2016届高考英语一轮复习课件：第二部分 语法专项突破 第8讲 定语从句(牛津译林版)

　　2．(2016·高考安徽卷)Mo Yan was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 2016，________ made one of the Chinese people’s long­held dreams come true. A．it

　　B．that C．what

　　D．which D

　　六、特殊定语从句 分隔式定语从句 插入式定语从句 省略式定语从句 介词＋关系副词 先行词与关系词分隔 关系代词与定语从句之间有插入语 介词＋关系代词＋不定式 from where/since when也可引导定语从句 ①The days are gone when physical strength was all you needed to make a living. 体力是你赖以生存的唯一手段的日子一去不复返了。 ②(2015·重庆一中高三模拟)To own a computer in families，which we thought was impossible twenty years ago，now becomes true.家里有台电脑，在20年前我们认为这是不可能的事，现在实现了。 ③We stood at the top of the hill，from where we can see the town.我们站在山顶上能看到全镇的景色。 ④The poor man has no house in which to live. ＝The poor man has no house(that/which) he can live in.这个可怜的人没有房子住。 温馨提示　在英语中，有许多从句，如主语从句、同位语从句以及强调句型与定语从句有许多相似之处。因此，命题人会利用这些相似性，设置一个特定语境，来考查考生对这些易混点的辨析能力。遇到这样的问题，我们的思路就是，抓住它们各自的特征，结合语境去判断到底属于何种句型或从句。 ①I have three cars，none of which is in good condition.(定语从句) ②I have three cars，but none of them is in good condition.(并列句) ③The suggestion that he came up with is practical.(定语从句, that在从句中充当宾语可省略) ④He gave me a suggestion that we should read aloud every morning.(同位语从句，that在从句中不作成分，但不可省略) (2016·高考重庆卷)We’ll reach the sales targets in a month ________we set at the beginning of the year. A．which

　　B．where C．when

　　D．what A

　　栏目导引 语法精讲 考点整合 语法专练 知能闯关 第二部分　第八讲 栏目导引 语法精讲 考点整合 语法专练 知能闯关 第二部分　第八讲 栏目导引 语法精讲 考点整合 语法专练 知能闯关 第二部分　第八讲 栏目导引 语法精讲 考点整合 语法专练 知能闯关 第二部分　第八讲 栏目导引 语法精讲 考点整合 语法专练 知能闯关 第二部分　第八讲 第八讲　定语从句 一、关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词 指代范围 在从句中所作成分 例句 who 人 主语、宾语 (2016·高考新课标全国卷Ⅰ)And then，how many adults，who now complain (抱怨) about the long drives to work，eagerly

　　drove for hours at a time when they first obtained their driver’s licenses(执照)？ 然而，有多少最初拿到驾照的时候是很渴望开车几个小时的成年人也抱怨开车上班时间长。 关系代词 指代范围 在从句中所作成分 例句 whom that 人 宾语 (2016·高考山东卷)Four days later Ann was still looking after the dog，whom they had started to call Riley.

　　四天后，安还在照看他们开始叫它Riley的狗。 人或物 主语、宾语、表语(不引导非限制性定语从句) ①A plane is a machine that can fly. ②I don’t know the man (that) you mentioned. 关系代词 指代范围 在从句中所作成分 例句 which whose 物 主语、宾语 (2016·高考湖南卷)Over the years, I’ve learned to iron shirts skillfully, which gives me a sense of

　　pride.

　　几年来,我已经学会了自己娴熟的熨衣服的技巧,这使我应该感到骄傲。 人或物 定语 ①Do you know the boy whose father (the father of whom/of whom the father) is an engineer？ ②He lives in a house whose windows(the windows of which/of which the windows) face south. (2016·高考江西卷)Among the many dangers ________ sailors have to face，probably the greatest of all is fog. A．whichB．what C．where

　　D．when

　　A

　　二、只用that，which情况 情况 用法说明 例句 只用that的情况 (1)先行词为all，everything，anything， nothing，little，much等不定代词时； (2)先行词被all，any，every，each，much，little，no，some，few等修饰时； (3)先行词由形容词最高级和序数词修饰时； (4)先行词既指人又指物时； (5)先行词被the only，the very修饰时。 ①He told me everything that he knows.

　　②All the books that you offered have been given out. ③This is the best film that I have ever seen. ④We talked about the persons and things that we remembered. ⑤He is the only man that I want to see. 情况 用法说明 例句 只用which情况 (1)在非限制性定语从句中，只用which； (2)由“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句中，只能用which。 My cousin Tina serves as a translator, which is quite popular in some foreign business firms. B 2．(2016·高考陕西卷)Please send us all the information ________ you have about the candidate for the position. A．that

　　B．which C．as

　　D．what A

　　三、关系副词引导的定语从句 关系副词 指代范围 在从句中所作成分 例句 when(＝at/on/in/during which) where＝(at/in which) 时间 时间状语 We live in an age when more information is available with greater ease than ever before. 地点 地点状语 (2016·高考新课标全国卷Ⅱ)When I arrived，Bryan took me to see the house where I would be staying. 关系副词 指代范围 在从句中所作成分 例句 why＝(for which) 温馨提示 原因 原因状语 I don’t know the reason why(＝for which)he was late. (1)the way作先行词，当它在从句中充当方式状语时，其后的关系词可以是in which，that或省略； (2)当它在从句中充当主 语、宾语等成分时,其后的关系词就用that或which。 The way(that/in which) he explained the sentence to us was not difficult to understand.(状语) 比较：The way (that/which)he explained to us was quite simple.(宾语) 关系副词 指代范围 在从句中所作成分 例句 温馨提示 当先行词是situation，stage，process,activity, case，condition等，且关系词在从句中作状语时,要用关系副词where,作主语、宾语用which或that。 (2016·芜湖一中模拟)A house bubble is an economic situation which occurs when house prices rise much too fast.

　　(2016·高考浙江卷)The museum will open in the spring with an exhibition and a viewing platform where visitors can watch the big glasshouses being built. 关系副词 指代范围 在从句中所作成分 例句 温馨提示 先行词为occasions，当“时机”讲时，用关系副词when；当“场合”讲时，用关系副词where。 Occasions are quite rare when I have the time to spend a day with my kids. C 2．(2016·高考福建卷)Students should involve themselves in community activities ________they can gain experience for growth. A．who

　　B．when C．which

　　D．where 解析：考查定语从句。句意：学生们应该积极参与社团活 动，在这些活动中他们可以获得成长的经验。分析句子结构可知，本句的先行词是community activities，将其移到后面的定语从句中为：they can gain experience for growth (in) community activities，由此可知关系词代替先行词在后面的定语从句中作地点状语，故用where引导。 D 四、“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句 介 词 ＋ 关 系 代 词 名(代)词＋介词＋which/whom Please pass me the book，the cover of which is blue. 数词/形容词最高级＋of＋which/whom He has ten cousins，the youngest of whom is clever. 介词(短语)＋which/whom (2016·高考天津卷)Our class is made up of 52 students,,all of whom are friendly and hard working. 我们班有52名学生,他们都很友好,学习很努力。 介 词 ＋ 关 系 代 词 介词＋which/whose＋名词 ①(2016·高考江西卷)A safari park is a park in which wild animals are kept.南非动物园是养动物的地方。 ②I wish to thank Professor Smith,without whose help I would never have got this far. 温馨提示 (1)“复合介词短语＋关系代词which”引导的定语从句，这种结构引导的定语从句常与先行词用逗号分开，定语从句常用倒装语序。 I can see a mountain in the distance，on the top of which stands an old temple dating from the Ming Dynasty. (2)不常见的“介词＋关系副词”结构，如from where，since when等，意思上相当于from there，since then。 ①I came here in 1949，since when I have been engaged in this work. 我1949年到这里，从那时起我就从事这项工作。 ②China is the birth place of kites，from where kite flying spread to Japan，Korea，Thailand and India.中国是风筝的故乡，从这里放风筝传到了日本、朝鲜、泰国和印度。 (2016·高考天津卷)English is a language shared by several diverse cultures，________ uses it differently. A．all of which

　　B．each of which C．all of them

　　D．each of them B 解析：考查定语从句及主谓一致。句意：英语是一种被好几种不同文化共享的语言，每种文化都用不同的方式使用它。首先根据空格后的uses使用的是一般现在时的第三人称单数 形式知，空格处需用单数名词或代词，可从B、D两项中选择(A项和C项中的all暗示空格后用use)；再根据uses是谓语动词知空格处是主语，只有B项each of which能作主语，由此本句构成了定语从句。若选D项each of them，空格前后两部分需用转折连词but连接，即构成but each of them uses，或用独立主格结构each of them using it differently。 五、as引导的定语从句 定语从句 区别 例句 as引 导限 制性 定语 从句 (1)“the same...that” that修饰的名词与原物是同一个； (2)“the same...as...”as修饰的是与先行词同类型的一个东西 This is the same bag that I lost yesterday.(同一个书包) This is the same bag as I lost yesterday.(同类型的另一个) “such/so...as...”和“such/so...that...”结构不同，as引导定语从句，而that引导状语从句。 They talked in such simple English as children could understand.(定语从句) They talked in such simple English that children could understand it.(状语从句) 定语从句 区别 例句 as 引导 非限 制性 定语 从句 (1)as引导非限制性定语从句，通常先行词为整个句子，意为“正如……，正像……”。as引导的从句既可以放在主句前，也可以放在主句后，有时还要插入主句中。as常用于下列习惯用语中： as we had expected 正如我们所预料的那样 ①The air quality in the city, as is shown in the report, has improved over the past two months. 正如报告所显示的，在过去的两个月里，这个城市的空气质量已有所改善。 定语从句 区别 例句 as 引导 非限 制性 定语 从句 as often happens 正如经常发生的那样 as has been said before正如以前所说的那样 as is mentioned above正如上面提到的 as is often the case 情况往往是这样 (2)which引导非限制性定语从句修饰前面整个句子时,常译为“这一点,这件事”等.which从句只能位于被修饰句子的后面。 ②They won the game, as we had expected. 正如我们所预料的一样,他们赢得了比赛。 ③The weather turned out to be very good，which was more than we could expect. 天气结果很好，这超出了我的想象。 1．(2016·高考山东卷)There is no simple answer，________ is often the case in science. A．as

　　B．that

　　C．when

　　D．where