2016届高考英语二轮复习专题（江苏专用）：书面表达

　　第五部分 书面表达

　　《普通高中英语课程标准》对语言技能目标(八级)“写”的要求如下：(1)能根据所读文章进行转述或写摘要；(2)能根据文字及图表提供的信息写短文或报告；(3)能写出语意连贯且结构完整的短文，叙述事情或表达观点和态度；(4)能在写作中做到文体规范、语句通顺。从要求来看，书面表达是综合性很强的题目，目的是考查学生的英语表达能力，看其是否能够运用所学的英语知识和掌握的技能进行思想交流。因此，考生应做到：(1)主题明确；(2)内容充实；(3)结构合理；(4)逻辑性强；(5)语言准确得体。

　　2016—2015高考江苏卷书面表达出题形式、体裁和话题等一览表

　　年份 写作类型 出题形式 体裁 话题 词数要求

　　2015 材料＋图形＋提纲 半开放 文字提示、图形 议论文 交通现状及产生的原因 150左右

　　2016 提纲式文字信息类 半开放 文字提示 议论文 评价英语词汇进入中文词典的现象 150左右

　　2016 看图写作 半开放 图画 夹叙夹议 行动胜于语言 150左右

　　通过对近三年高考英语书面表达题的分析发现，考查内容在从传统的单纯知识型向现代创新能力型转变，写作文体以议论文为主，半开放类占主流。这充分体现了现代高考旨在考查考生能否在体验现代生活发展节奏、把握时代脉搏的同时，将所学知识与具体实践结合起来并灵活运用的能力。考查特点归纳如下：

　　1．写作体裁与知识的实际运用密切结合

　　近三年的江苏卷以议论文为主，对日常生活中发生的现象进行评析。写作话题贴近实际生活，突出了对考生处理现实生活实际问题的能力的考查。

　　2．突出考查考生的想象力和创新能力

　　近三年的书面表达的写作内容都是来自于生活的真实情景。需要考生根据自身的生活阅历展开合理想象，创设合情合理的语境。

　　3．半开放式已成主流

　　近几年来，江苏卷书面表达全部为半开放式写作。这种考查形式使考生不完全受“提示形式”和“内容要点”的限制可以适当发挥。但这同时也对考生的写作能力提出了更高的要求。

　　4．高考趋势

　　从高考书面表达的发展趋势看，2016年高考书面表达在体裁和题材上应该会保持相对稳定，写作类型及提示形式也不会有太大的变化。

　　一、13类常见失分点

　　1．主谓不一致

　　(1)Three years have passed before we knew it.[误]

　　Three years has passed before we knew it.[正]

　　(2)Every man and every woman like surfing the Internet here.[误]

　　Every man and every woman likes surfing the Internet here.[正]

　　(3)Many a student have chatted online.[误]

　　Many a student has chatted online.[正]

　　2．时态不一致

　　(1)They talked and talked and soon the bus comes.[误]

　　They talked and talked and soon the bus came.[正]

　　(2)He said that he will come to see me soon.[误]

　　He said that he would come to see me soon.[正]

　　(3)If you had come earlier，you would see the actress yesterday.[误]

　　If you had come earlier，you would have seen the actress yesterday.[正]

　　3．词类误用

　　(1)She seated herself in the sofa and went sleep.[误]

　　She seated herself in the sofa and went asleep.[正]

　　(2)After the work，we went home，tiredly and hungry.[误]

　　After the work，we went home，tired and hungry.[正]

　　(3)Her kind and generosity made me feel at home.[误]

　　Her kindness and generosity made me feel at home.[正]

　　4．逻辑不一致

　　(1)I’m eager to show you around some places of interest，but some culture centers.[误]

　　I’m eager to show you around some places of interest，or some culture centers.[正]

　　(2)He went to her and gave her the present he had bought，and she refused to take it and went away.[误]

　　He went to her and gave her the present he had bought，but she refused to take it and went away.[正]

　　(3)Next time you look at a person，see if his or her face is red and pale.[误]

　　Next time you look at a person，see if his or her face is red or pale.[正]

　　5．代词替代不一致

　　(1)There are so many flowers in the flower shop that I don’t know what to buy.[误]

　　There are so many flowers in the flower shop that I don’t know which to buy.[正]

　　(2)It is us that are to blame for the result because we are too careless.[误]

　　It is we that are to blame for the result because we are too careless.[正]

　　(3)She took many photos during her stay in Beijing and showed it to me.[误]

　　She took many photos during her stay in Beijing and showed them to me.[正]

　　6．介词多余

　　(1)Work hard，and you will make it at some time.[误]

　　Work hard，and you will make it some time.[正]

　　(2)At the first time she came to see me，I was doing some reading.[误]

　　The first time she came to see me，I was doing some reading.[正]

　　(3)Considering about everything，the plan is quite practical.[误]

　　Considering everything，the plan is quite practical.[正]

　　7．连词多余

　　(1)She sent me an email，asking whether how I was getting along with my classmates.[误]

　　She sent me an email，asking how I was getting along with my classmates.[正]

　　(2)If one more minute，and we can do it easily.[误]

　　One more minute，and we can do it easily.[正]

　　(3)Because you gave us timely help，so we finished it on time.[误]

　　Because you gave us timely help，we finished it on time.[正]

　　8．冠词多余

　　(1)As we know，the Sunday is the first day of a week.[误]

　　As we know，Sunday is the first day of a week.[正]

　　(2)I prefer this kind of a fruit.[误]

　　I prefer this kind of fruit.[正]

　　(3)Our teacher usually tells us to behave well in the public places.[误]

　　Our teacher usually tells us to behave well in public places.[正]

　　9．句子成分短缺

　　(1)We all strongly against the suggestion put forward at the meeting.[误]

　　We are all strongly against the suggestion put forward at the meeting.[正]

　　(2)What known to all is that cars have become a popular means of transport.[误]

　　What is known to all is that cars have become a popular means of transport.[正]

　　(3)What puzzles you actually a puzzle for many parents in China.[误]

　　What puzzles you is actually a puzzle for many parents in China.[正]

　　10．及物与不及物动词误用

　　(1)All flights this morning have put off because of the thick fog.[误]

　　All flights this morning have been put off because of the thick fog.[正]

　　(2)The teacher caught me cheating in the exam，but he didn’t punish for it.[误]

　　The teacher caught me cheating in the exam，but he didn’t punish me for it.[正]

　　(3)It is known that everything depends the sunlight for growth.[误]

　　It is known that everything depends on the sunlight for growth.[正]

　　11．非谓语动词误用

　　(1)He admitted to make a mistake.[误]

　　He admitted making a mistake.[正]

　　(2)She objects to be treated like a child.[误]

　　She objects to being treated like a child.[正]

　　(3)I regret saying that I can’t help you for I have many things to do.[误]

　　I regret to say that I can’t help you for I have many things to do.[正]

　　(4)The desk needs to repair.[误]

　　The desk needs repairing./The desk needs to be repaired.[正]

　　(5)My parents expect me to study science and becoming a scientist.[误]

　　My parents expect me to study science and become a scientist.[正]

　　(6)They were made work hard all day long.[误]

　　They were made to work hard all day long.[正]

　　(7)I find it easy to be done.[误]

　　I find it easy to do.[正]

　　(8)Comparing with you，I still have a long way to go.[误]

　　Compared with you，I still have a long way to go.[正]

　　(9)Everything taking into consideration，it is a good plan.[误]

　　Everything taken into consideration，it is a good plan.[正]

　　12．搭配错误

　　(1)As time going by，more and more people prefer a healthy diet.[误]

　　With time going by，more and more people prefer a healthy diet.[正]

　　(2)The bridge is in construction.[误]

　　The bridge is under construction.[正]

　　(3)So far as I am concerned，riding bicycles is a good solution.[误]

　　As far as I am concerned，riding bicycles is a good solution.[正]

　　(4)The thief ran to the direction of the hill.[误]

　　The thief ran in the direction of the hill.[正]

　　(5)It is no doubt that drinking too much is harmful to health.[误]

　　There is no doubt that drinking too much is harmful to health.[正]

　　(6)It wasn’t long when we got to the cinema.[误]

　　It wasn’t long before we got to the cinema.[正]

　　13．汉语式表达

　　(1)This is my first time visit to Beijing.[误]

　　This is my first visit to Beijing.[正]

　　(2)I like Taiji and it is my most favorite sport.[误]

　　I like Taiji and it is my favorite sport.[正]

　　(3)Our school is two miles far away from here，so you’d better take a taxi.[误]

　　Our school is two miles away from here，so you’d better take a taxi.[正]

　　(4)After he returned back，he began to work at once.[误]

　　After he returned，he began to work at once.[正]

　　(5)Of the two objects，I prefer the blue one better.[误]

　　Of the two objects，I prefer the blue one.[正]

　　二、高分技巧

　　1．恰当使用连词、连接副词等连接句子，可使文章逻辑性强，结构紧凑，层次清晰，意义贯通。

　　Last Sunday，when my parents went out shopping，I suddenly got an idea: why not give the rooms a thorough cleaning？Firstly I collected all the books，newspapers and other things scattered in the rooms and put them in place.Then I wiped the dust off all the furniture.After that，I swept and mopped the floors.(2016·陕西)

　　2．恰当选用“贴切、地道的高级词汇”。

　　从书面表达的评分标准可知，运用高级词汇对提高书面表达的“档次”和得分至关重要。通过构词法变化来的新词、使用同(近)义词或反义词来代替常见的词语是选用恰当词汇的有效途径。如下表所列近义词，用高级词汇代替普通词汇，会取得比较好的效果。

　　普通词汇 高级词汇 普通词汇 高级词汇

　　think of come up with，occur to，have an idea explain account for

　　thank appreciate most the majority of

　　should be supposed to look after attend to

　　be＋adj. be of＋n. least the minority of

　　like be crazy about，be absorbed in，be addicted to as long as on condition that

　　different various，a variety of tired be worn out

　　busy be engaged in during in the course of

　　tell inform sb.of，inform sb.that sometimes occasionally，once in a while

　　3.适当使用含有“较为丰富的语法结构”的高级句式。

　　感叹句、独立主格结构、特殊句式、名词性从句、定语从句、状语从句、非谓语动词等都属于较复杂的“语法结构”。这些结构的正确、交替使用，可以使文章的语言充满层次感，从而较好地反映作者的语言运用能力。此外，正确使用一些谚语也能给文章增色不少。

　　(1)感叹句

　　①What a meaningful day it was！(2015·北京，书面表达二)

　　这是多么有意义的一天啊！

　　②How happy I will be！How I wish I could be younger than now！(2015·重庆，写作一)

　　我太开心了！我多么希望能够比现在年轻一点！

　　(2)独立主格结构

　　In the picture，a boy is fully absorbed in a book made of bamboo，with several more scrolls lying on one end of his desk.(2015·福建)

　　图画中，一个男孩在全神贯注地读一本由竹子做成的书，桌子的一边放着很多卷书。

　　(3)特殊句式

　　①Can you tell us when and where？(2015·安徽)

　　你能告诉我们什么时间以及在哪里吗？

　　②It shows that it is hard work and determination rather than outer conditions that play a vital role in shaping a great mind.(2015·福建)

　　这表明成为一个伟大人物的决定因素是艰苦的工作及毅力而不是外部条件。

　　③It is the people who obey the rules that matter.(2015·江苏)

　　重要的是遵守这些规则的人们。

　　④Not only do they offer you joy and excitement，but also they encourage you to think critically.(2015·天津)

　　它们不仅可以让你们开心和兴奋，而且还激励你们进行批判性思考。

　　(4)名词性从句

　　①I wonder if you’d like to go with me.(2015·北京，书面表达一)

　　我想知道你是否愿意和我一起去。

　　②With the development of medical technology，we can detect whether people have major illnesses and predict whether people have a preference for food by using saliva sample，and remind people to take appropriate exercise.(2015·广东，基础写作)

　　随着医疗技术的发展，我们能诊断人们是否得了什么重要疾病并能通过唾液样本预测人们对食物的偏好，同时提醒人们进行适当的锻炼。

　　③It is just what I want.(2015·四川)

　　这正是我想要的。

　　④I would appreciate it if you could give me more information.(2015·重庆，写作二)

　　如果你能提供更多的信息我将不胜感激。

　　(5)定语从句

　　①If they often cheat in the exams，they will form a bad habit，which will have a bad effect on their life.(2015·广东，读写任务)

　　如果他们在考试中经常作弊，他们就会养成一个坏习惯，这将会对他们的生活产生坏的影响。

　　②From this experience I have learned that questioning can serve as a bridge that helps us to seek the truth.(2015·湖北)

　　这次经历使我明白了质疑是帮助我们探寻真理的桥梁。

　　③My teacher may think I am excellent and that I can do well in my study，which can make me more confident.(2015·湖南)

　　我的老师可能认为我优秀并能学好习，这样能使我更加自信。

　　④Last but not least，everyone will be happy if praised，which is the common positive emotion that everybody likes to share.(2015·湖南)

　　最后但同样重要的一点，被表扬大家都会开心，这是人人都愿意分享的最常见的正能量。

　　⑤The Double Ninth Festival，which is the day set aside for the elderly in our culture，is drawing near.(2015·全国Ⅱ)

　　重阳节即将到来，它是在我们的文化里专门为老年人设置的节日。

　　⑥Besides，I often teach my English teacher who comes from America Mandarin in my spare time.(2015·四川)

　　另外，在我的业余时间里我经常教我的英语老师普通话，他来自美国。

　　⑦Our school will donate 5,000 copies of different valuable books to your class，which include popular science books，classic works and so on.(2015·天津)

　　我们学校将向你们班级捐献5 000册有价值的不同书籍，包括科普书、经典著作等。

　　⑧This is the reason why I want to interview her，not only because of her fame，but also because of her kindness and honest.(2015·安徽)

　　这是我想采访她的理由，不仅仅是因为她的名声，还是因为她的友善和诚实。

　　(6)状语从句

　　①If you are interested in it，let me know and I’ll send you more information.(2015·北京，书面表达一)

　　如果你感兴趣，告诉我，我会为你提供更多的信息。

　　②If you’d like to join us，please let us know and we’ll wait for you at the school gate at 9 in the morning.(2015·全国Ⅱ)

　　如果你想加入我们，请告诉我们，我们将于上午9点在学校大门口等你。

　　③If you want to speak Mandarin well.First，you should read more and watch more Chinese TV programmes.(2015·四川)

　　如果你想说好普通话，首先，你应该多读、多看中文电视节目。

　　④If you have more needs，please let me know as soon as possible.(2015·天津)

　　如果你有更多的需求，请尽快告诉我。

　　⑤In a word，you can write anything relevant so long as it’s interesting and informative.(2015·全国Ⅰ)

　　总之，你可以写任何相关的内容，只要有趣味并能增长见识。

　　⑥I hope you would be so kind as to send it to us before June 28th，so that it can be published in time.(2015·全国Ⅰ)

　　我希望你能发善心在6月28日以前给我们寄过来，以便能够按时出版。

　　⑦When I have a different opinion，I may choose to give it up and respect the opinion of the majority.(2015·浙江)

　　当我有不同意见时，我会选择放弃自己的意见并尊重大多数人的意见。

　　⑧Once we were left to decide whether to have a picnic in a park or go to a museum.I would love to go to a museum.(2015·浙江)

　　一旦让我们决定是在公园野餐还是去博物馆，我愿意去博物馆。

　　⑨If I learn English well，I can do what I love to.(2015·重庆，写作一)

　　如果我学好英语，我能做我喜欢做的事。

　　⑩I have a preference for wild release，because it is very convenient for the other persons who want to read books.(2015·重庆，写作二)

　　我喜欢自由分享，因为这样对于那些想读书的其他人来说很方便。

　　(7)非谓语动词

　　①So careful were we that we quickly mastered the way of doing it，starting to make our own “artwork” using a piece of dough.(2015·北京，书面表达二)

　　我们很细心，于是我们很快掌握了做这件事的方法，开始用面团制作我们自己的艺术品。

　　②From this experience，I learned that it is our responsibility as well as our joy to protect the tradition.(2015·北京，书面表达二)

　　从这次体验我感受到，保护传统的东西不仅是责任更是一种乐趣。

　　③The story tells us of a famous scholar named Kuang Heng from Western Han Dynasty.(2015·福建)

　　这个故事给我们讲述的是西汉时期的著名学者匡衡。

　　④It’s a waste of time playing games and it will have a bad effect on their study.(2015·广东，读写任务)

　　玩游戏是一种时间的浪费，同时对他们的学习也有坏的影响。

　　⑤As a student，I can tell you that there is nothing better than being praised by my teacher before my classmates.(2015·湖南)

　　作为一名学生，我可以告诉你没有什么比在同学们面前受到老师的表扬更好的事情了。

　　⑥What’s worse，some drivers，cyclists and pedestrians do not think it vital to obey traffic rules.(2015·江苏)

　　更糟糕的是，一些机动车司机、骑自行车的人以及行人并不认为遵守交通规则很重要。

　　⑦It is everybody’s duty to observe them to keep our society in order and going on the right track.(2015·江苏)

　　维护社会秩序，在正确的路线上行驶是每个人应尽的义务。

　　⑧We’ll also spend some fun time together singing，dancing and playing games，which we hope will make them happy.(2015·全国Ⅱ)

　　我们还将一起度过一段快乐时光，一起唱、跳、玩游戏，我们希望这会使他们开心。

　　⑨I am writing to apply for the volunteer position stated in your notice.(2015·陕西)

　　我正在写信申请你们通知里陈述到的志愿者职位。

　　(8)谚语

　　①As the old saying goes，“An inch of time is worth an inch of gold”．(2015·广东，读写任务)

　　俗话说，一寸光阴一寸金。

　　②Every coin has its two sides.(2015·湖南)

　　事物是一分为二的。

　　4．此外还要注意以下几个方面：

　　(1)要有高分句意识。高分句可以用复合句、特殊句式(尤其是使用倒装句、强调句等)，还可以使用谚语。高分句最好放在每一段的首句，这样给人耳目一新的感觉。还可以放在文章的结尾，给人以厚重的感觉。

　　(2)要有段落意识。这样使作文层次分明，条理清晰。每一段的段首或段尾有一个高分句，能为文章增色不少。

　　(3)要书写优美。一篇优秀的作文犹如一件艺术品，书写清楚，字母大小写匀称，单词间距适当，给人以美的享受，这样的作文怎么能不得高分呢！

　　一、6种常用写作模板

　　(一)观点对比类写作

　　1．一般情况下先陈述两个对立的观点，最后给出自己的看法。

　　(1)有人认为……

　　(2)而有的人则认为……

　　(3)在我看来……

　　The theme of

　　①

　　(主题) is becoming increasingly popular nowadays.There are two opposite opinions about it.Some people say they are in favor of A．Their view is that ②

　　(支持A的理由一)．What is more，③

　　(理由二)．Moreover，④

　　(理由三)．

　　While some others prefer B．The reasons are as follows.First (To begin with)，⑤

　　(支持B的理由一)．Second (Besides)，⑥

　　(理由二)．Lastly (Finally)，⑦

　　(理由三)．

　　Personally，I think ⑧

　　(我的观点)．The reason is that ⑨

　　(原因)．Actually，reasons are various.For me，the former is surely a wise choice.

　　2．有时候先给出一个观点，然后要求考生反驳这一观点。

　　Some people hold the belief that ①

　　(观点一)．For example，they think②

　　(理由陈述)．And ③

　　(为他们带来的好处)．

　　Based on my own opinion，I never think this reason can be the point.For one thing，④

　　(我反对该看法的理由一)．For another thing，⑤

　　(理由二)．

　　To be short，I agree to the opinion that ⑥

　　(我对文章所讨论主题的看法)．

　　(二)主题阐述类写作

　　一般是从一句话或一个主题出发，然后根据所给提示中的要求进行论述。

　　1．先阐述这句话或主题所蕴涵的意义；

　　2．分析、举例并使其内容更充实。

　　As we know，the old famous saying ①

　　(名言或谚语) reminds us that ②

　　(释义)．Indeed，we can learn a lot from it.

　　Firstly，③

　　(理由一)．For example，④

　　(举例说明)．Secondly，⑤

　　(理由二)．Another case is that ⑥

　　(举例说明)．Furthermore，⑦

　　(理由三)．

　　But I think，⑧

　　(我的观点)．In a word，whatever you do，please remember what the saying tells us.If you do as it tells you to，you’ll surely benefit a lot from it.

　　(三)问题解决方法类写作

　　一般情况下要求考生列举出解决问题的多种途径。

　　1．先陈述问题现状；

　　2．然后探讨怎样解决。

　　Recently，we have to face the problem ①

　　(第一个问题)，which is becoming increasingly serious.Firstly，②

　　(第一个问题的概况)．Secondly，③

　　(进一步列举说明现状)．

　　Confronted with it，a series of effective measures should be taken to deal with the situation.For one thing，④

　　(解决方法一)．For another，⑤

　　(解决方法二)．Finally，⑥

　　(解决方法三)．

　　In my opinion，I do believe that ⑦

　　(我的解决方法)．As a consequence，I’m confident that a bright future is ahead of us because ⑧

　　(带来的好处)．

　　(四)利弊对比类写作

　　一般情况下先说明一下现状，然后对比事物本身的利弊，但有时候往往先从一个角度(利或弊)作为切入点，最后要求考生表明自己的观点(或对事物前景提出预测)。

　　1．陈述事物目前状况；

　　2．事物本身的优缺点(或一方面)；

　　3．你对现状(或前景)的看法。

　　At present，many people prefer A because it has a significant role in our daily life.Generally，its advantages can be seen as follows.First，①

　　(A的优点之一)．Besides，②

　　(A的优点之二)．

　　However，each coin has its two sides.Apparently，one of its important disadvantages is that ③

　　(A的缺点之一)．Worse still/To make matters worse，④

　　(A的缺点之二)．

　　Judging from the analysis mentioned above，I am sure that the positive aspects overweigh the negative ones.So it’s obvious that I would like to ⑤

　　(我的看法)．

　　Therefore，we should take it and do it reasonably and practically.Only in this way，⑥

　　(对未来情况的预测)．

　　(五)答题性议论文写作

　　Currently，there is a widespread concern over (the issue that) ①

　　(作文题目)，which is really important to every one of us.Consequently，immediate measures must be taken to solve this problem.

　　It’s known to all that many steps can be taken to solve this problem.First of all，②

　　(途径一)．Additionally，another way of dealing with the problem is ③

　　(途径二)．

　　Above all，there are various ways.But as far as I am concerned，I would prefer to solve the problem in this way，that is to say，④

　　(方法)．

　　(六)谚语警句性议论文

　　What is known to us is that the proverb ①

　　(谚语) has a profound significance and value not only in our job but also in our study.It means ②

　　(谚语的含义)．The saying can be illustrated through a series of examples as follows ③

　　(举例说明)．

　　二、12篇不同类型的经典范文

　　(一)给报社等的讨论稿(携带手机的利弊)

　　Dear Editor，

　　[开门见山] I’m a senior school student.I’m writing to tell you my opinion on whether senior high school students should go to school with mobile phones.

　　[个人观点] I think they can do that.Because it is quite convenient for the students to keep in touch with their friends and family wherever they are.What’s more，a student can also use it for fun.

　　[利弊对比] However，each coin has its two sides.There exist some problems，such as，the ring of phones may disturb teachers’ teaching and students’ study.

　　(二)根据柱状图表写调查报告

　　The ideas about future jobs have changed a lot in high school students.

　　What is the most striking contrast is teaching：40 percent of the girls would prefer to become teachers while the boys only make up 15 percent.45 percent of the boys would like to do business and another 30 percent want to be lawyers，while only 10 percent of the girls want to do so.To the boys，they would like to become managers most and next to it，scientists.Besides teaching，girls also want to be scientists and managers.They just expect to show their abilities in these two fields.

　　(三)过去与现在对比的信件

　　Dear Editor，

　　I’m a middle school student. I once had a very active and outgoing friend，but everything has changed because of his recent addiction to computer games.

　　He used to be a very good student and was often praised by his teachers.He studied hard and did well in every subject.Besides，he often helped others with their study.

　　However，he is now quite a different person.He plays games all day and all night and often runs away from school.I just can’t stop him playing games again.I’m very much worried and I’m afraid it will destroy his future as well as himself.

　　Could you tell me what I can do？I’m looking forward to your reply.Thank you very much.

　　Yours，

　　Li Hua

　　(四)图画与个人观点

　　The other day during the summer holidays，I came across my classmate Li Hua，who is my best friend.We talked while walking.When I asked him where to go during the holidays，he replied that he had to stay at home studying.Then I asked why.Much to my surprise，he told me that it was just because he failed in the college entrance examinations.

　　Personally，not only does traveling increase a student’s knowledge but also makes life meaningful.What’s more，at the present time，we students are suffering a lot both at home and school.Why not go out to get relaxed?

　　(五)三段式作文解读幽默画

　　[阐明主题] Our schoolbags need lightening badly

　　[图画内容] The picture is about a schoolboy and a big woman.The boy with a pair of glasses is carrying a heavy schoolbag，while the woman is taking some exercise.The boy is saying to the woman jokingly，“Mum，if you carry the schoolbag for me，I’m sure you will easily lose weight...”

　　[社会实际] Obviously，we Chinese students are overburdened with everyday lessons and homework.Every day what we have to do is to listen to the teachers，take notes and do our homework endlessly.

　　[个人想法] Surely we hope to get more knowledge with fewer lectures，exercises and less homework.Only by this means can we spare some time to do sports every day.Then we will be healthy mentally and physically.

　　(六)叙事类图画作文

　　Yesterday afternoon I walking in the park when suddenly I saw a touching event.At that time some people were boating on the lake.Meanwhile a girl and her parents were taking photos.All of a sudden，the little girl fell into the lake as a result of carelessness.It’s obvious that she couldn’t swim and was struggling in the water.Her parents cried for help.Hearing the cry，a young man immediately dashed to the bank and dived into the water before he could take off his clothes.He swam to the drowning girl and pushed her to the bank.The girl was saved and her parents felt quite grateful to the young man，whose deeds moved the people present.

　　What a nice and brave young man!

　　(七)请求笔友帮忙的信

　　Dear Peter，

　　How are you doing?

　　[写信目的] I’m writing to tell you that my uncle Li Ming is going to your city for a conference，and I’ve asked him to bring you the Chinese painting you’ve asked for before.

　　[提出请求] Also，I’d like you to do me a favor.Would you please meet my uncle at the airport and take him to the hotel since this is his first visit to the U．S.？Thank you in advance!

　　[具体细节] His flight number is CA985，and it will arrive at 11：30 am，August 6.My uncle is tall and in a blue jacket with glasses.

　　Looking forward to your reply.

　　Yours，

　　Li Hua

　　(八)书面通知

　　Sept.14th,2015

　　NOTICE

　　In order to help students know more about computers，we have invited Professor Zhang from the Department of Computer from Beijing University to give us a lecture on Monday，December 14th.Professor Zhang will give us a talk on the use of computer and how to learn through the Internet.

　　The lecture begins at 3：00 pm in Room 207 of the library Building.Whoever loves it is welcome to attend it.Please come with your questions on computer learning.Professor Zhang will leave you time for questions.

　　Don’t forget to be on time.

　　Students’ Union

　　(九)学校生活中的常见欢迎词

　　Ladies and gentlemen，

　　Warmly welcome to our school！Now I have the great honor to introduce something about the changes that have taken place in our class.

　　We used to be busy listening and taking notes in class，and had no time to think for ourselves.Because we had no interest in the lessons，we often felt bored，tired and sleepy while listening.After school we had to do endless homework，unable to have time for some sports.

　　However，things have changed greatly now.With the help of computers，the lessons are so lively and interesting that the students become active and interested.As a result，we have made greater progress than before with less time.And we have enough time to enjoy ourselves after class.

　　Such good teaching method is popular with all of us.We will try our best to study even harder.

　　That’s all.Thank you!

　　(十)填写求职表格

　　Family name：Li

　　First name：Hua

　　Sex：Male

　　Date of birth：March 25,1991

　　Place of birth：Xi’an，Shaanxi

　　Nationality：Chinese

　　Address：No.1 High School of Xi’an

　　Telephone number：029－2081777

　　Education：Graduated from Xi’an University

　　Explain why you think you are qualified for the job：

　　I enjoy communicating with people.I’m young，healthy，delightful and helpful.I can speak standard Chinese and I’m also good at English.I once won the first prize of English competition in our college.I’m very fond of traveling and know many places of interest in China.

　　(十一)求职信

　　Dear Sir，

　　I learn that a travel guide is needed in your company from China Daily the other day，so I’m writing to apply for the position.

　　I’m Chinese，male.I was born on March 25,1991 in Xi’an，Shaanxi Province.I graduated from Xi’an University last month.I enjoy communicating with people.I’m young，healthy，delightful and helpful.I can speak standard Chinese and I’m also good at English.I once won the first prize of English competition in our college.I’m very fond of traveling and know many places of interest in China.

　　I think I’m qualified for the job.If you can offer me this chance I will do my best to do it well.

　　Looking forward to your answer.You can connect me by posting a letter to No.1 High School of Xi’an or dial this number：029－2081777.

　　Yours sincerely，

　　Li Hua

　　(十二)回复公司关于面试的信件

　　No.1 High School of Xi’an，Shaanxi

　　Oct.28,2015

　　Dear Mr.Lively，

　　Thank you for your letter of Oct.26 asking me to come to the interview on Friday，Nov.6 at 2：30 pm.

　　Unfortunately，I shall not be in that day，as I have another appointment.May I suggest another date for the interview？I could come to the interview on Tuesday，Nov.10，or the morning of Nov.12.

　　I hope one of these dates will be possible for you，as I am extremely interested in the post.

　　Expecting your reply.

　　Yours sincerely，

　　Li Hua

　　一、提纲类作文

　　提纲类作文是近年高考书面表达的热点题型。它往往以列要点或用表格的形式呈现给考生相关信息，通常有较多的文字说明，对考生需要表达的内容有明确的要求和一定的限制。考查形式有书信、报道、通知、日记、发言稿、对某人或某物的介绍、欢迎词等。这就要求考生在动笔之前，应该认真审题，弄清楚题目与提纲之间的关系及文章内容与提纲之间的关系，然后确定文章的中心思想及各个段落的中心思想，提炼出完美的段落主题句，保证段落中的内容能够充分展开并且符合题意。

　　1．仔细审题，明确要求。

　　审读所给信息，弄清楚所要表达的内容要点，然后对所给的信息进行梳理，可根据内容要点适当调整写作顺序，使文章行文连贯。

　　2．列全要点，即提纲要点化，然后写作成文。

　　此时我们就必须在大脑中将各种信息点补充完整，适时使用高级词汇和复杂句式。要根据提示将要点表达清楚，使文章的内容完整、饱满、要点齐全，注意适当增加细节。同时注意句子与句子之间，段落与段落之间要有合理的过渡衔接。

　　3．检查核实，确保无误。

　　(一)

　　(2015·重庆，写作二)

　　Bookcrossing.com是一个面向全球的图书分享网站。该网站组织的分享活动有两种参与方式：一是自由分享(wild release)，即把书放在指定地点，由其他参与者自由获取；二是定向分享(controlled release)，即直接传递给另一位参与者。

　　假设你是李华，请用英文写信申请参加。内容应包括：

　　·表明写信目的

　　·选择一种分享方式

　　·简述做出该选择的理由

　　·希望了解更多信息

　　注意：词数不少于80。

　　(二)

　　(2015·四川)

　　假如你是李夏。你看到美国留学生Sharon 在网上发帖，希望有人能帮助她提高普通话(Mandarin)水平，她可以教英语作为回报。请根据以下提示用英语给她写一封电子邮件。

　　1．表达给她提供帮助的意愿；

　　2．说明你能胜任辅导的理由；

　　3．给出讲好普通话的两点建议；

　　4．提出你学习英语的具体需求。

　　注意：1.词数120左右，开头语已为你写好；

　　2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

　　Hi，Sharon，

　　This is Li Xia.I learned from your post that you want to improve your Mandarin.

　　Li Xia

　　(三)

　　(2015·安徽)

　　某英文杂志正在举办以 “Fancy yourself as an interviewer” 为主题的征文活动，请你以“A Famous Chinese I Would Like to Interview” 为题，写一篇英语短文。

　　内容包括：1.采访的对象；

　　2．采访的原因；

　　3．想提的问题。

　　注意：1.词数120左右；

　　2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；

　　3．短文中不能出现与本人相关的信息；

　　4．短文的标题已给出，不计入总词数。

　　A Famous Chinese I Would Like to Interview

　　二、图表、图画类作文

　　图表、图画类作文是高考书面表达较常见的考查形式之一，它不仅考查考生的文字表达能力，而且也考查考生审读图表、图画的能力。此类试题往往要求考生先用英语对所提供的信息做客观的描述，然后提出自己的观点或发表评论。图表、图画类作文主要有以下几种形式：数据表格、饼形图、条形图、曲线图和看图作文。其中看图作文中图画既可以是漫画，也可以是其他图片、照片等情景材料。从写作体裁看，主要有说明文、议论文和应用文，时态一般用一般现在时。

　　以图画评论型作文为例说明这类作文的写作步骤，基本上可以按照以下三个步骤，分三段书写。

　　1．研究图画，准确描述。

　　第一段首先要将图片中的情景进行描述，要言简意赅，不漏要点。

　　2．陈述现象，指明原因。

　　第二段要说明图画中这一现象存在的社会原因，并揭示它所反映的主题，然后紧扣主题分析原因，一般列举两到三条即可。多使用第三人称。

　　3．联系实际，表达观点。

　　结合自己的亲身经历对解决类似问题提出自己的观点和看法。多使用第一人称。

　　(一)

　　(2015·北京，书面表达二)

　　假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序，介绍在“传统文化进校园”活动中，向面人艺术家学习捏面人的过程，并以“A Day with a Craftsman”为题，给校刊“英语角”写一篇英语稿件。

　　注意：词数不少于60。

　　提示词：一个面团a piece of dough

　　面人 dough figurine

　　(二)

　　(2015·福建)

　　请阅读下面图画，按要求用英语写一篇词数为120左右的短文。

　　内容要求：

　　1．描述画面；

　　2．概述其含义；

　　3．谈谈个人感想。

　　凿壁偷光

　　注意：1.短文开头已给出，不计入总词数；

　　2．可适当发挥，使文章内容充实、行文连贯。

　　参考词汇：凿，钻bore

　　In the picture，

　　三、应用类作文

　　应用类作文是高考英语书面表达最常见的一种考查形式。此类作文接近考生的生活实际，考生有话可说，能充分考查考生的真实写作水平。常见的应用文有书信、电子邮件、通知、日记、便条、启示、演讲稿等。尤其以书信、电子邮件所占比例最大。一般情况下作文的开头及结尾部分已经给出，只要求考生写主题部分。在应用文的写作中应注意以下两个方面：

　　1．作文内容力求语言平实、简洁、准确，句子不宜过长，让读者(或听众)很容易明白文章表达的基本信息。

　　2．不同的文体使用不同的人称和时态，在写作中人称时态要把握好。

　　下面就书信、日记、演讲稿为例简单介绍一下它们的写作步骤：

　　1．书信/电子邮件

　　此类作文一般开头结尾都已给出，正文可根据作文要求分段把内容表达清楚即可。

　　2．日记/周记

　　在写作时，一般先介绍活动的时间、地点、目的和内容，最后谈个人感受。

　　3．演讲稿

　　演讲稿通常包括三部分：呼语(Greeting)、正文(Body)和结束语(Closing)。写作时按这三部分的顺序表达即可。

　　(一)

　　(2015·全国Ⅰ)

　　假定你是李华，你校英文报“外国文化”栏目拟刊登介绍美国节日风俗和中学生生活的短文。请给美国朋友彼得写信约稿，要点如下：

　　1．栏目介绍；

　　2．稿件内容；

　　3．稿件长度：约400词；

　　4．交稿日期：6月28日前。

　　注意：1.词数100左右；

　　2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；

　　3．开头语已为你写好。

　　Dear Peter，

　　I’d like to ask you to write an article for our school’s English newspaper.

　　(二)

　　(2015·全国Ⅱ)

　　假定你是李华，计划和同学去敬老院(nursing home)陪老人们过重阳节(the Double Ninth Festival)。请给外教露西写封邮件，邀她一同前往，内容包括：

　　1．出发及返回时间；

　　2．活动：包饺子、表演节目等。

　　注意：1.词数100左右；

　　2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；

　　3．结语已为你写好。

　　Looking forward to your reply.

　　Yours，

　　Li Hua

　　(三)

　　(2015·北京，书面表达一)

　　假设你是红星中学高三学生李华，请给你的美国朋友Jim写一封邮件，告诉他你打算参加龙舟训练营，希望他一起参加。邮件的内容包括：

　　1．介绍训练营的相关内容(例如：时间、地点、参加者等)；

　　2．说明你打算参加的原因；

　　3．询问对方的意向。

　　注意：1.词数不少于50；

　　2．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。

　　提示词：龙舟训练营Dragon Boat Training Camp

　　Dear Jim，

　　Yours，

　　Li Hua

　　(四)

　　(2015·天津)

　　假设你是晨光中学学生会主席李津，你校拟向美国友好交流学校的中文班捐赠一批图书。请根据以下提示，写一封邮件与中文班班长Chris联系，并告知将于今年七月赴对方学校参加夏令营时带去赠书。

　　1．自我介绍；

　　2．拟捐赠图书的类型、册数、用途等；

　　3．询问对方的其他需求。

　　注意：1.词数不少于100；

　　2．请适当加入细节，使内容充实、行文连贯。

　　参考词汇： 学生会 the Student Union

　　Dear Chris，

　　Yours，

　　Li Jin

　　(五)

　　(2015·陕西)

　　假定你是李华，在校报英语专栏看到了学校“英语文化节”的一则招募启事。请阅读启事，并根据写作要点和写作要求写一封应征邮件。

　　Volunteers Wanted

　　Our annual English Festival，which will be held on June 15­17,2015，is now looking for 20 student volunteers to provide service for Talent Show，Speech Contest，and English Debate.If you are interested，please send an application email at your earliest convenience to Ms Chen at chenlaoshi@aef.com.

　　写作要点：

　　1．表达写作意图；

　　2．陈述应征目的；

　　3．说明应征条件(性格、能力等)。

　　写作要求：

　　1．邮件词数不少于100；

　　2．开头和结尾部分已写好，不计入总词数；

　　3．可根据情况增加细节，使行文连贯。

　　Dear Ms Chen，

　　I’m Li Hua，a student from Class 2，Grade 3.

　　Looking forward to your reply.

　　Yours truly，

　　Li Hua

　　四、开放、半开放类作文

　　开放、半开放类作文往往给考生呈现有限的提示，留给考生更多思考的空间和自由发挥的余地。考生应仔细审题、确定文体，然后选择恰当的句式来准确表达题目要求的相关内容。这种题型旨在考查考生用英语思考的能力和在具体的语境中用英语表达的能力。

　　1．开放类作文表达时通常先描述显性的部分，按一定的顺序，如时间的先后或空间的转移，来组织材料。然后是隐性的部分，要紧扣主题或按照作文要求去表达，即揭示寓意，突出主题。隐性部分和显性部分一定有其必然的联系。

　　2．半开放类作文通常先描述材料的叙述部分。然后按材料要求对所给的要点自由发挥即可，但要符合生活实际，真实可信。

　　(一)

　　(2015·重庆，写作一)

　　请就以下话题，按要求用英文写作。

　　If you could give your younger self one piece of advice，what would you say?

　　要求：1.做出回答并说明理由；

　　2．词数不少于60。

　　(二)

　　(2015·浙江)

　　在班级活动中，当你的想法与大多数同学不一致时，你是坚持自己的观点并说服别人，还是尊重大多数同学的意见？请你以“When I Have a Different Opinion”为题，用英语写一篇100～120个词的短文。要求如下：

　　1．从以上两种做法中选择一种；

　　2．以具体事例阐述你选择的理由。

　　When I Have a Different Opinion

　　(三)

　　(2015·湖南)

　　请以老师当众表扬你为话题，用下面所给句子开头，续写一篇英语短文。

　　　As a student，I can tell you that there is nothing better than being praised by my teacher before my classmates.)

　　注意：1.续写词数不少于120个；

　　2．不能使用真实姓名和学校名称。

　　(四)

　　(2015·湖北)

　　请根据以下提示，并结合具体事例，用英语写一篇短文。

　　Questioning is a bridge to learning.When you begin to doubt something and search for an answer，you will learn.

　　注意：1.无须写标题；

　　2．除诗歌外，文体不限；

　　3．内容必须结合你生活中的具体事例；

　　4．文中不得透露个人姓名和学校名称；

　　5．词数不少于120，如引用提示语则不计入总词数。

　　(五)

　　(2015·江苏)

　　请阅读下面文字及图表，并按照要求用英语写一篇150词左右的文章。

　　1.The other day，a netizen 网民 shared a photo on Sina Weibo.It was about an old lady standing in front of a car that was on a bicycle lane，and insisting that it leave the track.The photo drew about 7，000 comments on the social media platform.Despite the thumbs­up 点赞 given to the old lady，some argued that attention should be paid to our heavy road traffic.

　　2.Some riders of e­bikes and bicycles come and go in all directions，ignoring traffic lights and other vehicles.Such rude riding contributes to the disorder of traffic.Thus the avoidable road accidents become unavoidable.

　　3.From 2005 to 2016，the total number of private cars in China rose sharply from 32 million to 154 million.Currently，China had 15% of the world’s total vehicles.

　　写作内容

　　1．用约30个单词概述上述信息的主要内容；

　　2．结合上述信息，简要分析导致交通问题的主要原因；

　　3．根据你的分析，从社会规范(rules and regulations)和个人行为两方面谈谈你得到的启示(不少于两点)。

　　写作要求

　　1．写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句；

　　2．作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；

　　3．不必写标题。

　　评分标准

　　内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。

　　提醒：完成作业　强化练(二十五)

　　二轮专题强化练

　　强化练(二十五)强化练(二十五)　书面表达

　　(建议用时：30分钟/篇)

　　[1]

　　(2015·泰州一模)

　　请阅读下面短文，并按要求用英语写一篇150词左右的文章。

　　If you logged on to Weibo，chances are that there is lots of news about the Ice Bucket Challenge videos.Many celebrities，including US President Barack Obama and Chinese actress Zhang Ziyi，have already taken the challenge.

　　The Ice Bucket Challenge—dump ice water on your head，post and tag yourself on social media and challenge others to do the same.Its initial objective was fund­raising and bringing awareness to the Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis(ALS) Association in the US.

　　But has it achieved anything?

　　The figures say it did.During the month of August,2016，in America alone，the ALS Association received over 98 million—a big jump compared to the 2.7 million donated during the same period last year.

　　But the Ice Bucket Challenge has its critics.It’s been very celebrity­orientated.Some people have obviously done it to raise their profile(关注度)．Charity has become big business.Pity they can’t let the cause speak for itself.

　　写作内容

　　1．用约30个词写出上文概要。

　　2．用约120个词发表你的观点，内容包括：

　　(1)支持或反对“冰桶挑战”；

　　(2)用2－3个理由或论据支撑你的观点。

　　写作要求

　　1．可以支持文中任一观点，但必须提供理由或论据；

　　2．阐述观点或提供论据时，不能直接引用原文语句；

　　3．作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；

　　4．不必写标题。

　　评分标准

　　内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。

　　[2]

　　(2015·扬州中学高三4月双周测)

　　请阅读下面短文，并按照要求用英语写一篇150词左右的文章。

　　Dear God，

　　Now that I am no longer young，I have friends whose mothers or/and fathers have passed away.I have heard these sons and daughters say they never fully appreciated their mothers or/and fathers until it was too late to tell them.

　　I am blessed with my dear mother and father who are still alive.I appreciate them more each day.My mother and father do not change，but I do.As I grow older and wiser，I realize what extraordinary people they are.How sad that I am unable to speak these words in their presence，but they flow easily from my pen.

　　How does a person begin to thank his mother or/and father for life itself？For the love，patience and just plain hard work that go into raising a child？For running after a baby，for understanding a moody teenager，for tolerating a college student who knows everything?

　　How does a person thank a mother or/and a father for continuing to be a mother or/and a father？For being ready with advice (when asked) or remaining silent when it is most appreciated？For not saying，“I told you so”，when she/he could have uttered these words dozens of times?

　　I don’t know how，dear God，except to bless her/him as richly as she/he deserves and to help me live up to the example she/he has set.I pray that I will look as good in the eyes of my children as my mother or/and father look(s) in mine.

　　A daughter

　　写作内容

　　1．用约30个单词概括上文的主要内容。

　　2．用约120个单词谈谈你阅读了该故事后的感受，内容包括：

　　(1)阅读上文之后的感想；

　　(2)感受父亲或(和)母亲关爱的一次难忘经历；

　　(3)如何报答父母。

　　写作要求

　　1．作文中可以使用亲身经历或虚构的故事，也可以参照阅读材料的内容，但不得直接引用原文中的句子；

　　2．作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；

　　3．不必写标题。

　　评分标准

　　内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。

　　[3]

　　(2015·南师附中、淮阴、海门、天一四校高三下学期开学联考)

　　请阅读下面短文，并按照要求用英语写一篇150词左右的文章。

　　“He who bears the greatest hardship becomes the greatest man.” This idiom shows Chinese people’s traditional belief in the vital role that hardship plays in a person’s life as they grow up.But today，as our lives have greatly improved，do we still need this so­called “hardship education”？

　　“We definitely do，” said Wang Weiqiong，mother of a 15­year­old girl in Jiangxi，“Many children take everything for granted，as they’ve never known how difficult it is to make money.”

　　Wang is not alone.According to a recent survey of 2,017 people done by China Youth Daily.81.8 percent of the interviewees supported hardship education including experiencing life in poor areas，outdoor training，taking part­time jobs，and doing housework.

　　Qiao Yu，from Tianjin Foreign Languages School，also supports the idea.“Hardship helps us grow and be prepared for the difficulties of society，”said the 18­year­old，who worked in a cake store this summer.

　　But while it contributes to students’ development，“hardship education shouldn’t be seen as simply making students suffer，” Sun Yunxiao，deputy director of the China Youth and Children Research Center told China Youth Daily.“It should follow teenagers’ growth.” Sun said that students could also do sports to learn to face difficulties，for doing sports can greatly strengthen their bodies and minds.

　　写作内容

　　1．用约30个词概括上文的主要内容。

　　2．用约120个词发表你对“吃苦教育”的看法，内容包括：

　　(1)你对“吃苦教育”概念的理解；

　　(2)支持或反对青少年进行“吃苦教育”，并给出2～3点理由。

　　写作要求

　　1．写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句；

　　2．作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；

　　3．不必写标题。

　　评分标准

　　内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。

　　[4]

　　假定你是李华。近来电子红包在中国正成为一种时尚。请给你的美国朋友Peter写一封信，介绍有关情况。要点包括：

　　1．红包特点；

　　2．时间、途径；

　　3．参与人群；

　　4．你的看法。

　　注意：1.词数150左右；

　　2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

　　参考词汇：电子红包e­hongbao

　　学生用书答案精析

　　第部分　书面表达

　　一、提纲类作文

　　真题体验

　　(一)

　　参考范文

　　Dear Mr or Mrs，

　　Having learned that you are holding an activity，in which we can share more books.So I want to join it.

　　I have also learned you have two ways to share the books.I have a preference for wild release，because it is very convenient for the other persons who want to read books.Besides，other persons can get the books they want and they have more free time to get them.

　　But there is something unclear for me，so I would appreciate it if you could give me more information.

　　Looking forward to your reply at your convenience.

　　Yours，

　　Li Hua

　　(二)

　　参考范文

　　Hi，Sharon，

　　This

　　is

　　Li

　　Xia.I

　　learned

　　from

　　your

　　post

　　that

　　you

　　want

　　to

　　improve

　　your

　　Mandarin.

　　I think I can help you with Mandarin.In my class my Mandarin is the best，and I won the first prize in a contest last month.Besides，I often teach my English teacher who comes from America Mandarin in my spare time.

　　If you want to speak Mandarin well.First，you should read more and watch more Chinese TV programmes.Second，you should often talk with Chinese so that you can improve your oral Chinese.In this way I think you can make great progress in your Mandarin.

　　I’m glad that you can also help me with my English.It is just what I want.We can communicate in both English and Chinese.I’m free on weekends，so we can contact at that time.I’m eager to improve my oral English.I think I can improve it with your help.

　　Looking forward to your early reply.

　　Li

　　Xia

　　(三)

　　参考范文

　　A

　　Famous

　　Chinese

　　I

　　Would

　　Like

　　to

　　Interview

　　The person I would like to interview is Yang Liwei.

　　I would really like to interview him because he is not only the first Chinese to go to space but also one of the greatest astronauts in the world.I have long been interested in space exploration and I believe I could learn a great deal from him about it.

　　If I could interview him，I would ask him what made him an astronaut and how he was trained.I would also like to know how he felt in space and whether space travel is such great fun as I have read.Finally，I would like to ask a few questions about his personal life，which must be very interesting.

　　二、图表、图画类作文

　　真题体验

　　(一)

　　参考范文

　　Last Tuesday，our class invited an old craftsman to teach us how to make dough figurines.

　　When the craftsman came into the classroom，we gave him a warm welcome and two boys helped him with the tool box.First，he showed us the basic steps and skills of making dough figurines.We stood around him and watched attentively.Then we started to have a try ourselves.The old man walked around and helped us patiently.Finally，we put the figurines we made on the table and took pictures with the old craftsman.Looking at the figurines，we were all very excited.

　　We hope we can have more activities of this kind!

　　(二)

　　参考范文

　　In

　　the

　　picture，we can see a boy in worn clothes，sitting at a shabby wooden table with a pile of books on it.A weak ray of light came in through a small hole in the wall and he was absorbed in his reading.

　　This is a well­known story from an ancient Chinese idiom.The boy，being poor，couldn’t afford even a candle，so he bored a hole in the wall to “steal” light from his neighbor’s house to read at night.The moral of the story is：spare no effort to acquire knowledge and never get discouraged easily no matter how difficult the situation may be.

　　Of course，things are totally different today.It is not the story itself but what is reflected in the story that counts.Hard work pays off.We should take pains to improve ourselves through learning and get prepared for the future.

　　三、应用类作文

　　真题体验

　　(一)

　　参考范文

　　Dear

　　Peter，

　　I’d like to ask you to write an article for our school’s English newspaper.

　　The “Foreign Cultures” section in our newspaper is very popular among us students.It carries articles written by foreign friends about the cultures of their home countries.Would you please write something about the culture in your part of the United States? And we would especially welcome articles about how Americans spend their holidays and festivals，and the life of American high school students.You can write anything relevant so long as it’s interesting and informative.400 words would be fine.Could we have your article before June 28?

　　I’m looking forward to hearing from you.

　　Yours，

　　Li Hua

　　(二)

　　参考范文

　　Dear Lucy，

　　I’d like to invite you to join us for a visit to the nearby nursing home next Saturday for the Double Ninth Festival.It is the day for the elderly in our culture.We’ll go and make dumplings and cakes with the elderly people there.We’ll also spend some fun time together singing，dancing and playing games，which we hope will make them happy.We should be back around 4 o’clock in the afternoon.If you are able to come with us，please let us know and we’ll wait for you at the school gate at 9 in the morning.

　　Looking

　　forward

　　to

　　your

　　reply.

　　Yours，

　　Li

　　Hua

　　(三)

　　参考范文

　　Dear

　　Jim，

　　I’m writing to tell you my exciting plan for the summer holiday.I want to join a Dragon Boat Training Camp.I wonder if you’d like to go with me.

　　This camp will open on July 20th.It offers teenagers，like you and me，a chance to enjoy sports and learn about Chinese culture.If you are interested in it，let me know and I’ll send you more information.

　　Hope to meet you at the training camp this summer.

　　Yours，

　　Li

　　Hua

　　(四)

　　参考范文

　　Dear

　　Chris，

　　I’m Li Jin，Chairman of the Student Union in Chenguang Middle School.Now I have a piece of good news to tell you.

　　Our school will donate 5,000 copies of different valuable books to your class，which include popular science books，classic works and so on.Popular science books explain basic principles of nature in a simple and interesting way and they can help you understand science subjects better and arouse your curiosity about scientific discoveries.Classic works present great thoughts through fascinating stories and language.They not only offer you joy and excitement，but also encourage you to think critically.

　　We will take these books to your school to take part in the summer camp in July this year.

　　If you have more needs，please let me know as soon as possible.

　　Yours，

　　Li

　　Jin

　　(五)

　　参考范文

　　Dear

　　Ms

　　Chen，

　　I’m

　　Li

　　Hua，a

　　student

　　from

　　Class

　　2，Grade

　　3. I am writing to apply for the volunteer position stated in your notice.

　　I think it’s a perfect opportunity for me to further develop my abilities.For the past two years，I have been an active participant of our national annual English festival and played an important role in it.As a diligent student in my class，I have a good knowledge of English and can express my thoughts and opinions clearly and fluently with foreigners.

　　In addition，I am an outgoing girl who has rich experience in organizing school activities.Once，I took part in a national hostess speaking contest on behalf of our school and won the first place.I would appreciate it if I am offered with an opportunity to display my talent.

　　Looking

　　forward

　　to

　　your

　　reply.

　　Yours

　　truly，

　　Li

　　Hua

　　四、开放、半开放类作文

　　真题体验

　　(一)

　　参考范文

　　Were I three years younger than I am now，I would strongly recommend that I set more practical and specific goals.As an old saying goes，“living without a clear and achievable aim is like sailing without a compass”．Compared with many abstract objectives，practical ones can bring us more courage and confidence whenever we make one step forward.If only I could go back and reset my goals.

　　(二)

　　参考范文1

　　When

　　I

　　Have

　　a

　　Different

　　Opinion

　　We may have different opinions in organizing class activities.We may have various ways to deal with such a situation.When I have a better idea，I would choose to stick to it.By doing so，I can not only share good ideas with others but also learn to express myself clearly.

　　Once we were discussing where to go for an outing.Most of my classmates wanted to go to a park while I had an idea of going to a nicer place.I managed to persuade my classmates into accepting my idea.We did have a good time that day.Good opinions are worth sticking to because they can benefit us all.

　　参考范文2

　　When

　　I

　　Have

　　a

　　Different

　　Opinion

　　We may have different opinions in organizing class activities.When I have a different opinion，I may choose to give it up and respect the opinion of the majority.

　　The main reason for my choice is that being brought up in a culture emphasizing collectivism，I tend to sacrifice my own interest for the group benefit.Once we were left to decide whether to have a picnic in a park or go to a museum.I would love to go to a museum，but most of my classmates wanted to go for a picnic.Without hesitation，I decided to follow them and we did have lots of fun that day.Sometimes giving up a little can mean getting more.

　　(三)

　　参考范文

　　As a student，I can tell you that there is nothing better than being praised by my teacher before my classmates.The reasons are as follows：firstly，it is an obvious sign that what I have done is appreciated by the teacher especially in public.My teacher may think I am excellent and I can do well in my study，which can make me more confident.Secondly，I will have enough motivation to make more progress in my study and many other things.Last but not least，everyone will be happy if praised，which is the common positive emotion that everybody likes to share.

　　Every coin has its two sides.Praise isn’t always good for us，and we might become much too proud of ourselves.

　　In conclusion，I like being praised，but I know sometimes it’s not always good.Praise should be carried out in a proper way.

　　(四)

　　参考范文

　　Questioning can lead to searching for an answer.If we are in the habit of raising doubts as to whether what we are told is true，we can find the correct answer and learn more.

　　Two years ago，our teacher offered us an answer to a difficult math problem in class.Although the answer seemed a little strange，nobody but I doubted it.Thinking that his solution might be wrong，I carefully analyzed the problem and tried to work it out in a different way.Half an hour later，I managed to find the correct answer.When I showed my answer to him，the teacher praised me for my independent thinking.

　　From this experience I have learned that questioning can serve as a bridge that helps us to seek the truth.

　　(五)

　　参考范文

　　The traffic issue is a hard nut to crack.It not only affects our everyday life，but may also threaten people’s lives.The three selections presented above are typical examples.

　　Quite a few things give rise to the traffic problem.In spite of the large­scale construction of roads and highways，there is still much room for improvement，because of the ever increasing number of cars these years.What’s worse，some drivers，cyclists and pedestrians do not think it vital to obey traffic rules.

　　In fact，traffic rules are part of the rules and regulations closely related to public order.Without them，people could not enjoy harmony or the country would be in chaos.But rules alone don’t secure an orderly society.It is the people who obey the rules that matter.It is everybody’s duty to observe them to keep our society in order and going on the right track.

　　二轮专题强化练答案精析

　　强化练(二十五)　书面表达

　　[1]

　　参考范文

　　The Ice Bucket Challenge，intended to help ALS patients，is simple：One pours a bucket of ice water over his or her head and then challenge others to do so.It leaves room for debate.

　　There is no denying that the challenge has raised people’s awareness of contributions to the ALS Association.But I’m not for this kind of practice because it has turned from a charitable activity into a show.Some celebrities just do it to gain popularity；some others participate in it just to follow the trend.Moreover，they don’t know how bad the ALS patients will feel when they watch those videos.Besides，it is a great waste of water since the world is facing another challenge—the water crisis.

　　In summary，charity should be about giving because it’s a worthwhile cause，so that I suggest we should take some other practical actions instead.

　　[2]

　　参考范文

　　A daughter writes to God recalling her unforgettable past about experiencing the love from her loving，thoughtful，patient and forgiving parents，deciding to follow her parents’ perfect example.

　　What a touching letter！Undoubtedly，we all have experienced parents’ love countless times during the process of our growth.It is they who keep，at all times，focusing their mind and energy on raising us，ensuring our life­long safety and happiness.

　　We are never short of such stories as parents’ love.As a child，once I felt terribly sick at midnight.Hearing this，my parents rose immediately and took me to the nearest hospital.Accompanying me by my bed，they didn’t even sleep a second the whole night.

　　We can never thank our parents enough.Never ever will I let them down from now on.Studying hard is the only way，in my opinion，to express my gratitude to them.Only in this way can I guarantee to live up to their expectations in the future.

　　[3]

　　参考范文

　　The Chinese have a traditional belief that hardships contribute to one’s growth.A recent survey shows that many parents and students support it，but some experts are opposed to it.

　　As is known，hardship education refers to all kinds of activities including community services，social practice，volunteer work and various sports，which allow teenagers to experience the difficulties of life and society，thus contributing to their growth.

　　In my eyes，with the fast development of our living standards，hardship education has become a must for the contemporary youth.For one thing，via hardship education，teenagers can enhance their overall quality such as courage and perseverance，and get better prepared for the future.For another thing，by participating in various activities，teenagers can build up their strength and develop surviving skills besides written knowledge.

　　To sum up，society，school and families should attach great importance to hardship education for all students.

　　[4]

　　参考范文

　　Dear Peter，

　　I’m writing to tell you something about e­hongbao，which is becoming popular in China.

　　E­hongbao is actually a kind of lucky money from and to relatives and friends during festivals or on special occasions.For many young people，grabbing e­hongbao on their mobile phones is a fairly common and exciting activity.Unlike the tradition of elders giving lucky money to children，over half of the people sending e­hongbao are in their twenties.It’s just for fun or giving best wishes，while the sum of money matters little.In a word，e­hongbao is bringing new color to the old tradition.

　　Nevertheless，I’m concerned about the safety of on­line payment.So rules and regulations need to be improved regarding the e­hongbao system to guarantee its operation.

　　Best wishes.

　　Yours，

　　Li Hua