2016届湖南长沙市高考英语二轮阅读理解训练（46）（含答案）

　　湖南长沙市2016高考英语（二轮）阅读理解训练（46）及答案

　　阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的A,B,C或D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

　　It's interesting to see how people make use of the time they spend on public transport in Indian cities like Delhi and Mumbai.

　　In crowded buses and trains people manage to take a short nap and some even reach the snoring stage.Or they spread out a newspaper over multiple knees and arms to read about the latest sport results or political crisis.

　　Then there are the experienced travellers who have been playing cards with the same group over the last decade or so.They even have their specific seats so well－worn that you can make out the shape of their backsides.

　　There is no doubt about it.Travelling by public transport is being in the thick of the seasons of life－a sweaty life in summer where people，blissfully unaware of the rivers of sweat running down their brows and inside their clothes.At the first smell of a perfumed man or woman boarding the stuffy bus or train，most people feel they are reborn.

　　During the rains you can't avoid getting wet or muddied.The windows，almost always，are not a perfect fit and if you're not drenched by a sudden，heavy rain shower then you are bound to catch a jet spray of muddy water caused by a fellow motorist driving fast through a puddle.

　　The rains are a perfect time for people to switch their old umbrellas for new ones.Since there are so many that look alike，it's impossible to tell whose is whose.

　　Winter is the time when it feels good－or at least warm—to be part of a crowd.It is amazing how much the collective breaths of a hundred or so people can raise the freezing temperature inside.Looking at the masses dressed in their bright red pullovers or green coats，it's fun to imagine what faces lie beneath their dark woolen hats.

　　The cold winter passes，making way for spring.It is impossible not to see every little flower by the wayside blooming proudly.And the warm sun manages to transmit some of their pleasantness to the inside of a bus or train.

　　Now，wouldn't it be perfect if we had public transport worth the name in all our cities?

　　【语篇解读】 普通的画面，平常的生活，变化的季节，永恒的旋律，印度的公共交通工具上每天都演绎着平凡人平淡的故事。

　　1．On Indian public transport，you can always expect to see people ________.

　　A．sleeping and reading newspapers

　　B．arguing and playing games

　　C．enjoying the view and playing cards

　　D．carrying umbrellas and whispering politely

　　解析　细节理解题。根据第二段中的内容可知在印度的公共交通工具上，可以看到人们在睡觉或者在看报纸。

　　答案　A2．According to the author what will make passengers feel refreshed when travelling in summer?

　　A．The cool evening breeze.

　　B．The rain pouring over their clothes.

　　C．The joy of a game of cards.

　　D．The sweet fragrance of a new passenger.

　　解析　细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句的内容可知，一位新乘客散发出的香味能让车上的乘客神清气爽，犹如重生。

　　答案　D．If you see people in colourful clothing and breathing heavily，you are probably travelling during the ________.

　　A．summer

　　B．rainy seasons

　　C．winter

　　D．spring

　　解析　推理判断题。根据倒数第三段中的内容可推知，当人们穿着各色衣服并且大口呼吸的时候，这里是”冬季”。

　　答案　C．We can infer from the passage that ________.

　　A．Indian people don't mind switching umbrellas with others

　　B．almost everyone in India wears perfume when they go out

　　C．the buses and trains are old and in poor conditions

　　D．Indian transport is the most crowded in the world

　　解析　推理判断题。结合第三段以及第五段中的内容可推知，公共汽车和火车都很破旧。

　　答案　C．What is the tune of language used in this passage?

　　A．Humourous.

　　B．Critical.

　　C．Frightening.

　　D．Concerned.

　　解析　推理判断题。文章生动形象地刻画了印度公共交通工具上的众生相，根据文章中的多处细节描写可知作者笔调“幽默”。后三项分别表示“批判的”“令人恐惧的”“担心的”，都不是本文的写作风格。

　　答案　A阅读理解阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。

　　When I was growing up, I had an old neighbor named Doctor Gibbs. He didn’t look like ally doctor I’d ever known. He never yelled at us for playing in his yard, but was always very kind.

　　When Doctor Gibbs wasn’t saving lives, he was planting trees.

　　He had some interesting theories about planting trees.

　　He believed in the principle. “No pains, no gains”. He hardly Watered his new trees, an attitude which flew in the face of conventional wisdom.

　　Once I asked why and he told me that watering plants spoiled them because it made them grow weaker. He said you had to make things tough for the trees so that only the strongest could survive. He talked about how watering trees made them develop shallow roots and how, if they were not watered, trees would grow deep roots in search of water. So, instead of watering his trees every morning, he’d beat them with a rolled-up newspaper. I asked him why he did that, and he said it was to get the tree’s attention.

　　Doctor Gibbs died a couple of years after I left home. Every now and then, I walked by his house and looked at the trees that I’d watched him plant some 25 years ago. They were tall and strong.

　　I planted a couple of trees myself a few years ago.

　　Two years of attending these trees meant they grew up weak. Whenever a cold wind blew, their branches trembled. Adversity seemed to benefit Doctor Gibb’s trees in ways that comfort and ease never could. Every night before I go to bed, I check on my two sons. I often pray that their lives will be easy. But lately I’ve been thinking that it’s time to change my prayer. I know my children are going to encounter hardship. There’s always a cold wind blowing somewhere. What we need to do is to pray for deep roots, so when the rains fall and the winds blow, we won’t be torn apart.

　　1. With the trees planted, Doctor Gibbs often _______.

　　A. heat them to attract neighbours’ attention

　　B. kept watering them every morning

　　C. talked to them to get their attention

　　D. paid little attention to them

　　2. What does the underlined word “Adversity” mean in the fifth paragraph?

　　A. Bad weather

　　B. Enough care or attention.

　　C. Difficult living conditions.

　　D. Lack of damp.

　　3. Which prayer does the author wish for his sons?

　　A. Have an easy life, without too much to worry about.

　　B. Be able to stand the rain and wind in their lives.

　　C. Have good luck, encountering less hardship in their life.

　　D. Meet people like Dr Gibbs in the future.

　　参考答案1—3、DCB

　　2016高考英语阅读理解集训

　　阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中，选出最佳选项。He was once referred to as the Picasso of poetry. Beloved by Chileans of all classes, he is one of the most widely read and respected poets in history. And this year is the 100th birthday of Pablo Neruda(1904—1973)．

　　Born with the name Neftali Ricardo Reyes Basolto, he was a tall, shy and lonely boy. He loved to read and started to write poetry when he was ten. The American poet Walt Whitman, whose framed picture Neruda later kept on his table, became a major influence on his work.

　　However, his father did not like the idea of having a poet for a son and tried to discourage him from writing. To cover up（掩饰） the publication of his first poem, he took the pen name Pablo Neruda.

　　In 1924 Neruda gained fame with his most widely read work “Twenty Love Poems and a Song of Despair”. Yet his rich experience as a diplomat and exile(流亡) made him go beyond the theme of love. His work also reflected the political struggle of the left and development of South America. He was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1971.

　　Neruda loved the sea which he saw as creative, destructive and forever moving. He found inspiration in the power and freedom of the waves and the seabirds on the coast. “I need the sea because it teaches me，” he wrote. “I move in the university of the waves.” He loved how the sea forever renewed itself, a renewal echoed in his work.

　　1.The underlined word “Picasso”can probably be replaced by“________”．

　　A．most important person

　　B．famous person from Picasso

　　C．freedom fighter in Picasso

　　D．poem fans.

　　2. Neftali Ricardo Reyes Basolto took the pen name Pablo Neruda because________.

　　A．literary greats usually used the pen name

　　B．his father encouraged him to use the name

　　C．he wanted to prevent his father knowing the publication

　　D．he was greatly influenced by other poets

　　3.

　　Which of the following is not the theme of his works?

　　A．Love.

　　B．Political struggle.

　　C．Social reform.

　　D．Development of South America.

　　4. The last paragraph mainly tells us________.

　　A．the sea gave Neruda vast writing inspiration

　　B．the beautiful scenery along the Chile coast

　　C．Neruda's poems were widely read overseas

　　D．Neruda loved to write his poems near the sea

　　参考答案1—4、ACCA

　　阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的A,B,C或D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

　　Below is a selection from a popular science book.

　　If blood is red，why are veins(静脉) blue?

　　Actually，veins are not blue at all.They are more of a clear，yellowish colour.Although blood looks red when it's outside the body，when it's sitting in a vein near the surface of the skin，it's more of a dark reddish purple colour.At the right depth，these blood­filled veins reflect less red light than the surrounding skin，making them look blue by comparison.

　　Which works harder，your heart or your brain?

　　That kind of depends on whether you're busy thinking or busy exercising.Your heart works up to three times harder during exercise，and shifts enough blood over a lifetime to fill a supertanker.But，in the long run，your brain probably tips it，because even when you're sitting still your brain is using twice as much energy as your heart，and it takes four to five times as much blood to feed it.

　　Why do teeth fall out，and why don't they grow back in grown­ups?

　　Baby (or “milk”) teeth do not last long；they fall out to make room for bigger，stronger adult teeth later on.Adult teeth fall out when they become damaged，decayed and infected by bacteria.Once this second set of teeth has grown in，you're done.When they're gone，they're gone.This is because nature figures you're set for life，and what controls regrowth of your teeth switches off.

　　Do old people shrink as they age?

　　Yes and no.Many people do get shorter as they age.But，when they do，it isn't because they're shrinking all over.They simply lose height as their spine(脊柱) becomes shorter and more curved due to disuse and the effects of gravity(重力)．Many (but not all) men and women do lose height as they get older.Men lose an average of 3­4 cm in height as they age，while women may lose 5 cm or more.If you live to be 200 years old，would you keep shrinking till you were，like 60 cm tall，like a little boy again？No，because old people don't really shrink！It is not that they are growing backwards—their legs，arms and backbones getting shorter.When they do get shorter，it's because the spine has shortened a little.Or，more often，become more bent and curved.

　　Why does spinning make you dizzy(眩晕的)?

　　Because your brain gets confused between what you're seeing and what you're feeling.The brain senses that you're spinning using special gravity­and­motion­sensing organs in your inner ear，which work together with your eyes to keep your vision and balance stable.But，when you suddenly stop spinning the system goes out of control，and your brain thinks you're moving while you're not!

　　Where do feelings and emotions come from?

　　Mostly from an ancient part of the brain called the limbic system.All mammals have this brain area—from mice to dogs，cats，and humans.So all mammals feel basic emotions like fear，pain and pleasure.But since human feelings also involve other，newer bits of the brain，we feel more complex emotions than any other animal on the planet.

　　If exercise wears you out，how can it be good for you?

　　Because our bodies adapt to everything we do to them.And as far as your body is concerned，it's “use it，or lose it”！It's not that exercise makes you healthy；it's more that a lack of exercise leaves your body weak and easily affected by disease.

　　1．What is the colour of blood in a vein near the surface of the skin?A．Blue.

　　B．Light yellow.

　　C．Red.

　　D．Dark reddish purple.

　　解析　细节理解题。根据第一个标题下的“...it's more of a dark reddish purple colour.”可知答案。

　　答案　D2．Why do some old people look a little shrunken as they age?

　　A．Because their spine is in active use.

　　B．Because they are more easily affected by gravity.

　　C．Because they keep growing backwards.

　　D．Because their spine becomes more bent.

　　解析　细节理解题。根据第四个标题下的“They simply lose height as their spine(脊柱) becomes shorter and more curved due to disuse and the effects of gravity(重力)．”可知，老年人变矮是因为脊柱收缩和弯曲造成的。

　　答案　D3．Which of the following statements about our brain is true?

　　A．In the long run，our brain probably works harder than our heart.

　　B．When our brain senses the spinning，we will feel dizzy.

　　C．The brains of the other mammals are as complex as those of humans.

　　D．Our feelings and emotions come from the most developed area in our brain.

　　解析　细节理解题。根据第二个标题下的第三句“But，in the long run，your brain...”可知答案为A项。此题最易误选B项，根据第五个标题下的最后一句可知，眩晕是由于 “你已经不动了，而你的大脑认为你还在动”的错觉引起的。

　　答案　A4．What is the main purpose of the selection?

　　A．To give advice on how to stay healthy.

　　B．To provide information about our body.

　　C．To challenge new findings in medical research.

　　D．To report the latest discoveries in medical science.

　　解析　写作意图题。考生易误选D项，但是在医学领域，概括失误。文章主要涉及我们身体的问题，包括身体的、情绪的等等。故选择B项较全面。

　　答案　BA,B,C或D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

　　There are plenty of good reasons to buy organic products, but nutrition may not be one of them, suggests a new study, which found no difference in antioxidant (抗氧化剂) levels between organically and conventionally (常规地) grown onions, carrots, and potatoes.

　　The study only looked at three types of vegetables and just a few select nutrients. But the experiment was part of a bigger project that was so systematic and strictly controlled that the findings likely apply to other crops, too.

　　“Giving preference to organic products because they contain more bioactive components is doubtful and not supported by scientific evidence,” Knuthsen said. “Still, there are many good reasons for the consumer to select organic food products, including absence of pesticide residues (农药残留) in foods, animal welfare, and environmental protections.”

　　Argument over whether organic produce is more nutritious than conventional varieties has been around for at least a decade, said Jeffrey Blumberg, director of the Antioxidants Research Laboratory at Tufts University in Boston. “Some studies have suggested that organically grown plants contain higher levels of healthful antioxidants, possibly because some antioxidants act as natural fungicides (杀真菌剂), pesticides and insecticides,” he said. “The idea is that, without help from industrial chemicals, plants on organic farms need to work harder to protect themselves. They end up becoming more nutritious as a result.” But plenty of other studies have shown no such relationship.

　　“I understand that organic farmers would love to be able to say that theirs are super-fruits and super-vegetables because there are higher amounts of these compounds in them,” Blumberg said. “If you want to buy them because you think they’re safer for the planet to grow things that way, or because you think pesticides are bad for you or your family, or you like that they come from a shorter distance away, that’s great.”

　　“But if you want to buy them because they’re more nutritious, you’re confused, and we don’t know if that’s true or not.”

　　1. The new study proves that　.

　　A. there are plenty of good reasons to buy organic produce

　　B. nutrition is one of the good reasons to buy organic produce

　　C. some organically and conventionally grown foods have the same antioxidant levels

　　D. organic produce is harmful to our health

　　2. Why do people prefer organic products?

　　A. Because they think organic products have no bioactive components.

　　B. Because scientific evidence supports organic products can make them stronger.

　　C. Because it’s proved that organic produce is more nutritious than conventional varieties.

　　D. Because they think organic food products have no harmful things.

　　3. The fourth paragraph mainly tells us　.

　　A. it’s unclear whether organic produce is more nutritious than conventional varieties

　　B. organically grown plants contain higher levels of healthful antioxidants

　　C. plants on organic farms need to work harder to protect themselves

　　D. plenty of other studies have shown no such relationship

　　4. Which is NOT the reason for you to buy organic products according to Blumberg?

　　A. There are higher amounts of these compounds in them.

　　B. They’re safer for the planet to grow things that way.

　　C. Pesticides are bad for you or your family.

　　D. They are more nutritious.

　　【参考答案】1—4、CDAD