2016届高考英语二轮精品课件：第3部分 阅读理解 专题3 主旨大意类

　　My mother’s call returned me to the real world.I suddenly realized something: I had read a book,and I had loved reading that book.Everyone knew I could not read.But I had read it. Books could be incredibly wonderful and I was going to read them.

　　I never told my mother about my “miraculous” (奇迹般的) experience that summer,but she saw a slow but remarkable improvement in my classroom performance during the next year.And years later,she was proud that her son had read thousands of books,was awarded a PhD in literature,and authored his own books,articles,poetry and fiction.The power of the words has held. 5.The author’s mother told him to borrow a book in order to

　　　. 

　　A.encourage him to do more walking

　　B.let him spend a meaningful summer

　　C.help cure him of his reading problem

　　D.make him learn more about weapons 答案及剖析: 5.C　细节理解题。第一段末句提到This was one more weapon for her to defeat my strange problem—inability to read.,即作者的妈妈让他去借一本书,是想攻克他阅读障碍的问题,C项所述符合题干要求。A项“鼓励他多走路”、B项“让他度过一个有意义的夏天”、D项“让他学到更多关于武器的知识”均为干扰项。 6.The book caught the author’s eye because　. 

　　A.it contained pretty pictures of animals

　　B.it reminded him of his own dog

　　C.he found its title easy to understand

　　D.he liked children’s stories very much 答案及剖析: 6.B　推理判断题。根据第二段的内容可以得知,这本书吸引作者的地方首先是封面一只比格犬的图片,这让作者想起了自己曾经拥有的与之类似的比格犬。B项所述符合题干要求。文中未提到书中包含了很多精美的动物图片,故A项错误;文中未提及书的题目易懂,故C项错误;D项“他很喜欢儿童故事”也并未在文中提及。 7.Why could the author manage to read the book through?()

　　A.He was forced by his mother to read it.

　　B.He identified with the story in the book.

　　C.The book told the story of his pet dog.

　　D.The happy ending of the story attracted him. 答案及剖析: 7.B　推理判断题。文中第二、三、四段的内容主要叙述了作者的一次经历与书中故事内容惊人的一致,即B项“他把书中的故事等同于自己的经历了”,因此他能够设法读完这本书,故选择B项。文中未提及作者妈妈的逼迫,故A项错误;故事中的比格犬与被送人的作者的比格犬类似,但描述的不是作者的比格犬,故C项错误;D项“故事圆满的结局吸引了他”并不是作者设法读完故事的原因。 8.What can be inferred from the last paragraph?()

　　A.The author has become a successful writer.

　　B.The author’s mother read the same book.

　　C.The author’s mother rewarded him with books.

　　D.The author has had happy summers ever since. 答案及剖析: 8.A　推理判断题。根据末段的倒数第二句话...she was proud that her son...authored his own books...可以得知,作者的妈妈对自己的儿子读了很多书、创作出版了自己写的书、文章、诗歌和小说等感到很自豪,由此可以推知,作者成为了一名成功的作家,A项所述符合题干要求。B项“作者的妈妈读了同样一本书”、C项“作者的妈妈奖励给他书”、D项“作者自那之后度过了很多快乐的夏天”均为干扰项。 9.Which one could be the best title of the passage?()

　　A.The Charm of a Book B.Mum’s Strict Order

　　C.Reunion with My Beagle D.My Passion for Reading 答案及剖析: 9.A　主旨大意题。本文主要叙述了作者因一本书而改变了自己的阅读习惯,逐渐克服了阅读障碍,并最终成为一名成功作家的故事。A项“一本书的魅力”符合全文主旨。B项“妈妈的严加管教”、C项“与比格犬的团圆”、D项“我对阅读的热爱”均不符合全文主旨。 语篇解读:本文是一篇记叙文。作者小时候阅读能力很差。一次,作者无意间发现了一本其内容与作者自己的一次经历大致相同的书,不经意间把它读完,其人生也由此发生了很大改变。 【读写一体练】 改错: 1.I sat down on the floor and pull a few books off the shelf at

　　random.

　　  剖析:and是并列连词,连接并列成分,其前面的谓语动词是一般过去时,后面的并列谓语也应用一般过去时。 2.In the end of the story,my mind continued the final scene of

　　reunion...

　　  剖析:in the end最后,终于;at the end of在……的末尾。 主题型主旨归纳题 The main idea (central idea) of the passage is... The passage is mainly about... The passage mainly discusses... The passage is concerned primarily about... What is the discussion mainly about? Which of the following statements can best summarize/sum up the main idea of the passage? Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the passage? What is the passage/text mainly about? 专题三　主旨大意类 设问方式 1. 标题型主旨归纳题 The best title for the passage might be... Which of the following titles best summarizes the main idea of the passage? What can be a suitable title for the text? What can/might be the best title for the text/the passage? 目的型主旨归纳题 The author’s main purpose in writing the passage is to... The passage is meant to... The author’s purpose is to show... The purpose of the article is to... What does the author want to tell us? What is the main purpose of the passage? 2. 3. 考点一 主旨大意题 【典例】

　　(2015重庆,C片段) Join the discussion... Lakelander　

　　·2 hours ago

　　Today,a man talked very loud on his phone on a train between Malvern and Reading,making many passengers upset.I wonder how he would react if I were to read my newspaper out loud on the train.I have never had the courage to do it,though. Pak50　

　　·57 minutes ago

　　Why not give it a try?Perhaps you should take lessons on a musical instrument.The late musician Dennis Brain is said to have asked a fellow train passenger to turn off his radio.When his request was refused,he took out his French horn (号) and started to practise. Angie O’Edema　

　　·42 minutes ago

　　I don’t see how musical instruments can help improve manners in public.Don’t do to others what you wouldn’t like to be done to yourself.Once,a passenger next to me talked out loud on his mobile phone.I left my seat quietly,giving him some privacy to finish his conversation.He realised this and apologised to me.When his phone rang again later,he left his seat to answer it.You see,a bit of respect and cooperation can do the job better. Taodas　

　　·29 minutes ago

　　I did read my newspaper out loud on a train,and it turned out well.The guy took it in good part,and we chatted happily all the way to Edinburgh. Sophie76　

　　·13 minutes ago

　　I have not tried reading my newspaper out loud on a train,but,several years ago,I read some chapters from Harry Potter to my bored and noisy children.Several passengers seemed to appreciate what I did. 46.What is the discussion mainly about?

　　A.How to react to bad behavior.

　　B.How to kill time on a train.

　　C.How to chat with strangers.

　　D.How to make a phone call. 剖析:A　主旨大意题。本文针对一个人在火车上用手机通话时声音太大的行为展开讨论,主要讨论面对不良行为人们应该做出什么反应。bad behavior与talked very loud对应,Lakelander发帖中的react在A项中再次出现。 名师在线

　　主题句是文章的核心,它往往是一个有很强概括性和代表性的句子。找到了文章的主题句,文章的中心思想也就显而易见了。 1.主题句位于首段:其特点是开门见山地提出论点,再分别说明。 2.主题句位于尾段:其特点是归纳式,即细节在前,概括在后。 3.主题句,位于中间段落:其特点是引出话题→论述主题→解释。了解这

　　一特点有利于考生根据文章开头和结尾的内容进行综合推理。

　　若文章无主题句,考生可以依据文中的事实、细节、观点,归纳出文章

　　的主题。 4.主题句通常具有下面一些特征:

　　(1)举例子的句子不是主题句,前后句可能是主题句。

　　(2)问句不是主题句,回答句可能是主题句。

　　(3)首段转折处常为文章的主题句。

　　(4)主题句常包含文章的主题词。 (5)主题句常包含主次之分的表达(A rather than B等)。 (6)主题句常包含时间提示词(recently,today等)。 (7)定义型的句子(be called as,be known as,is,are等)。 (8)强调型的句子(stress,focus等)。 (9)总结型的句子(research indicates,study suggests等)。 考点二 文章标题题 【典例】

　　(2015新课标全国Ⅱ,B片段)

　　Your house may have an effect on your figure.Experts say the way you design your home could play a role in whether you pack on the pounds or keep them off.You can make your environment work for you instead of against you.Here are some ways to turn your home into part of your diet plan.

　　Open the curtains and turn up the lights.Dark environments are more likely to encourage overeating,for people are often less self-conscious(难为情) when they’re in poorly lit places-and so more likely to eat lots of food.If your home doesn’t have enough window light,get more lamps and flood the place with brightness. Mind the colors.Research suggests warm colors fuel our appetites.In one study,people who ate meals in a blue room consumed 33 percent less than those in a yellow or red room.Warm colors like yellow make food appear more appetizing,while cold colors make us feel less hungry.So when it’s time to repaint,go blue.

　　Don’t forget the clock-or the radio.People who eat slowly tend to consume about 70 fewer calories (卡路里) per meal than those who rush through their meals.Begin keeping track of the time,and try to make dinner last at least 30 minutes.And while you’re at it,actually sit down to eat.If you need some help slowing down,turn on relaxing music.It makes you less likely to rush through a meal.

　　Downsize the dishes.Big serving bowls and plates can easily make us fat.We eat about 22 percent more when using a 12-inch plate instead of a 10-inch plate.When we choose a large spoon over a smaller one,total intake(摄入) jumps by 14 percent.And we’ll pour about 30 percent more liquid into a short,wide glass than a tall,skinny glass. 8.What can be a suitable title for the text?

　　A.Is Your House Making You Fat?

　　B.Ways of Serving Dinner

　　C.Effects of Self-Consciousness

　　D.Is Your Home Environment Relaxing? 剖析:A　标题归纳题。本文主要介绍了墙壁的颜色、房间的亮度、吃饭的速度以及吃饭时使用的器皿大小等都与一个人的身材有关。因此A项“你的房子正让你发胖吗?”最适合做文章标题。B项“提供正餐的方式”,C项 “自我意识的作用”,D项“你家的环境令人放松吗?”,均与本文的主题不符。 名师在线 1.标题特征

　　(1)概括性。文章的标题能最大程度地概括全文,直接指向文章的主

　　要内容,体现文章主旨。

　　(2)醒目性。标题要能吸引读者的注意力,唤起读者对文章的阅读兴

　　趣。标题是文章的点睛之笔,是文章的灵魂,要简洁、突出、新

　　颖。标题的好坏往往影响读者阅读的兴趣。读者一般会通过阅读

　　标题来取舍文章,故标题要醒目,以吸引读者的注意力。 2.标题的归纳方式

　　要做好标题归纳题,还需要了解标题的归纳方式。一般来说,标题的

　　归纳方式是:以话题为核心,将控制性概念的词按一定的语法原则浓

　　缩为概括主题句句意或中心思想的词组。

　　比如某文章的中心句子为:Coffee is a universal beverage that

　　is served in different ways around the world. 话题:Coffee 控制性概念:is a universal beverage that is served in different ways around the world 标题:Coffee Around the World 注意,做此类题时,要避免下列三种错误: (1)概括不够(多表现为部分替代整体,从而导致范围太小); (2)过度概括(多表现为人为扩大范围); (3)以事实、细节替代文章大意。 考点三 写作目的题 【典例】

　　(2015重庆,B片段)

　　In ancient Egypt,a shopkeeper discovered that he could attract customers to his shop simply by making changes to its environment.Modern businesses have been following his lead,with more tactics (策略).

　　One tactic involves where to display the goods.For example,stores place fruits and vegetables in the first section.They know that customers who buy the healthy food first will feel happy so that they will buy more junk food (垃圾食品) later in their trip.In department stores,the women’s shoe section is generally next to the women’s cosmetics (化妆品) section:while the shop assistant is going back to find the right size shoe,bored customers are likely to wander over and find some cosmetics they might want to try later.

　　Besides,businesses seek to appeal to customers’ senses.Stores notice that the smell of baked goods encourages shopping,so they make their own bread each morning and then fan the bread smell into the store throughout the day.Music sells goods,too.Researchers in Britain found that when French music was played,sales of French wines went up.

　　When it comes to the selling of houses,businesses also use highly rewarding tactics.They find that customers make decisions in the first few seconds upon walking in the door,and turn it into a business opportunity.A California builder designed the structure of its houses smartly.When entering the house,the customer would see the Pacific Ocean through the windows,and then the pool through an open stairway leading to the lower level.The instant view of water on both levels helped sell these $10 million houses. 43.What is the main purpose of the passage?

　　A.To explain how businesses turn people into their customers.

　　B.To introduce how businesses have grown from the past.

　　C.To report researches on customer behavior.

　　D.To show dishonest business practices. 剖析:A　目的意图题。文章的第一段就点明了主题。本文主要介绍的是商家是通过哪些手段把人们变成顾客的。因此答案选A。文章虽然提到了古埃及,但并不是介绍商家是如何从过去发展而来的,因此B项不对;文章主要聚焦在商家的一些做法上,因此C项有误;D项的dishonest一词与全文的基调不一致,文章只是客观介绍,并没有暗示商家不诚实。 名师在线

　　每篇文章都有一个特定的写作目的,而这些信息通常并不是明确表达出来的,而是隐含在文章之中。因此,这类问题要求学生在理解文章总体内容的基础上,去领会作者的言外之意。不同的文章可能有不同的写作目的,但写作目的通常有以下三种:(1)to entertain readers(娱乐读者,让人发笑);(2)to persuade readers(说服读者接受某种观点);(3)to inform readers(告知读者某些信息) 考点四 段落大意题 【典例】

　　(2015四川,C片段)

　　The study shows mothers matter all year long and not just on Mother’s Day.The emotional,physical and mental energy mothers devote to their children can be never-ending,but children are also sources of great joy and happiness.Investing(投入)in time for parenting and raising relationships is money well spent. 40.What is stressed in the last paragraph?

　　A.Mothers’ importance shows in family all year long.

　　B.The sacrifices mothers make are huge but worthwhile.

　　C.Mothers’ devotion to children can hardly be calculated.

　　D.Investing time in parenting would bring a financial return. 剖析:B　段落大意题。根据The emotional,physical and mental energy mothers devote to their children can be never-ending,but children are also sources of great joy and happiness.Investing (投入) in time for parenting and raising relationships is money well spent.可以得知,母亲们对孩子的付出是无止境的,但是孩子也是母亲们快乐和幸福的源泉,因此母亲们的牺牲虽然巨大,但是值得,故正确答案为B项。 名师在线

　　段落大意即某一段的中心思想,一般体现在某个句子(即主题句)中,主题句具有明显的概括性,句子结构简单,段落中其他句子均用来解释、支撑或扩展主题句所表述的主题思想。主题句通常位于段首,但也可位于段尾、段中或者段首段尾前后呼应。把握好段落的主题句是解答此类题的关键。 对点训练 (　A　)

　　(2015福建,E)

　　Group exercise is one of the most effective ways to improve physical fitness and sustain(保持)a healthy lifestyle.Group exercise is challenging,yet fun and empowering!Of course everyone knows that exercise is good for the body.However,studies have shown that when exercise is performed in groups,it’s not only great for improving physical health but for psychological health.It’s an opportunity to be social,release endorphins(内啡肽),and improve your strength.Additionally,group exercise creates a community feel and the shared common goal motivates participants to work hard.The instrumental support of taking on a fitness journey with others proves more effective than going to the gym alone.

　　Another beneficial aspect of group exercise is the informational support participants receive from the instructor.Many people fear the gym because they feel lost and don’t want to embarrass themselves.If you feel you can relate,then group training is an even better option for you.It’s a great opportunity to learn more about fitness through the clear instruction and supervision(监管)of a fitness instructor.If you’re tired of wandering around the gym wasting time and becoming bored,you can attend an upbeat group fitness class that’ll keep your workout on track.Don’t let fitness frighten you!

　　If you’re serious about wanting to live a healthy lifestyle,it’s extremely important to surround yourself with people who’ll provide you with the proper emotional support.I wouldn’t scold anyone for deciding to party on weekends and in turn I wouldn’t expect anyone to give offence to me for focusing on my health.Surround yourself with people who uplift,encourage and understand you!Make fitness even more fun by trying something new or any group fitness class,with a friend.Plan to go for a jog together.Then try a fun healthy restaurant or fresh juice bar!Fitness can be both fun and social!

　　Surrounding yourself with people who’ll provide you with respect support can be very beneficial while working towards reaching health and fitness goals.First,decide to do it for yourself and work towards staying positive.Then make sure the people you surround yourself with are supportive.Don’t let negativity ruin your motivation. 1.The first paragraph focuses on . 

　　A.the greatest challenge of group exercise

　　B.the most effective way to improve physical fitness

　　C.the contribution of group exercise to psychological health

　　D.the shared common goal in performing exercise in groups 答案及剖析: 1.C　推理判断题。第一段的开头部分讲了群体锻炼是增进身体健康最有效的方式之一(B项内容),而且群体锻炼具有挑战性(A项内容),后面也提到共同的目标能激励参与者努力锻炼(D项内容),但是这些都是指群体锻炼对身体健康的益处。由第一段中的关键词语However(表转折),not only...but...以及Additionally后的内容可知,本段的重点是but后面的内容,即群体锻炼对于心理健康很有好处。故选C项。 2.The underlined word “upbeat” in the second paragraph

　　probably means “”. 

　　A.cheerful

　　B.average

　　C.serious D.temporary 答案及剖析: 2.A　词义猜测题。由前半句If you’re tired of wandering...and becoming bored可知,参加upbeat的群体能让你不懈怠或者不厌倦,故upbeat意为“精神振奋的”,这与选项中的cheerful同义。故选A项。average普通的,平均的;serious严肃的,认真的;temporary临时的,暂时的。 3.When it comes to emotional support,the author thinks it

　　necessary . 

　　A.to sustain a colorful lifestyle

　　B.to party on weekends with positive people

　　C.to try a fun healthy restaurant regularly

　　D.to surround yourself with supportive people 答案及剖析: 3.D　细节理解题。由倒数第二段的第一句...it’s extremely important to surround yourself with people who’ll provide you with the proper emotional support.可知D项正确。 4.What would be the best title for the passage?

　　A.Seeking Support

　　B.Supporting Health

　　C.Improving Your Strength D.Building Up Fitness 语篇解读:本文是一篇说明文,主要讲述了参加群体锻炼的多种益处。群体锻炼不但对身体健康有益,而且对心理健康也有好处。你不相信吗?快来读一下这篇文章吧! 答案及剖析: 4.B　标题归纳题。综观全文可知,本文主要阐述了参加群体锻炼的益处,它不仅仅体现在身体方面,还体现在精神(心理)方面,这恰恰与B项的含义契合。所以选B项。 【读写一体练】 1.改错:Group exercise is one of the most effective way to

　　improve physical fitness and sustain a healthy lifestyle.

　　  剖析:one of后面接名词的复数形式表示“……之一”。 2.仿写:However,studies have shown that when exercise is

　　performed in groups,it’s not only great for improving

　　physical health but for psychological health.

　　如果这个项目失败,不仅会影响到我们部门,还会对整个机构产生影响。

　　If this project fails it will affect 　

　　　,

　　the whole organization.  答案:not only our department,but also (　B　)

　　(2015天津,C) One day when I was 12,my mother gave me an order: I was to walk to the public library,and borrow at least one book for the summer.This was one more weapon for her to defeat my strange problem-inability to read.

　　In the library,I found my way into the “Children’s Room”.I sat down on the floor and pulled a few books off the shelf at random.The cover of a book caught my eye.It presented a picture of a beagle.I had recently had a beagle,the first and only animal companion I ever had as a child.He was my secret sharer,but one morning,he was gone,given away to someone who had the space and the money to care for him.I never forgot my beagle.

　　There on the book’s cover was a beagle which looked identical(相同的) to my dog.I ran my fingers over the picture of the dog on the cover.My eyes ran across the title,Amos,the Beagle with a Plan.Unknowingly,I had read the title.Without opening the book,I borrowed it from the library for the summer.

　　Under the shade of a bush,I started to read about Amos.I read very,very slowly with difficulty.Though pages were turned slowly,I got the main idea of the story about a dog who,like mine,had been separated from his family and who finally found his way back home.That dog was my dog,and I was the little boy in the book.At the end of the story,my mind continued the final scene of reunion,on and on,until my own lost dog and I were,in my mind,running together.