2016届高考英语二轮精品课件：第6部分 书面表达 专题2 图画（图表）类

　　一、图画类

　　图画类书面表达主要是以图画为载体,附带少量文字提示或说明,要求学生从观察入手,通过对画面所含信息的理解,发挥想象力,按照一定的要求把图画内容准确、生动地加工成书面语言的形式。这种形式要求考生具有一定的观察能力、推理能力和语言组织能力。

　　最近几年的高考图画类书面表达提供的情景有单幅图画、双幅图画或连环图画。大多配有简洁的文字以说明图画或图片的主题或说明试题的写作要求。这类写作为学生提供了充分发挥自由想象的空间,突出了对创新意识和发散思维能力的考查。

　　图画类书面表达就形式而言以漫画为主。漫画是一种夸张变形的艺术表现形式。主要有两种类型:一种是褒贬型漫画,其中以贬义型最为常见,也就是我们所熟悉的讽刺型漫画;而另一类就是哲理型漫画,即以形象或抽象的图画引发读者哲理性思考。图画类书面表达的写作类型有以下几种: 名师课堂 专题二　图画(图表)类

　　1.解说型:一般根据图画设计说明性文体,要求对图画进行说明、 解析。

　　2.描述型:对画面所表现的内容进行联想和想象,融合自己的“创作”,并将所构想的故事叙述出来。

　　3.评判型:对褒贬型图画所反映的社会现象进行评判。图画类书面表达,关键是要全面正确地理解图画的内容,因为立意拟题都离不开对图画的正确理解。 二、图表类

　　图表类书面表达往往给考生提供一份统计图表和简单的文字表述,让考生根据统计图表所提供的数据,结合文字提示及试题的注意事项或要求,写一篇说明一种事实或反映一种现象的短文。图表中的数据信息往往较多,写作时不能把各种数据都写出来。首先要读懂其中的符号和数字所代表的意思;其次,从图表的整体着手,认真分析各项数据,抓住其主要特征,弄懂它们所揭示的规律;然后归纳出主题。有时,试题给出了短文的题目,等于为考生点明了主题。

　　图表类作文形式:1.以表格形式,将统计的数据或被说明的事物直接用表格形式体现出来,即统计表。2.以图形形式,可分为:a.以曲线形式表示数据变化的线形图;b.以条形方式表示数据的大小或数量之间的差异;c.以圆内扇形的大小表示总体内部结构变化的圆形图。 三、写作特点

　　图画、图表类书面表达写作文体形象、直观,内容具体,且一般还附有文字说明。题材以贴近现实生活为主,因此学生一般都有话可写,不会跑题。此类题型的体裁比较广泛,可以是记叙文,将图画、图表中所表达的信息完整地记录下来;也可以是说明文,根据图画、图表从时间、步骤、过程等方面加以解释、说明;还可以是议论文,针对图画、图表中所表现出来的一般现象,加以议论,得出结论,提出解决问题的办法。 四、写作技巧 1.针对此类题型,应仔细研读图画、图表及文字说明,确定文章体裁。 2.确定人称。若以日记、回忆录等形式来写,一般采用第一人称;若以讲

　　故事的形式来写,一般采用第三人称。 3.确定时态。根据图画、图表内容及所采用的文章体裁,确定文章所要使

　　用的时态。 4.发挥联想。这类文章一般要求进行适度合理的联想和发挥,以便使上下

　　文能更好地连贯起来。 5.虚实结合,详略得当。对于图画、图表中的内容,要注意详略得当。如

　　图画中所出现的时间、图表中的数字要一词不漏地写清楚,而有些过程

　　或原因则可适当简略。 五、写作模板:

　　图画类书面表达三段式模板:

　　描述图画

　　As is vividly shown in the picture above,...

　　The picture tells us that...

　　解释、说明和分析图画

　　The implied meaning of the picture should be taken into account seriously.First/To begin with,(揭示涵义/原因/结果1).Second/What’s more,(揭示涵义/原因/结果2).Last but not least/Finally,(揭示涵义/原因/结果3 ).And the social problem (如果是现象的话可以用phenomenon) has aroused the great concern/care of our whole society/world/all the people.

　　给出自己的看法或想法以及解决问题的办法

　　In my view/point of view(or As for me),we should take some measures as follows to deal with the problem shown in the picture.First,we should(具体的措施1).And then we have to/must(具体的措施2).Only in this way can we solve the problem of (具体的问题).

　　柱状图、曲线图、数字表格、饼状图等图表类写作通用模板(三段式): As is shown by the figure/percentage in the table/picture, has been on the rise/decrease,significantly/dramatically rising/decreasing from 数字1 in ××年 to 数字2 in ××年.From this sharp rise/decline in the chart,it goes without saying that 根据数字变化得出的结论.  There are at least two good reasons accounting for要分析的现象.On the one hand,原因1.On the other hand,原因2 is due to the fact that 要分析的现象.In addition,原因3 is responsible for 要分析的现象. As far as I am concerned,I hold the point of view that 作者的观点或解决办法.I am sure my opinion is both sound and well-grounded. 温馨提示:从近几年高考的统计情况来看,传统的以柱状图、曲线图、数字表格和饼状图等考查书面表达的形式越来越少,2016年和2016年均没涉及。但是,从备考的角度来说,不打无准备之仗为上策。 【典例1】 图画类

　　(2015福建)

　　请阅读下面图画,按要求用英语写一篇词数为120左右的短文。内容要求:

　　1.描述画面;

　　2.概述其含义;

　　3.谈谈个人感想。 注意: 1.短文开头已给出,不计入总词数; 2.可适当发挥,使文章内容充实、行文连贯; 3.文中不能出现考生的具体信息。 参考词汇:凿,钻:bore In the picture,

　　  思路点拨:

　　本文属于图画类作文。题目要求根据“凿壁偷光”的图画描述画面,概述其意义并谈谈个人感想。根据要求,可分三段去写,涵盖如下要点:

　　1.描述画面;

　　2.概述画面所讲故事的含义;

　　3.谈谈个人感想。

　　图画类书面表达要求考生理解并把握画面所包含的有效信息,再根据这些信息谋篇布局。除了能表达清楚图画中的信息外,考生还需要根据词数要求,适当加以拓展,使文章叙述充实、生动。描述图画所讲故事可以用一般过去时,概述画面所讲故事的含义以及谈论个人感想要用一般现在时;人称用第一、第三人称。 一句多译: 1.这个男孩儿因为贫穷,买不起蜡烛,于是在墙壁上钻了一个洞,“偷”

　　邻居家的灯光以便晚上读书。

　　①

　　②

　　③

　　  参考答案: 1.①The poor boy couldn’t afford even a candle,so he bored a hole in the wall to “steal” light from his neighbor’s house to read at night. ②The boy,who was poor,couldn’t afford even a candle,so he bored a hole in the wall to “steal” light from his neighbor’s house to read at night. ③The boy,being poor,couldn’t afford even a candle,so he bored a hole in the wall to “steal” light from his neighbor’s house to read at night. 2.重要的不是故事本身而是它所反映的内容。

　　①

　　②

　　③

　　  参考答案: 2.①The story itself doesn’t count,but what is reflected in the story does. ②Not the story itself but what is reflected in the story counts. ③It is not the story itself but what is reflected in the story that counts. 参考范文:

　　In the picture,we can see a boy in ①worn clothes,②sitting at a ①shabby wooden table with a pile of books on it.A weak ray of light came in through a small hole in the wall and he ③was absorbed in his reading.

　　This is a well-known story from an ancient Chinese idiom.The boy,②being poor,couldn’t afford even a candle,so he bored a hole in the wall to “steal” light from his neighbor’s house to read at night.The moral of the story is: ③spare no effort to acquire knowledge and never get discouraged easily ④no matter how difficult the situation may be.

　　Of course,things are totally different today.④It is not the story itself but what is reflected in the story that counts. Hard work ③pays off.We should ③take pains to improve ourselves through learning and ③get prepared for the future.  名师点评:本文主题突出,要点齐全,结构紧凑,段落清晰,层次分明,行文连贯,用词准确,句式多变,语言生动,不失为一篇优秀范文。 ①用词精准,并多变换,如worn clothes中的worn和shabby wooden table中的shabby;②非谓语动词特别是动词-ing形式的运用显示出了作者良好的语言基本功;③大量短语的使用增加了语言的感染力,提升了表达档次,增加了得分亮点,如be absorbed in,spare no effort,pay off,take pains to do sth.,get prepared for等;④让步状语从句和强调句型的使用提升了句式的难度和档次,表明了作者娴熟驾驭高级句式的能力。 【典例2】 图表类

　　(2016新课标全国Ⅰ)

　　假定你是李华,计划暑假期间去英国学习英语,为期六周。下面的广告引起了你的注意,请给该校写封信,询问有关情况(箭头所指内容)。 注意:1.词数100左右。 2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。 3.参考词汇:住宿—accommodation

　　  思路点拨:

　　本文为图表类半开放式作文,是应用文书信形式。要求根据图表中广告的英语提示,给广告学校写封信,询问有关暑假期间去英国学习英语的情况,要合理取材,适当发挥。 本文的写作要点: 1.自我介绍,引入主题。 2.根据图表提示询问该校有关暑期英语课程的情况,包括开课时间、班级容量、每周课时、学费和住宿安排。 本文以一般现在时态为主,人称用第一人称。 一句多译: 1.另外,我希望班上学生不要太多。

　　①

　　②

　　  2.我还想知道学费是多少,是否包括住宿费。

　　①

　　②

　　参考答案: 1.①Besides,I hope there won’t be too many students in a class. ②Besides,I wish there would not be too many students in a class. 2.①I’d also like to know how much the fees are and whether accommodation is included. ②I’d also like to know how much I have to pay for the course and whether accommodation is included. 参考范文: Dear Sir/Madam,

　　①I am a student in China and I plan to go to Britain to attend a summer school during the vacation.②I’ve seen your ad, and I’d like to know something more about your six-week English course. First,③when will the course start and how many class hours are there per week?④Besides, I wish there would not be too many students in a class.⑤I’d also like to know how much I have to pay for the course and whether accommodation is included. Would there be a host family or university dormitory?

　　I am so happy to learn you are coming to study in our school and stay at my home.

　　I can’t wait to see you in China. Yours, Li Hua 参考范文: Dear Anna,

　　I am so happy to learn you are coming to study in our school and stay at my home.

　　My home is at No.58,Xingfu Road,just opposite a bank.A five-minute walk from my home along Xingfu Road westward will ①bring you to a crossroads,②where Xingfu Road meets Youyi Street.③On the southeast corner of the crossroads lies a shopping mall,②where you can get everything you need. Walk north for about 300 meters,along Youyi Street,and you’ll see our school on the right.There we will spend most of the daytime.③④At the east end of Xingfu road stands the new railway station and it’s easy to reach,as a bus stop is just next to my home and No.26 or No.46 bus will directly take you there.

　　专业 理由 父母的建议 金融 将来从商,为在商界工作做准备 老师的建议 法律 就业前景好 你的想法 外语 充分发挥自己的语言天赋 注意: 1.词数100左右; 2.可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯;

　　3.信的开头和结尾已给出,但不计入总词数。 Dear David,

　　I am at a loss nowadays.

　　  I am looking forward to your advice. Yours, Li Hua 参考范文: Dear David, I am at a loss nowadays. My teacher and my parents ①have different opinions about choosing my major in college.My parents think I should major in finance because they feel that it will ①prepare me for a career in ①the world of business.However,my teacher says I should choose law as my major,because he thinks that our society is ①in great need of ②skilled workers and experts in law and I will find a good job after graduation.③Despite their opinions,I want to learn a foreign language because language is what I am interested in and good at.I know ④it would be a waste if I don’ t ①make full use of my talent for language. What should I do?