2016届高考英语二轮专题热点集训：专题11 特殊句式

　　专题十一

　　特殊句式

　　【命题趋势探秘】

　　命题规律考查内容 考查度 ☆☆☆ ☆☆☆ ☆☆☆☆☆☆

　　考查题型 所占分值

　　1—2分 1—2分

　　命题

　　趋势主谓一致、倒装句的考查so, neither, nor, hardly, scarcely, no sooner等(副)词放在句首时而形成的倒装; so+形容词/副词…that….形成的部分倒装;only放在句首且修饰状语而形成的部分倒装;虚拟语气中省略if引起的倒装;as, however, though引导的让步状语从句形式的倒装句。强调句，强调句型的疑问句，特别是特殊疑问句式，强调句与It is…. before / since /when….等区别问题；not until强调句；强调词it与先行词it的区别。…but also、neither…nor、either…or连接并列主语、the rest等词表指代时的主谓一致等。

　　4. 省略与替代的考查内容：时间状语从句和条件状语从句中用“连词+分词结构”的省略；名词性替代（one/ones, the one/ones, that, it）、动词性替代（用do作为替代性动词），用so、not形式的替代性句子，不定式to代替动词及其附属成分附加疑问句In a lecture hall of a university in England sits a professor.在英格兰一所大学的讲堂里坐着一位教授。

　　2.“表语(现在分词、过去分词和形容词)+be动词+主语”的结构中。这一结构是当谓语部分出现了2个动词时，就把进行时(be+现在分词)和被动语态(be+过去分词)中的实义动词拿到句首，保留be动词构成完全倒装。

　　Gone are the days when we had to do lots of homework.我们要做很多家庭作业的日子一去不复返了。

　　Growing on the hillsides are wild flowers of all colors山坡上长满了各种颜色的野花。

　　【核心考点讲练】

　　部分倒装

　　部分倒装句把谓语的一部分(多为助动词或情态动词)置于主语之前。如果谓语部分无助动词，则须加个助动词来构成倒装句。

　　1.only 修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句，且放在句首时，主句或句子的主语和谓语用部分倒装结构。

　　Only in this way can we learn English well.只有以这种方法，我们才能学好英语。

　　2.否定副词never，nor，hardly，little，seldom，scarcely, rarely及含有否定词如no并表示否定含义的介词短语at no time, under/ in no circumstances, in no case, by no means, on no condition等置于句首时，要使用部分倒装结构。

　　Not a single mistake did he make.他一个错误也没犯。

　　注意：否定副词not不可单独被提到句首，要将not与句中的状语或宾语一起放在句首，此时要用部分倒装。

　　Not once did he tell us where he was from.他从来没告诉我们他是哪里人。

　　Not a word did he speak at the meting.在会上他一句话也没说。

　　3.在表示前面提到的情况适用于另外一个人或事时，肯定句用so+be/have/助动词/情态动词+主语，否定句用neither/nor+be/have/助动词/情态动词+主语，表示“……也(不)这样”。

　　They love having lots of friends; so do those with disabilities．

　　他们喜欢交很多朋友，那些有残疾的人也是如此。

　　使用特点：

　　1)此句型也可写成it is the same with…，so it is with...，the same goes for, the same applies for…。如：

　　They love having lots of friends; it is the same with those with disabilities/so it is with those with disabilities.他们喜欢广交朋友，那些残疾人也是如此。

　　2)如果句意不是“……也是如此”，而仅是对前面内容的肯定或附和，那么就用so sb do；表示“某人按要求这样做了”用sb do so。

　　—Did Henry ask you to

　　He asked me to sit down, and I did so.他要我坐下，我就坐下了。

　　3)neither/nor构成的这个句型可以是不同的主语相同的谓语，或同一主语不同的谓语。如：

　　I don’t like pop music, neither does my brother.我不喜欢流行音乐，我哥哥也不喜欢。

　　I don’t like pop music, nor do I like jazz.我不喜欢流行音乐，也不喜欢爵士乐。

　　4.so…that句型表示“.如此…… 以至于…”，当so+adj./adv放在句首时，主句(即so引导的句子)要倒装，而that引导的句子不倒装。

　　So clearly does he speak English that he can always make himself understood.他的英语讲得很清晰，总是能让别人听得懂。

　　这个句型如果使用的是“形容词+ 复数名词/不可数名词”，则用such而不是so，此时如果将“such+形容词+复数名词/不可数名词”或者“such a+形容词+单数名词”放在句首，也应该用倒装句结构。

　　Such fine weather is it that we decide to go camping.这么好的天气，我们决定去野营。

　　也可将so+adj./adv、such+ adj.+复数名词/不可数名词等结构用代词such替代，此时用such+be+主语+that从句。

　　Such is the case that we have to give up the plan.鉴于这样的情况，我们只好放弃这个计划。

　　5. neither...,nor...表示“……不……，……也不……”，由于neither 和nor 都是否定词，所以其前后句均需倒装。

　　Neither do I know it, nor do I care about it.我不知道，也不关心。

　　6.not only...,but also...表示“不仅……而且……”，not only放在句首时，not only所在的句子用部分倒装， but (also)引导的句子必须用正常语序。

　　Not only will help be given to people to find jobs,but also medical treatment will be provided for people who need it.不仅要给那些找工作的人提供帮助，而且也要给那些需要帮助的人提供医疗保健服务。

　　此句型也可用not only...but...或not only...but...as well。

　　7.not until...表示“直到……才……”，该结构通常放在句首，主句要用部分倒装。

　　Not until he returned did we have supper. 直到他回来我们才吃饭。

　　使用特点：

　　①这句话可以改写成：We didn’t have supper until he returned.

　　②如果 not until 引导的是句子，until 从句的主谓不可倒装，只是主句需要倒装。

　　8.as, though引导让步状语从句采用倒装形式的情况

　　1)表语提前

　　Tired as/though he was，he still went on with his work.尽管他很累，还是继续工作。

　　2)谓语动词提前

　　Try as he might, he didn’t pass the exam.尽管他很用功，但考试不及格。

　　3)状语倒装

　　Much as he likes the bike, he doesn’t want to buy it.他虽然很喜欢那辆自行车，但不想买它。

　　注意：如果是单数名词、形容词的最高级或形容词作表语，将这些表语提前时将冠词、形容词修饰语省略。

　　Child as he is, he knows a lot.尽管他是个孩子，但懂得不少事情。

　　【典例1】（2016·全国大纲卷）_____ the nurses want a pay increase, but they want reduced hours as well.

　　A. Not do only

　　B. Do not only

　　C. Only not do

　　D. Not only do

　　解析：答案：Only when you can find peace in your heart _____good relationships with others.

　　A. will you keep B. you will keep C. you kept D. did you keep

　　解析：句意：只有当你保持了自己内心平和的时候，才能让你自己和他人处理好关系。当only状语句首时，用部分倒装。…that…中，强调人时可用 who/that作连接，强调其他部分常用 that；原句使用的是现在时及将来时，用it is…that/who；原句使用了过去时，则用it was…that/who。

　　所强调的可以是单词、短语，也可以是从句，但结构必须完整。被强调的成分可以是主语、宾语和状语，但不能是定语或谓语。

　　It was him that/who we met at the school gate.我们在大门口见到的就是他。

　　2.强调句的疑问句：

　　一般疑问句是将is/was提前，用was/is it…that/who…；强调句的特殊疑问句则是将被强调部分替换为疑问词what、who、where、when、how，用what/who/where/how/when is/was it that…。强调句的特殊疑问句可对被强调的主语、宾语、表语、状语进行提问。用who构成强调句的疑问句时，为避免重复，强调句中用that而不用who。如：

　　Is it Professor Wang who teaches you English?教你们英语的是王教授吗？

　　Who was it that broke the window?打破窗户的是谁？

　　3.强调句通常是把被强调的部分放在it be和that之间，有时候，强调句要强调的是并列结构，比如not only…but also、not…but、A, not B等。此时，为了保持句子结构的平衡，可以将这个结构的一部分放在it be和that之间，而把另外一部分放在整个句子后面。如：

　　It is not only you who are interested in the lecture, but the majority of us.对这个讲座感兴趣的不仅是你，还有我们大多数人。

　　When you look for a job, it’s not your book knowledge but your experience that matters more.你在找工作的时候，重要的不是你的书本知识而是你的经验。

　　4.强调句的语气变化：根据语气的需要可用It might be...that..., It must have been...that... 句型表示强调。如:

　　It must have been his brother that you saw.你看到的想必是他的兄弟。

　　5.not...until...句型的强调句为：it is/was not until+被强调部分+that+其他成分.如：

　　It was not until ten o’clock that he went to bed.直到10点他才上床休息。

　　6.要判断一个句子是不是强调句，一个简单的办法就是将it be和that去掉，如果剩下的成分仍然能构成一个完整的句子，这就是强调句型，否则就不是。如：

　　It was at two o’clock that he arrived.他是在两点钟的时候来的。(强调句)

　　It was two o’clock when he arrived.他来的时候已经到两点钟了。(when引导时间状语从句)

　　【典例1】（2016·福建）It was the culture, rather than the language, ____made it hard for him to adapt to the new environment abroad

　　A. where

　　B. why

　　C. that

　　D. what

　　解析：句意：正是文化而不是语言使他很难适应国外的新环境。The culture rather than the language made it hard for him to adopt to the new environment abroad.这是个完整的句子，不缺少任何成分，因此这是个强调句，空格处应用that。It’s not doing the things we like, but liking the things we have to do______makes life happy.

　　A. that

　　B. which C. what

　　D. who

　　解析：句意：不是做我们喜欢的事让我们感到高兴，真正让我们感到高兴的是喜欢上我们不得不做的事情。根据句中的It’s可以先想到强调结构，再根据本空在句中不作任何成分，且It is…that…去掉之后句意仍然完整可知，本句确实是一个强调结构，且强调的是“事情”，选A。

　　一、考查强调结构的基本形式

　　即考查it was…that (that)…这一强调句式的用法，其考点主要涉及句首it的正确使用（通常用this, that, he, she等进行干扰），句中that的正确使用（通常用what, which, how, when, since, before, after, as等进行干扰）等。

　　It was with the help of the local guide that the mountain climber was rescued.正是在当地向导的帮助下登山者才得以获救。()

　　二、考查强调结构特殊疑问句形式

　　强调结构it is (was)…that…的特殊疑问句形式为“疑问词+is (was) it that…”。遇到这类题时，关键是要能够识别它是强调结构，同时根据句意或句子成分确定相应疑问词的选择。

　　I just wonder what it is that makes him so excited. 我只是想知道到底是什么事情使他那么兴奋。()

　　三、综合考查强调结构和not…until句式

　　not…until句式用于强调结构时，其基本结构为it was not until…that…格式，命题切入点主要有三个方面：一是考查it was not until的正确形式（通常用其肯定式进行干扰），二是考查其中的that的正确用法（通常用when等干扰），三是考查not until后的语序（应用正常语序，但可能用倒装语序来干扰）。

　　It was not until near the end of the letter that she mentioned her own plan.直到书信的结尾她才谈到她自己的计划。()

　　四、综合考查强调结构和not…but…句式

　　综合考查强调结构与not…but…句式所采用的命题形式通常为it is (was) not…but…that…形式。

　　It is not who is right but what is right that is of importance.重要的不是谁是正确的，而是什么是正确的。(高考例句)

　　◇考点3主谓一致

　　【基础知识梳理】

　　1.某些单个名词作主语时的主谓一致

　　1)集合名词作主语的主谓一致问题

　　(1)police(警察)，people(人)，cattle(牛，牲口)等集合名词，总是表示复数意义，用作主语时，其谓语要用复数goods(货物), clothes(衣服)只有复数形式，且只表示复数意义clothing(衣服)，poetry(诗歌)，baggage / luggage(行李)， furniture(家具)，machinery(机械)，scenery(景色)，jewellery(珠宝)，equipment(设备)等集合名词通常只用作不可数名词，表示单数意义，用作主语时，其后谓语动词用单数形式表示抽象意义时，表单数意义；表示某地区的全体居民时，为集合名词，既可表示单数意义(视为整体)也可表示复数意义(考虑其个体)若其后跟的是系表结构，且表语为复数，谓语动词要用复数。如：

　　China’s population is by far the largest of any country.

　　Half the world’s population doesn’t/don’t get enough to eat. 世界有一半人口没有足够的食物吃。

　　’t fit me well.这条裤子我穿着不太合身。

　　This pair of trousers is mine.这条裤子是我的。

　　3)有的名词单数与复形同形，如means(方法), sheep(绵羊), fish(鱼), series(系列), works(工厂)等，当它们用作主语时，其谓语的数需根据这些名词的实际意义来确定(到底表示单数还是复数)，此时要特别注意其修饰语和上下文语境。若没有特定的修饰语或语境，则用单数或复数谓语均可。Every possible means has been tried. 每种可能的办法都试过了。

　　6)由or，nor，either…or，neither…nor，not only…but(also)连接的并列主语，通常根据就近’s life. 20年在人的一生中是很长的一段时间。

　　2)分数和百分数修饰可数或不可数名词作主语时，谓语形式用单数还是复数取决于它们表示的意义。试比较：

　　About one third of the books are worth reading. 这些书中大约有1／3值得一读。

　　A large percentage of the wheat crop was ruined by the flood. 大部分的麦类作物遭到洪水的毁坏。

　　3.a quantity of后既可接复数名词，亦可接不可数名词。如果a quantity of接不可数名词，则谓语用单数形式；如果a quantity of接复数名词，则谓语通常要采用复数形式（※偶尔接单数式谓语，属非规范用法，宜慎用。） quantities of后接复数名词，不可数名词，后面的谓语都用复数形式。如：

　　With more forests being destroyed, a large quantity of good earth is being washed away each year.随着越来越多的森林被砍伐，每年有大量的泥土被冲刷走了。

　　【典例1】（2016·湖南）All we need

　　a small piece of land where we can plant various kinds of fruit trees throughout the growing seasons of the year.

　　A. are B. was C. is D. were

　　解析：句意：我们所需要的一切就是一小块地，在那里我们可以一年四季都种上各种各样的果树。根据本空后的a small piece of land可知，谓语单数，现在的事实，用一般现在时，选C。Generally, students inner motivation with high expectations from others______ essential to their development.

　　A. is

　　B. are

　　C. was

　　D. were

　　【解析】句意：一般说来，自己有内在的动力，以及外人对其很高的期望值，这些对学生的发展是至关重要的。本句主语是inner motivation，后面的(together) with 部分不是句子主语，因此谓语用单数；再根据generally可知这里说的是通常情况，用一般现在时。

　　答案：A

　　【技巧点拨】

　　从句中的主谓一致

　　1)在用作形式主语作it的句子中或在用it作主语的强调句型中，谓语动词常用单数。

　　It was a great relief that everyone got back safely.大家安全返回是很大的安慰。

　　2)由what引导的从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数。另外，用其他名词性从句或非谓语动词短语作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数。

　　What he has said leaves much for us to think about.他说的话发人深省。

　　◇考点4省略、反意疑问句、祈使句

　　【基础知识梳理】

　　省略是为了避免重复旧信息并使上下文紧密连接的一种修饰手段，被省略的可以是一个或几个句子成分。

　　1.介词和连词的省略

　　1)省略介词。

　　I had great difficulty (in) reaching you.我费了好大的力才打通你的电话。

　　2)省略连词：定语从句中作宾语的关系代词that, which, whom常可以省略；当先行词是time, reason, place时，作状语的关系副词when, why, where也可以省去；that引导宾语从句时连词可被省略(如果是2个that从句，则第二个需保留)。

　　This is the first time (that) I’ve acted on the stage.登台演戏我还是第一次。

　　3)省略定语或状语。

　　He spent part of the money, and kept the rest(of the money) to himself.他花了一部分钱，剩下的就装进了自己的腰包。

　　2.状语从句的省略

　　当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致时, 可以省略状语从句中的主语和系动词be, 这时从句中可出现如下结构：

　　1)连词(as, as if, once)+名词

　　Once(he was)a teacher, he now works in a government office.他原来是教师, 现在在政府办公室工作。

　　2)连词(though, whether, when)+形容词

　　Work hard when(you are)young, or you’ll regret.少壮不努力, 老大徒伤悲。

　　3)连词(whether, as if, while)+介词短语

　　He looked everywhere as if(he was)in search of something.他到处打量好像在寻找什么东西。

　　4)连词(when, while, though)+现在分词

　　He stood there while admiring the picture on the wall.他站在那里欣赏墙上的那幅画。

　　5)连词(when, if, even if, unless, once, until, than, as)+过去分词

　　He looked everywhere once frightened by something.他一受到惊吓就到处看。

　　6)连词(as if, as though)+不定式

　　He opened his lips as if(he were)to speak.他张了张嘴好像要说话。

　　7) 当状语从句部分是it is/was时, 可以把it和系动词be一起省略。此时构成连词(if, unless, when, whenever)+形容词。

　　Unless(it is)necessary, you’d better not refer to the dictionary.除非有必要，否则不要查字典。

　　8)我们还可以用so或not代替上文内容，此时可有if +so／not省略句式。

　　Do come here on time tomorrow. If not, the boss will be angry.明天务必按时上班，否则老板会生气的。

　　【核心考点讲练】

　　1.反意疑问句的复习要点

　　1)祈使句如何变反意疑问句

　　若陈述部分为祈使句，则其反意疑问句通常用will you, won’t you, would you等。

　　Open the door, will you? 你给我把门打开!

　　要注意以下几点：

　　(1)若陈述部分为否定式，则反意疑问句部分只用肯定式will you。

　　Don’t tell anyone, will you? 你可不要告诉任何人哟。

　　(2) 当祈使句为Let’s…时，反意疑问句要用 shall we；但是当祈使句为 Let us…时，则要分两种情况，即表示请求时，反意疑问句用will you，表示建议时，反意疑问句用 shall we。

　　Let’s take a taxi, shall we? 我们坐出租车好吗?

　　Let us know your address, will you? 请把你的地址告诉我们，好吗?

　　Let us go swimming together, shall we? 我们一起去游泳好吗?

　　2)反意疑问句的肯定与否定用法

　　构成反意疑问句的一般规则：当陈述部分为肯定式时，反意疑问句要用否定式; 陈述部分为否定式时，反意疑问句要用肯定式。

　　He gets up at six in the morning，doesn’t he?他早上6点起床，是吗?

　　He doesn’t get up at six in the morning，does he?他早上不是在6点起床，是吗?

　　另外，若陈述部分含有seldom，hardly，never，rarely，few，nothing，nowhere等否定词或半否定词，则其反意疑问句部分要用肯定式。

　　Dick rarely got drunk, did he? 迪克很少喝醉，是吗?

　　但是，若陈述部分有否定前缀，反意疑问句仍用否定式。

　　It is unfair, isn’t it? 这不公平，不是吗?

　　3)陈述部分为I think that...如何构成反意疑问句

　　当陈述部分为主从复合句时，其反意疑问句要注意以下情况。

　　(1)对于一般的主从复合句，其反意疑问句通常与主句保持一致。

　　She says that I did it, doesn’t she? 她说那是我干的，是吗?

　　(2)当陈述部分的主句为 I think, I suppose, I believe等结构时，反意疑问句通常与从句保持一致(注意否定的转移)。

　　I don’t think he likes it, does he? 我认为他不喜欢它，是吗(他喜欢吗)?

　　4)there be的反意疑问句用be和there构成。

　　There was a great tower here years ago, wasn’t there?这里以前有一座塔，是吧？

　　2.祈使句的常考点

　　1)祈使句的否定式和强调式

　　Don’t be so sure.别那么有把握。(否定式)

　　Do come on time this evening. 今晚务必准时到。(强调式)

　　2)带主语的祈使句

　　(1)为了加强语气或特别指明向谁提出命令或要求时，需加主语you, 有时还可同时加呼语。如：

　　That lady with a baby in your hand, please come here.抱着婴儿的那位女士，请到这边来。

　　(2)命令吩咐几个人分头做几件事情时，祈使句需带主语“you”，还可同时带呼语。如：

　　You girls clean the desks; you boys, sweep the floor.你们女生，擦桌子。你们男生，打扫地板。

　　(3)在表达“不高兴，厌烦”等情绪时，可带主语“you”。如：

　　You mind your own business! 你少管闲事!

　　(4)祈使句的主语除了用you外，还可用everybody，everyone，somebody，someone等，它们的位置可以放在句末。如：

　　Be quiet, everyone!大家静下来!

　　3)祈使句+and+陈述句= if…, +主句；祈使句+or+陈述句= if…not…, +主句

　　如：

　　Work hard and you will succeed. (=If you work hard, you will succeed.) 努力学习，你就会成功。

　　Hurry up or we will be late.(=If you don’t hurry up, we will be late.)快点儿，否则我们就迟到了。

　　One more minute and I will finish it.(=If you give me one more minute, I will finish it.)再待一分钟我就完成了。

　　【典例1】（2016·重庆）-- I spent two weeks in London last summer.

　　-- Then you must have visited the British Museum during your stay, ____ you?

　　A. mustn't

　　B. haven't

　　C. didn't

　　D. hadn't

　　解析：A句意：——我去年暑假在伦敦待了两个星期。——那你在伦敦期间一定参观了大英博物馆，是吗？陈述句部分的谓语动词如果是must have done，陈述句部分有during your stay这一过去时的时间状语，didn’t来构成反意疑问句。what you’re doing today important, because you’re trading a day of your life for it

　　A. Make

　　B. To make

　　C. Making

　　D. Made

　　解析：句意：让你今天所做的一切都非同寻常，因为你在用生命中的每一天换取完成的一切。根据本句的you are trading可知，说话的对象是ou，这里用祈使句表示劝告。 所以选择A项。’t；当含有mustn’t(不允许、禁止）时，其反意疑问部分用must/may。如：

　　You must go now,needn’t you?你现在必须走，是吗？

　　2.当must/may(might)表示推测，即must作“一定，准是”讲，may/might作“可能”讲时，反意疑问部分的动词形式应该将must/may/might省略再进行判断。如：

　　You must/may(might)be hungry now, aren’t you?你一定(可能)饿了，是吗？

　　You must have heard about it, haven’t you?你一定听说过这事了，是吗？

　　You must have watched that football match last night, didn’t you? 你昨晚一定看足球赛了，是吗？

　　专题热点集训11 特殊句式

　　（45分钟）

　　It was when we were returning home ________ I realized what a good feeling it was to have helped someone in trouble.

　　A. which

　　B. that

　　C. where

　　D. how

　　2.（2016·四川）Was it because Jack came late for school ______ Mr. Smith got angry?

　　A. why

　　B. who

　　C. where

　　D. that

　　3.（2016·福建）English is The climate here is quite pleasant, the temperature rarely,______, reaching 30oC in summer.

　　A. if not

　　B. if ever

　　C. if any

　　D. if so

　　4. （2016·陕西）No sooner ________ stepped on the stage than the audience broke into thunderous applause.

　　A. had Mo Yan

　　B. Mo Yan had

　　C. has Mo Yan

　　D. Mo Yan has

　　5.（2016·北京）_________ carefully if any change occurs when doing experiments in the lab..

　　A. Observe B. To observe C. Observed

　　D. Observing

　　6.（2016·福建)Not until he went through real hardship _____ the love we have for our families is important.

　　A. had he realized B. did he realize

　　C. he realized

　　D. he had realized

　　7.（2016·江西）Only when he apologizes for his rudeness ______ to him again.

　　A. I will speak

　　B. will I speak

　　C. do I speak

　　D. I speak

　　8.（2016·课标全国卷Ⅱ)It was only after he had read the papers________Mr. Gross realized the task before him was extremely difficult to complete.

　　A. when

　　B. that

　　C. which

　　D. what

　　9.（2016·福建)The famous musician, as well as his students, ____ to perform at the opening ceremony of the 2016 Taipei Flower Expo.

　　A. were invited

　　B. was invited

　　C. have been invited D. has been invited

　　10.（2016·上海) Among the crises that face humans ________ the lack of natural resources.

　　A. is

　　B. are

　　C. is there

　　D. are there

　　II. 完形填空

　　（2015·陕西）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A， B， C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

　　Dad had a green comb. He bought it when he married Mum. Every night，he would hand me his __11__ and say，“Good girl，help Daddy clean it，OK？”

　　I was __12__ to do it. At age five，this dull task brought me such __13__. I would excitedly turn the tap __14__ and brush the comb carefully. Satisfied that I'd done a good job，I would happily return the comb to Dad. He would __15__ affectionately at me and place the comb on his wallet.

　　Two years later，Dad started his own __16__，which wasn't doing so well. That was when things started to __17__. Dad didn't come home as early and as much as he used to. Mum and I became _18__ with him for placing our family in trouble. With __19__，an uncomfortable silence grew between us.

　　After my graduation，Dad's business was getting back on track. On my 28th birthday，Dad came home __20__.As usually I helped him carry his bags into his study. When I turned to leave，he said，“Hey，would you help me __21__ my comb？” I looked at him a while，then __22__ the comb and headed to the sink.

　　It hit me then: why，as a child，__23__ Dad clean his comb was such a pleasure. That routine(习惯) meant Dad was home early to __24__ the evening with Mum and me. It __25__ a happy and loving family.

　　I passed the clean comb back to Dad. He smiled at me and __26__ placed his comb on his wallet. But this time，I noticed something __27__. Dad had aged. He had wrinkles next to his eyes when he smiled，__28__ his smile was still as __29__ as before，the smile of a father who just wanted a good __30__ for his family.

　　11. A. bag

　　B. wallet

　　C. comb

　　D. brush

　　12. A. annoyed

　　B. relieved

　　C. ashamed

　　D. pleased

　　13. A. joy

　　B. sadness

　　C. courage

　　D. pain

　　14. A. out

　　B. over

　　C. in

　　D. on

　　15. A. stare

　　B. smile

　　C. shout

　　D. laugh

　　16. A. family

　　B. business

　　C. task

　　D. journey

　　17. A. progress

　　B. change

　　C. improve

　　D. form

　　18. A. satisfied

　　B. delighted

　　C. mad

　　D. strict

　　19. A. time

　　B. patience

　　C. speed

　　D. ease

　　20. A. occasionally

　　B. early

　　C. frequently

　　D. rarely

　　21. A. sharpen

　　B. repair

　　C. clean

　　D. keep

　　22. A. dropped

　　B. took

　　C. handed

　　D. threw

　　23. A. watching

　　B. letting

　　C. helping

　　D. hearing

　　24. A. find

　　B. lose

　　C. waste

　　D. spend

　　25. A. affected

　　B. broke

　　C. meant

　　D. supported

　　26. A. firmly

　　B. hurriedly

　　C. casually

　　D. carefully

　　27. A. different

　　B. exciting

　　C. interesting

　　D. urgent

　　28. A. for

　　B. or

　　C. so

　　D. yet

　　29. A. convincing

　　B. heartwarming

　　C. cautious

　　D. innocent

　　30. A. origin

　　B. life

　　C. reputation

　　D. education

　　III. 阅读理解

　　（2015·福建）

　　Papa，as a son of a dirt－poor farmer，left school early and went to work in a factory，for education was for the rich then. So，the world became his school. With great interest，he read everything he could lay his hands on，listened to the town elders and learned about the world beyond his tiny hometown. “There's so much to learn，” he'd say. “Though we're born stupid，only the stupid remain that way.” He was determined that none of his children would be denied(拒绝) an education.

　　Thus，Papa insisted that we learn at least one new thing each day. Though，as children，we thought this was crazy，it would never have occurred to us to deny Papa a request. And dinner time seemed perfect for sharing what we had learned. We would talk about the news of the day; no matter how insignificant，it was never taken lightly. Papa would listen carefully and was ready with some comment，always to the point.

　　Then came the moment—the time to share the day's new learning.

　　Papa，at the head of the table，would push back his chair and pour a glass of red wine，ready to listen.

　　“Felice，” he'd say，“tell me what you learned today.”

　　“I learned that the population of Nepal is...”

　　Silence.

　　Papa was thinking about what was said，as if the salvation(拯救) of the world would depend upon it. “The population of Nepal. Hmm. Well...” he'd say. “Get the map; let's see where Nepal is.” And the whole family went on a search for Nepal.

　　This same experience was repeated until each family member had a turn. Dinner ended only after we had a clear understanding of at least half a dozen such facts.

　　As children，we thought very little about these educational wonders. Our family，however，was growing together，sharing experiences and participating in one another's education. And by looking at us，listening to us，respecting our input，affirming(肯定)our value，giving us a sense of dignity，Papa was unquestionably our most influential teacher.

　　Later during my training as a future teacher，I studied with some of the most famous educators. They were imparting(传授) what Papa had known all along—the value of continual learning. His technique has served me well all my life. Not a single day has been wasted，though I can never tell when knowing the population of Nepal might prove useful.

　　31. What do we know from the first paragraph?

　　A. The author's father was born in a worker's family.

　　B. Those born stupid could not change their life.

　　C. The town elders wanted to learn about the world.

　　D. The poor could hardly afford school education.

　　32. The underlined word “it” in the second paragraph refers to “________”．

　　A. one new thing

　　B. a request

　　C. the news

　　D. some comment

　　33. It can be learned from the passage that the author ________.

　　A. enjoyed talking about news

　　B. knew very well about Nepal

　　C. felt regret about those wasted days

　　D. appreciated his father's educational technique

　　34. What is the greatest value of “dinner time” to the author?

　　A. Continual learning.

　　B. Showing talents.

　　C. Family get－together.

　　D. Winning Papa's approval.

　　35. The author's father can be best described as ________.

　　A. an educator expert at training future teachers

　　B. a parent insistent on his children's education

　　C. a participant willing to share his knowledge

　　D. a teacher strict about everything his students did

　　IV. 微写作

　　（2015·湖南）

　　Read the following passage. Answer the questions according to the information given in the passage.

　　Walk Out of the Comfort Zone and Try New Things

　　For most high school students，free periods are useless. From what I have seen，few do homework：instead many are on their phones and talking，making it impossible for those who actually want to do work to complete any. As a senior next year，I think extra periods should be used to take optional subjects.

　　Our school offers many classes. Now is the time to experiment in different fields of study. We will never know if we are interested or talented in a subject if we don't try it.

　　In my 8th grade，I was told that I had to take an art class as a graduation requirement; so in the 9th grade I took Studio and Art. One of the projects was to build a clay pot，but I built mine incorrectly，so it broke in the kiln(窑). I found out that I have no artistic ability at all，and now I know for sure that I do not want to be an artist. However，the class was one of my favorites that year. I was able to try new activities and test my ability.

　　Walk out of our comfort zone and try new things! College is when we should focus on a specific major，but high school is when we have to figure it out.

　　Half of all college students change their major at some point. By doing that hundreds of dollars are wasted on classes that they would have never needed to take. So use our extra periods to find out what we want to do in college. The classes we choose can impact us in future. Taking optional subjects will enrich our mind. It will also show colleges we are diverse students.

　　1. How should we use our extra periods in the author's opinion?

　　(No more than 9 words)(2 marks)

　　________________________________________________________________________

　　2. Why does the author think we should experiment in different fields of study?

　　(No more than 17 words)(2 marks)

　　________________________________________________________________________

　　3. Why did the clay pot show the author's lack of artistic ability?

　　(No more than 10 words)(3 marks)

　　________________________________________________________________________

　　4. According to the author，how will taking optional subjects impact us in the future?

　　(No more than 13 words)(3 marks)

　　________________________________________________________________________

　　专题热点集训11

　　特殊句式

　　参考答案与解析

　　I. 单项填空

　　1. B

　　根据题干所提供的信息，我们可以看出这句话强调的是when引导的时间状语从句，属于强调句型。结合我们所学的强调句型知识“It is/was ＋被强调部分＋其他”可知此处应该使用that。故选B。

　　2.D句意：史密斯先生是因为杰克上学迟到而发脾气的吗？将题干的was it和选项去掉之后，这个句子剩余部分是：Mr. Smith got angry because Jack came late for school。剩余部分是个完整的句子，由此可以看出，本题使用了强调句式it was...that，是强调句的一般疑问句，因此选D，用that构成强调句。

　　3.B句意：这里的气候非常宜人，即使曾经有过，在夏天里气温也极少达到30摄氏度。if not 如果不；if ever 如果曾经有；if any 如果有的话；if so如果是这样的话。根据句中的关键词rarely（极少）可知空格处表达的意思是“即使曾经有”，是if it ever reaches 30oC in summer的省略结构，因此选B。

　　4. A

　　句意：莫言刚一登上讲台，听众就爆发出雷电般的掌声。if引导条件状语从句，设空处为主句动词，且表示祈使语气，故用动词原形，构成祈使句。此处并非作状语，故非谓语动词形式不合语境。

　　6. B句意：直到他经历了真正的困难才意识到对家人的爱重要。格罗斯…that，被强调的是only after+状语从句，本空用that与题干的it was构成强调句结构。

　　9. B句意：这个有名的音乐家和他的学生被邀请为2016年花展的开幕式表演。被邀请是过去的动作，而且过去时。A as well as B主语，谓语动词要和A相一致。

　　III. 阅读理解

　　语篇解读：这是一篇教育故事阅读。文章主要讲述了作者如何接受父亲对孩子的教育，作者的父亲坚持让自己的几个孩子必须接受教育，这让作者和兄弟们受益一生。

　　31. D 【命题意图】推理判断题。

　　【解题思路】通读文章第一段，并根据第一句话中的education was for the rich then判断可知当时的教育只为了富有的人，贫穷的人负担不起教育的费用。故选D。

　　32. C 【命题意图】词义猜测题。

　　【解题思路】根据前文的we would talk about the news of the day中的the news of the day判断此处的it是指the news。故选C。

　　33. D 【命题意图】推理判断题。

　　【解题思路】通读全文，并根据文章最后一段的served me well和useful等可以推断作者非常感激父亲的教育方法。故选D。

　　34. A 【命题意图】推理判断题。

　　【解题思路】A不断学习；B展示才能；C家庭聚会；D赢得父亲的支持。根据文章第三段的the time to share the day's new learning和文章的倒数第二段的叙述说明晚餐时间也是作者和兄弟们继续学习的时间。故选A。

　　35. B 【命题意图】推理判断题。

　　【解题思路】通读全文，并根据文章对父亲让作者和兄弟们接受教育的方式以及最后两段可判断作者的父亲是一个坚持让孩子接受教育的父亲，不管有多少困难。故选B。

　　IV. 微写作

　　书面表达范文

　　1. We should use them to take optional subjects. 【解题思路】根据文章第一段的最后一句话可知作者认为，我们应该利用业余的时间来学习一些选修课程。

　　2. We will never know if we are interested or talented in a subject without trying it. 【解题思路】根据文章第二段的句子We will never know if we are interested or talented in a subject if we don't try it.可知不经过尝试，我们就不会知道我们对某一学科是否感兴趣或者擅长。

　　3. It was built in correctly and broke in the kiln.

　　【解题思路】根据文章第三段的句子but I built mine incorrectly，so it broke in the kiln. I found out that I have no artistic ability at all可知作者是在自己做得不对，并致使这个陶壶在窑里坏了的时候知道自己缺少艺术能力的。

　　4. It will enrich our mind and show colleges we are diverse students.

　　【解题思路】根据文章最后一段的句子Taking optional subjects will enrich our mind. It will also show colleges we are diverse students可以总结出答案。