四川省成都市2016届高考英语阅读理解二轮提升训练（35）（含解析）

　　阅读理解。阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。

　　People from East Asia tend to have more difficulty than those from Europe in distinguishing facial expressions — and a new report published online in Current Biology explains why.

　　Rachael Jack, University of Glasgow researcher, said that rather than scanning evenly(均匀的) across a face as Westerners do, Easterners fix their attention on the eyes.

　　"We show that Easterners and Westerners look at different face features to read facial expressions," Jack said. "Westerners look at the eyes and the mouth in equal measure, whereas Easterners favor the eyes and neglect (忽略) the mouth."

　　According to Jack and her colleagues, the discovery shows that human communication of emotion is more complex than previously believed. As a result, facial expressions that had been considered universally recognizable cannot be used to reliably convey emotion in cross-cultural situations.

　　The researchers studied cultural differences in the recognition of facial expressions by recording the eye movements of 13 Western Caucasian and 13 East Asian people while they observed pictures of. expressive faces and put them into categories: happy, sad, surprised, fearful, disgusted, angry, or neutral. They compared how accurately participants read those facial expressions using their particular eye movement strategies.

　　It turned out that Easterners focused much greater attention on the eyes and made significantly more errors than did Westerners. "The cultural difference in eye movements that they show is probably a reflection of cultural difference in facial expressions," Jack said. "Our data suggest that whereas Westerners use the whole face to convey emotion, Easterners use the eyes more and mouth less."

　　In short, the data show that facial expressions are not universal signals of human emotion. From here on, examining how cultural factors have diversified these basic social skills will help our understanding of human emotion. Otherwise, when it comes to communicating emotions across cultures, Easterners and Westerners will find themselves lost in translation.

　　(

　　) 1. The discovery shows that Westerners

　　A. pay equal attention to the eyes and the mouth

　　B. consider facial expressions universally reliable

　　C. observe the eyes and the mouth in different ways

　　D. have more difficulty in recognizing facial expressions

　　(

　　) 2. What were the people asked to do in the study?

　　A. To make a face at each other.

　　B. To get their faces impressive.

　　C. To classify some face pictures.

　　D. To observe the researchers' faces.

　　(

　　) 3. What does the underlined word "they" in Paragraph 6 refer to?

　　A. The participants in the study.

　　B. The researchers of the study.

　　C. The errors made during the study.

　　D. The data collected from the study.

　　(

　　) 4. In comparison with Westerners, Easterners are likely to

　　A. do translation more successfully

　　B. study the mouth more frequently

　　C. examine the eyes more attentively

　　D. read facial expressions more correctly

　　(

　　) 5. What can be the best title for the passage?

　　A. The Eye as the Window to the Soul

　　B. Cultural Differences in Reading Emotions

　　C. Effective Methods to Develop Social Skills

　　D. How to Increase Cross-cultural Understanding

　　【语篇解读】本文为科普说明文。主要介绍了最新的科学研究发现：东方人比西方人更难于读懂他人的面部表情。

　　1. 答案：A

　　考点：细节理解题

　　解析：根据第三段 “Westerners look at the eyes and the mouth in equal measure, whereas Easterners favor the eyes and neglect (忽略) the mouth.” 可以得出答案

　　2. 答案：C

　　考点：细节理解题

　　解析：根据第五段 “…by recording the eye movements of 13 Western Caucasian and 13 East Asian people while they observed pictures of. expressive faces and put them into categories: happy, sad, surprised, fearful, disgusted, angry, or neutral.”可以判断选C

　　3. 答案：A

　　考点：词义猜测

　　解析：根据定语从句 “that they show”所修饰的 eye movements 在研究中为the participants 所作（从the eye movements of 13 Western Caucasian and 13 East Asian people”可知）可判断选A

　　4. 答案：C

　　考点：细节理解题

　　解析：根据第六段 “It turned out that Easterners focused much greater attention on the eyes and made significantly more errors than did Westerners.”可判断选C

　　5. 答案：B

　　考点：主旨大意题

　　解析：文章首先指出科学研究的最新发现：东方人比西方人更难于读懂人的面部表情。之后更具体地介绍研究的结构及其研究过程，最后得出结论：文化差异丰富了理解情感的基本社会技巧，即：不同的文化背景使人理解他人情感的方式也不尽相同。由此判断最佳标题应为B。

　　【阅读理解】介绍说明类

　　阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的A,B,C或D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

　　Researchers have just offered evidence in a study that says obesity appears to spread through social ties, much like a virus. When one person gains weight, their close friends often follow. But the finding might also offer hope.

　　If friends help make obesity acceptable, then might also be influential in losing the fat. The researchers note that support groups are already an effective tool in dealing with other socially influenced problems, like alcoholism.

　　The findings appeared in the New England Journal of Medicine, The researchers used information collected from 12,000 people. It was collected between 1971 and 2003 as part of the Framingham Heart Study.

　　The information was highly detailed. There was even contact information for close friends of the people in the study.

　　The researchers examined more than 40,000 social ties. They found that a person’s chances of becoming severely overweight increased by 57% if a friend had become obese.

　　A sister or brother of a person who became obese had a 40% increased chance of becoming obese. The risk for a wife or husband was a little less than that.

　　Nicholas Christakis of Harvard Medical School was a lead investigator in the study. He says there is a direct causal relationship between a person getting fat and being followed in weight gain by a friend.

　　The study found that the sex of the friends was also an influence. In same-sex friendships a person had a 70% increased risk of becoming obese.Men had a 44% increased risk of becoming obese after weight gain in brother. In sisters, it was 67%.

　　The researchers also considered the effect of where people lived in relation to each other. James Fowler of the University of California, San Diego, was the other lead investigator. He says a friend who lives a few hundred kilometers away has as much influence as one in the same neighborhood. He says the study demonstrates the need to consider that a major part of people’s health is tied to their social connections.

　　Both investigators say their research shows that obesity is not just a private medical issue, but a public health problem.

　　1. What does the underlined sentence in Para. 2 mean?

　　A. Obesity has a negative influence on a close friend.

　　B. Friends might also play a part in losing weight.

　　C. One might have a positive influence on one’s friend.

　　D. Friends usually don’t follow each other to lose weight.

　　2. Who is mostly likely to gain weight?

　　A. A man who has a fat brotherB. A husband who has a fat wife

　　C. A wife who has a fat husbandD. A woman who has a fat female friend

　　3. Which of the following statements doesn’t the passage agree with?

　　A. You are sure to lose weight if you have a skinny friend.

　　B. If one gains weight, one’s friends are likely to get fat.

　　C. A person’s health is closely linked with his /her social relationship.

　　D. Even if the friend lives far away, the influence still remains.

　　4. The reason why the study involves both family members and friends is that_______.

　　A. researchers fail to find a more different sample

　　B. researchers have different ideas for family members and friends

　　C. researchers can meet these people regularly

　　D. researchers can compare the results

　　【参考答案】1—4、BDAD

　　2016高考训练题。阅读理解阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。An estimated 80 percent of American adults think music lessons, though at times boring and challenging in the eyes of some kids, improve children’s ability to learn or their performance in school. They say that the satisfaction for learning to play a new song helps a child express creativity.

　　Researchers at Harvard University , however, have found that there’s one thing musical training does not do. Samuel Mehr, the leading researcher of the new study, said it is wrong to think that learning to play a musical instrument improves a child’s intellectual development. The evidence comes from studies that measured the mental ability of two groups of 4-year-olds and their parents. One group attended music class; the comparison group went to a class that places importance on the optical arts-arts that can be seen.

　　“We found no evidence for any advantage on any of these tests for the kids participating in these music classes,” said Mehr.

　　Samuel Mehr says researchers have carried out many studies in an effort to learn whether musical training can make children smarter. Only one study seems to show a small percentage increase in IQ, intellectual scores among students after one year of music lessons.

　　He does not believe that IQ is a good measure of a child’s intelligence. Therefore, the researchers in his study compared how well children in the musical training group did on mental processing tasks, then the results were compared to those of children who did not take lessons.

　　Music lessons may not offer children a fast easy way to gain entry to the best schools later of their life, but the training is still important.

　　Mr Mehr notes that the works of writer William Shakespeare are not taught , so the children will do better in physics. He says Shakespeare is taught because it is important for cultural reasons.“And I don’t think music needs to be any different than that.”

　　1. What attitude do most American grown-ups have towards music lessons?

　　A. Approving

　　B. Uninterested

　　C. Doubtful

　　D. Uncertain

　　2. The underlined word“optical”in Paragraph 2 probably means

　　.

　　A. colorful

　　B. visual

　　C. traditional

　　D. serious

　　3. How did Samuel Mehr draw his conclusion in the new study?

　　A. By studying previous research results

　　B. By measuring the IQ of the kids.

　　C. By referring to some documents

　　D. By comparing two different groups

　　4. The study shows that

　　.

　　A. early music training has negative effects

　　B. musical lessons should be stopped at school

　　C. playing musical instrument makes kids more creative

　　D. musical training doesn’t improve kids’ intelligence

　　参考答案1—4、ABDD

　　阅读理解。阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。

　　Businesses are witnessing a difficult time, which has in turn produced influence on consumers’ desire to go green. However, shoppers are still laying stress on environmental concerns.

　　Two thirds of customers say that environmental considerations inform their purchases to the same degree as they did a year ago, while more than a quarter say that they are now even better aware of the environmental effect on what they buy.

　　This may help to influence how shops store goods on their shelves. And the companies should still make efforts to become more environmentally friendly. Two out of three people think it is important to buy from environmentally responsible companies, with about one in seven saying that they had even decided to take their custom elsewhere if they felt a company’s environmental reputation was not good enough.

　　Harry Morrison, chief executive（主管）of the Carbon Trust, sympathizes：“I understand this situation where survival is very important now. But from environmental considerations, the clock is ticking—we don’t have much time. In addition, cutting carbon has an immediate effect as costs drop and a medium-term benefit for the brand.”

　　Larger companies have an extra motivation to look at reducing their carbon footprint, as new rules next year will require businesses to buy carbon allowances to make up for their emissions（排放）. Those that have taken early action will have a head start. More than two thirds of consumers are not clear about which companies are environmentally responsible. This suggests that firms that are able to relay clearly their message to the public will be in a pole position to attract shoppers.

　　The Carbon Trust believes that it can help by informing customers about the good work companies are doing. “When companies are granted（授予）the standard, they can use a logo（标识）in all their marketing which makes it clear that they are working towards cutting emissions,” Mr. Morrison said.

　　(

　　) 1. What’s the main idea of the passage?

　　A. Businesses are finding ways to send their message to the shoppers.

　　B. Companies will soon get information about cutting carbon emissions.

　　C. Firms are making efforts to encourage customers to keep goods at home.

　　D. Firms are urged to cut carbon emissions by shoppers’ environmental awareness.

　　(

　　) 2. The underlined word “inform” in Paragraph 2 probably means“

　　”.

　　A. affect

　　B. change

　　C. disturb

　　D. reject

　　(

　　) 3. According to Harry Morrison, businesses

　　.

　　A. will benefit from cutting carbon emissions

　　B. should buy carbon allowances for shoppers

　　C. are required to make up for their carbon emissions

　　D. have encouraged shoppers to take their custom elsewhere

　　(

　　) 4. We can learn from the passage that businesses will

　　.

　　A. have a strong desire to reduce costs

　　B. use the same logo in their marketing

　　C. gain advantages by taking early action

　　D. attract more shoppers by storing goods

　　【语篇解读】本篇文章为说明文。现在顾客购物已经开始考虑环保的问题。面临顾客环保的心理需求，企业只有主动采取措施，减少排放，才会更好地赢得顾客的信赖，进而获得更好的收益

　　1、答案 D。

　　【解析】主旨大意题。根据第一段最后一句“However, shoppers are still laying stress on environmental concerns”及最后一段第一句可知，企业因购买者的环保意识而去减排。故选D项。

　　2、答案 A。

　　【解析】词义猜测题。由本段中“while more than a quarter say that they are now even better aware of the environmental effect on what they buy”可知，现在三分之二的顾客在购物时对环境的考虑比一年前程度加深了。因此A项符合句子意思

　　3、答案 A。

　　解析】推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句“cutting carbon has an immediate effect as costs drop and a medium-term benefit for the brand”可以推断出：商业会受益于减排。因此A项符合文章。

　　4、答案 C。

　　【解析】推理判断题。根据第五段最后一句“This suggests that firms that are able to relay clearly their message to the public will be in a pole position to attract shoppers”可知，早采取行动减排的企业可以更好地吸引顾客。因此可以推断出C项。