四川省成都市2016届高考英语阅读理解二轮提升训练（21）（含解析）

　　阅读理解—主旨大意题、标题概括题。

　　(2015年山东潍坊一中模拟)

　　Many experts say that Billy Wilder changed the history of American movies. He is often called the best movie maker Hollywood has ever had.

　　He was known for making movies that offered sharp social comment. Wilder was one of the first directors to do this. Between the middle 1930s and the 1980s, Billy Wilder made almost fifty movies. During that time he received more than twenty nominations(提名) from the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. He won six of the Oscar awards. His movies have been seen by people around the world.

　　In 1944, Billy Wilder made the film Double Indemnity. Some critics said this movie established him as one of the greatest Hollywood directors. Wilder directed The Lost Weekend in 1945. Ray Milland plays the part of an alcohol rules his life, yet he does not admit it. He hides alcohol in his home and says he is not drinking.

　　In 1950, Wilder made Sunset Boulevard. This movie told of an aging actress in silent movies. She plans to return to movies though facing many problems. In 1954, Billy Wilder became an independent producer. The next year, Wilder's first movie as an independent filmmaker was a huge success. It was The Seven Year Inch. In this movie, a married man wants to cheat on his wife with some of his friends. In 1959, wilder made a funny movie that was very popular. It was Some Like It Hot. It tells about two jazz musicians being chased by criminals. They decide to wear women's clothes and join a band in which all the musicians were women.

　　Wilder died in March, 2002. He was ninety-five. A current Hollywood producer said, “Billy Wilder made movies that people will never forger.”

　　The text is mainly about

　　The background of American movies

　　wilder's achievements in American movies

　　wilder's attitude to American movies

　　the development of American movies

　　What was Wilder famous for according to Paragraph 2?

　　Sharp remarks on society in his movies

　　His unique style of making movies

　　More than twenty awards he received.

　　Almost fifty movies he produced himself.

　　Which of the following made Wilder among the greatest Hollywood directors?

　　The lost weekend

　　B. Sunset Boulevard

　　C. Double Indemnity

　　D. Some Like It Hot

　　语篇解读

　　本文讲述的是Billy Wilder 对于美国电影的贡献。

　　B 主旨大意题。根据第一段Many experts say that Billy wilder changed the history of American movies. 及于美国电影的贡献，故选B项。

　　A 细节理解题。根据第二段He was known for making movies that offered sharp social comment. 可知，以制作对社会尖锐评论的电影而出名，故选A项。

　　C 细节理解题。根据第三段In 1944, Billy Wilder made the film Double Indemnity. Some critics said this movie established him as one of the greatest Hollywood directors.可知选C项。

　　阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A.B.C和D项中，选出最佳选项。

　　It is over 40 years since first atomic bomb was dropped on a major city in Japan. Yet even now its effects are showing themselves and may continue to do so for years to come. Much effort and human energy have been used to try to prevent such a terrifying thing from happening again. So far there is no guarantee that it will not. Countries which already possess nuclear knowledge and resources have bombs stored away which are powerful enough to wipe out all life on earth. But this is not all. Other countries, which previously were not so advanced in technology, are gradually buying materials that can be used for making atomic devices. This nuclear energy will naturally be of great value in helping the economy of poorer nations.

　　The generation of electricity through nuclear power came directly from the original work on the atom bomb. Because of the increase in demand for energy and the possibility of decreasing supplies of oil and natural gas, the interest in electricity has increased. One of the by-products of nuclear power stations is plutonium (钸) produced from unclear fuel: plutonium is ingredient (成分) in bomb-making. It means that there are far more opportunities for the manufacture of bombs.

　　This brings the problem to a full circle again. How can something so valuable and useful be controlled so that it works for the benefit and not the destruction of man? (from www.nmet168.com)

　　1. The effects of dropping the first atomic bomb ________.

　　A. are not over

　　B. may go on forever

　　C. could last much longer

　　D. will not be over in the near future

　　2. The writer says that enough atomic bombs have already been manufactured to ________.

　　A. wipe out Japan

　　B. last forever

　　C. act as a peace-keeping device

　　D. destroy all living things

　　3. The advantage of less developed countries being able to make atomic devices is that it ______.

　　A. gives them more opportunities for work

　　B. will help poor countries to become richer

　　C. will enable them to make better explosives

　　D. will be of great value to them

　　4. The second paragraph tells us that the increased demand for electricity today ________.

　　A. has led to the decrease in supplies of oil

　　B. means that more countries are interested in nuclear power

　　C. has increased the risk of accidental explosions

　　D. has increased the very means of producing more atomic bombs

　　 【答案与解析】

　　1. A 细节理解题。根据第一段第二句Yet even now its effects are showing themselves and may continue to do so for years to come可知。

　　2. D 细节理解题。根据第一段“…have bombs stored away which are powerful enough to wipe out all life on earth”一句可知。

　　3. B 细节理解题。根据第一段“This nuclear energy will naturally be of great value in helping the economy of poorer nations”一句可知。

　　4. D 段落主旨题。根据第二段最后一句“It means that there are far more opportunities for the manufacture of bombs.”可知。

　　2016高考训练题。阅读理解阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。Many Christmas customs are based on the birth of Christ, such as giving presents because of the Wise Men, who brought presents to the baby Jesus（耶稣）Singing Christmas carols is based on the scene of the birth with figures of shepherds, the Wise Men and animals surrounding the baby Jesus.

　　The origin of Santa Claus begins in the 4th century with St. Nicholas, Bishop of Myra, an area in the present-day Turkey. By all accounts St. Nicholas was a generous man, particularly devoted to children. After his death around 340 A. D. he was buried in Myra, but in 1087 Italian sailors were believed to steal his remains and removed them to Italy, greatly increasing St. Nicholas’ popularity throughout Europe.

　　His kindness and reputation for generosity gave rise to claims that he could perform miracles and devotion to him increased. St. Nicholas became the patron（保护神）saint of Russia, where he was known by his red cap, flowing white beard, and bishop’s mitre. In Greece, he was the patron saint of sailors; in France, he was the patron of lawyers, and in Belgium, the patron of children and travelers. Thousands of churches across Europe were dedicated（供奉的）to him and sometime around the 12th century an official holiday was created in his honor. The Feast of St. Nicholas was celebrated on December 6 and the day was marked by gift-giving and charity.

　　After the Reformation, European followers of St. Nicholas declined, but the legend was kept alive in Holland where the Dutch spelling of his name Sint Nikolass was eventually transformed to Sinterklaas. Dutch children would leave their wooden shoes by the fireplace, and Sinterklaas would reward good children by placing treats in their shoes. Dutch colonists brought this tradition with them to America in the 17th century and here the English name of Santa Claus appeared.

　　1.Why, as is believed, is Santa Claus so popular in Europe?

　　A. Because of his reputation for generosity.

　　B. Because he died in Italy.

　　C. Because of the deed of the Italian sailors.

　　D. Because of his devotion to Italian children.

　　2.What was the Feast of St. Nicholas held for?

　　A. Celebrating Christ’s birthday.

　　B. Giving thanks to churches.

　　C. Marking a holiday

　　D. Honoring St. Nicholas.

　　3.What does “Sinterklaas” in the last paragraph refer to?

　　A. European followers.

　　B. Santa Claus.

　　C. Jesus.

　　D. The Dutch.

　　4.Which of the following can best describe Santa Claus?

　　A. Generous, devoted and honored.

　　B. Dedicated, kind and alive.

　　C. Well-known, traditional and lovely.

　　D. Popular, famous and creative.

　　参考答案1—4、CDBA

　　阅读理解。

　　Why laughter matters

　　Although most people believe that laughter is one of the nature's great treatments for a whole range of mental and physical diseases, it is still a serious scientific subject that researchers are trying to figure out.

　　“Laughter above all else is a social thing，” says Baltimore neuroscientist, Robert Provine, who has studied laughter for decades. “All laughter groups laugh ‘hahaha’ basically the same way. Whether you speak Mandarin, French or English, everyone will understand laughter. There is a pattern generator(发生器) in our brain that produces this sound.”

　　Laughing is our first way of communicating. Babies laugh long before they speak. No one teaches them how to laugh. They just do. People may laugh at a prank(恶作剧) on April Fools' Day. But surprisingly, only 10 to 15 percent of laughter is the result of someone making a joke. Laughter is mostly about social responses rather than to a joke. Deaf people laugh without hearing and people on cell phones laugh without seeing, showing that laughter isn't dependent on single sense but on social interactions.

　　And laughter is not just a thing of people. Chimps tickle(挠痒) each other and even laugh when another chimp pretends to tickle them.

　　Jaak Panksepp, a Bowling Green University Psychology professor, studies rats that laugh when he tickles them. It turns out rats love to be tickled—they return again and again to the hands of researchers tickling them.

　　By studying rats, scientists can figure out what's going on in the brain during laughter. Northwestern University biomedical engineering professor, Jeffrey Burgdorf has found that laughter in rats produces a chemical that acts as an antidepressant(抗抑郁药). He thinks the same thing probably happens in humans, too. This would give doctors a new chemical target to develop drugs that can fight depression.

　　Even so, laughter itself has not been proved to be the best medicine, experts say. Margaret Stuber, a professor at University of California, studied whether laugher helped patients. She found that distraction(分心) and mood improvement helped, but she could not find a benefit of laughter alone.

　　“No study has shown that laughter produces a direct health benefit，” Provine said, largely because it's hard to separate laughter from just feeling good. But he thinks it doesn't really matter, “Isn't the fact that laughter feels good when you do it enough？”

　　1．The most important finding of Robert Provine's research is that ________．

　　A．laughter makes a person feel good

　　B．laughter depends on different senses

　　C．laughter is a quality people are born with

　　D．laughter is a social response shared by all creatures

　　2．According to the passage, scientists studied rats in order to find ________．

　　A．if they can laugh

　　B．if they like laughing

　　C．what laughter in rats produces

　　D．how rats react while being tickled

　　3．What can we learn from the passage?

　　A．Patients will recover if they laugh enough.

　　B．Laughter is a means of communication as well as a language.

　　C．A new medicine has been developed based on the laughter research.

　　D．Scientists can know what is happening in a human brain when he laughs.

　　4．Which of the following shows the structure of the passage?

　　CP: Central point　P: Point　Sp: Subpoint(次要点)

　　C: Conclusion

　　【要点综述】“笑”既是人类也是动物的一种交际行为，多数人认为“笑”是治疗身体疾病和心理疾病的有效方式之一。“笑”是否与健康有直接的联系，尚无科学定论，但是，“笑”能使你身心愉悦，这毕竟是一件好事。

　　1．A　推理判断题。根据最后一段“Isn't the fact that laughter feels good when you do it enough？”可知A项正确。

　　2．C　事实细节题。根据第六段“…laughter in rats produces a chemical that acts as an antidepressant(抗抑郁药)．”可知。故C项正确。

　　3．B　事实细节题。根据第二段“All laughter groups laugh‘hahaha’ basically the same way.”以及第三段“Laughing is our first way of communicating.”可知，“笑”既是一种交际方式也是一种所有物种都能理解的语言。故B项正确。

　　4．D　篇章结构题。文章第一节首先提出话题：尽管“笑”被认为是治疗身体疾病和心理疾病的方式之一，但是它仍旧是研究者们试图想弄明白的一个严肃的科研项目；接着文章从两个方面来论述主观点：(1)“笑”是人类的行为：①Laughter above all else is a social thing②Laughing is our first way of communicating；(2)“笑”也是动物的行为：And laughter is not just a thing of people；最后得出结论：“笑”是否与健康有直接的联系尚无科学定论，但是，“笑”能使人身心愉悦，这毕竟是一件好事。综上可知D项正确。