2016届高三英语二轮随堂训练课件：专题3 阅读理解 3.3

　　第3讲 主旨大意题 考点1　概括主旨大意类 【典例】(2015·广东高考·D)

　　It was once common to regard Britain as a society with class distinction. Each class had unique characteristics.

　　In recent years, many writers have begun to speak of the ‘decline of class’ and ‘classless society’ in Britain. And in modern day consumer society everyone is considered to be middle class.

　　But pronouncing the death of class is too early. A recent wide-ranging study of public opinion found 90 percent of people still placing themselves in a particular class; 73 percent agreed that class was still a vital part of British society; and 52 percent thought there were still sharp class differences. Thus, class may not be culturally and politically obvious, yet it remains an important part of British society. Britain seems to have a love of stratification.

　　One unchanging aspect of a British person’s class position is accent. The words a person speaks tell her or his class. A study of British accents during the 1970s found that a voice sounding like a BBC newsreader was viewed as the most attractive voice. Most people said this accent sounded ‘educated’ and ‘soft’. The accents placed at the bottom in this study, on the other hand, were regional(地区的)city accents. These accents were seen as ‘common’ and ‘ugly’. However, a similar study of British accents in the US turned these results upside down and placed some regional accents as the most attractive and BBC English as the least. This suggests that British attitudes towards accent have deep roots and are based on class prejudice.

　　In recent years, however, young upper middle-class people in London, have begun to adopt some regional accents, in order to hide their class origins. This is an indication of class becoming unnoticed. However, the 1995 pop song ‘Common People’ puts forward the view that though a middle-class person may ‘want to live like common people’ they can never appreciate the reality of a working-class life.

　　Q: What is the main idea of the passage?

　　A. The middle class is expanding.

　　B. A person’s accent reflects his class.

　　C. Class is a key part of British society.

　　D. Each class has unique characteristics.

　　【解题思路】 速读文章, 试找出本篇文章的主题句:

　　______________________________________________________________ 尝试解答: __  It was once common to regard Britain as a society with class distinction. C 【解题技巧】 1. “主题句定位”寻主旨 概括文章主旨关键在于查找主题句。主题句是文章的核心, 具有明确的概括性。主题句的位置一般有以下几种:

　　①主题句出现在文首。开门见山, 提出主题, 用细节来解释或发展主题句所表达的主题思想, 是最常见的演绎法写作方式。资讯报道、说明文或议论文通常采用这种写法。 ②主题句出现在文末。在表述细节后, 归纳要点以概括主题, 是最常见的归纳法写作方式。 ③主题句首尾呼应。为突出主题, 作者先提出主题, 结束时再次点出主题。 ④主题句出现在中间。写作方式为: 细节描述——归纳主题——进一步解释。 2. 常见命题方式 What’s the main idea of the passage/text?

　　What’s the passage/text mainly about?

　　What does the author mainly discuss in the passage/text?

　　考点2　总结段落大意类 【典例】(2015·福建高考·E片段)

　　Group exercise is one of the most effective ways to improve physical fitness and sustain(保持)a healthy lifestyle. Group exercise is challenging, yet fun and empowering! Of course everyone knows that exercise is good for the body. However, studies have shown that when exercise is performed in groups, it’s not only great for improving physical health but for psychological health. It’s an opportunity to be social, release endorphins(内啡肽), and improve your strength.

　　Additionally, group exercise creates a community feel and the shared common goal motivates participants to work hard. The instrumental support of taking on a fitness journey with others proves more effective than going to the gym alone.

　　…… Q: The first paragraph focuses on______.

　　A. the greatest challenge of group exercise B. the most effective way to improve physical fitness C. ____________________________________ D. the shared common goal in performing exercise in groups 【我来命题】 1. 读本段文字, 试找出本段的主题句, 并标出能总结段落大意的关键词:

　　______________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ______ 2. 请根据该题选项的特点将找到的主题句改编成选项C:

　　_________________________________________________ However, studies have shown that when exercise is performed in groups, it’s not only great for improving physical health but for psychological health. the contribution of group exercise to psychological health 【解题技巧】 1. “首尾兼顾”定选项 ①每个段落通常都有一个中心, 段落中心通常会在段首句体现出来。有些采用归纳法的段落, 细节表述在前, 归纳概括在后, 段落中心会在段尾句体现。 ②注意某些段落没有明显的段落中心, 需根据段落内容概括出中心。 2. 常见命题方式 The main idea of the. . . paragraph is probably______.

　　The. . . paragraph talks about______.

　　What’s Paragraph. . . mainly about?

　　考点3　归纳文章标题类 【典例】(2016·新课标全国卷Ⅱ·A)

　　Arriving in Sydney on his own from India, my husband, Rashid, stayed in a hotel for a short time while looking for a house for me and our children.

　　During the first week of his stay, he went out one day to do some shopping. He came back in the late afternoon to discover that his suitcase was gone. He was extremely worried as the suitcase had all his important papers, including his passport.

　　He reported the case to the police and then sat there, lost and lonely in a strange city, thinking of the terrible troubles of getting all the paperwork organized again from a distant country while trying to settle down in a new one.

　　Late in the evening, the phone rang. It was a stranger. He was trying to pronounce my husband’s name and was asking him a lot of questions. Then he said they had found a pile of papers in their trash can(垃圾桶)that had been left out on the footpath.

　　My husband rushed to their home to find a kind family holding all his papers and documents. Their young daughter had gone to the trash can and found a pile of unfamiliar papers. Her parents had carefully sorted them out, although they had found mainly foreign addresses on most of the documents. At last they had seen a half-written letter in the pile in which my husband had given his new telephone number to a friend.

　　That family not only restored the important documents to us that day but also restored our faith and trust in people. We still remember their kindness and often send a warm wish their way.

　　Q: Which of the following can be the best title for the text?

　　A. From India to Australia B. Living in a New Country C. Turning Trash to Treasure

　　D. In Search of New Friends 【解题思路】 读本篇文章, 试填出本篇文章的主线:

　　Rashid arrived in Sydney→discovered that his suitcase was ①_____ after

　　shopping→②________ the case to the police→the phone rang→③______ a pile of papers in their trash can→④________ the important documents

　　and trust 尝试解答: __  gone reported found restored C 【解题技巧】 1. “领悟主线”选标题 ①所选文章标题须能概括全文的中心内容。标题是文章的点睛之笔, 是文章的灵魂和门面, 比较醒目, 以吸引读者的注意。 ②一般文章的标题可根据主题句来判断, 但在某些文章中, 如记叙文, 没有明确的主题句, 需要根据文中的事实细节, 查找文章的“主线”, 归纳出文章的主题。 2. 常见命题方式 题干中一般都有the best title。此类试题比较好判断。 【误区纠偏】识别干扰选项特征 1. 范围过大: 干扰项所归纳、概括的范围太大。 2. 断章取义: 干扰项常以文章的个别信息作为选项, 或者以次要的事实或细节充当全文的主要观点。 3. 以偏概全: 干扰项只反映了文章的部分内容, 也就是范围太小。 【文体链接】

　　一、记叙文写作特点

　　1. 文体特点: 记叙文是一种记载和叙述事件由来, 描绘事物和人物情景状态、过程及发展的文体。消息、通讯、传记、游记、小说、童话、寓言以及记叙性的散文等文体, 都属于记叙文的范畴。

　　2. 写作顺序: 记叙文一般是按时间顺序, 或按事件的重要性的顺序来展开, 最后经常会有一两句话抒发作者的情感与感悟, 这是记叙文的精华, 是阅读的难点所在, 可谓“一篇之妙, 在于落句”。

　　二、记叙文解题技巧

　　1. 顺藤摸瓜: 记叙文中有大量的事件发展过程中的细节, 包括记叙文的5W(who, what, when, where, why)要素。作答细节题的时候, 一般需要由前到后, 从上到下, 按题目顺序解答。

　　2. 左顾右盼: 在做题过程中, 一般都不能在文中找到与题干完全相同的词语或句子。需要认真研究问题, 抓住题干中的关键词语, 然后到文中准确地找到与之相关的语句, 或是疑似语句的位置, 接着左顾右盼, 在前句或后句寻找线索。

　　3. 刨根问底: 主旨大意题或推理判断题、作者意图题等实际上是同一类型的问题。在解答时, 要在文前文后查找, 在字里行间寻觅。有时还需借助自己的生活经验和常识来体会言外之意。