2016届高考英语二轮复习阅读理解一百四十集选练：（12）

　　2016高考英语二轮阅读理解一百六十集选练（12）及（解析）答案

　　阅读理解A,B,C或D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

　　A MENTORING(导师制) program is giving life changing opportunities to Banbury youth.

　　Young Inspirations was founded two years ago to provide mentoring sessions for students and unemployed young adults aged 11 to 21.

　　Alex Goldberg，the program's founder，said：“We set up Young Inspirations because we wanted to give young people experiences which will potentially be life changing and broaden their outlook.”

　　“We try to create work experience opportunities that will really make a difference to our youth.For example，we've secured internships(实习) with world­famous firms such as Honda.”

　　“At a time of funding cutbacks where schools are finding it more and more difficult to offer this kind of mentoring，it is extremely important that these opportunities are available both to help youth with their school work and grades and to give them opportunities which may help shape their futures.” Kieran Hepburn,14，is one of a group of Banbury youth who has benefited from the program so far.In October the Banbury School pupil was accompanied by Young Inspirations staff to Paris where he was an observer at the United Nations Educational，Scientific and Cultural Organization's (UNESCO) International Youth Forum(论坛)．

　　The event was held for young people from around the world，to seek their views on how the future of youth and education should look.Kieran joined several hundred observers mostly in their 20s and was the only UK school pupil to attend the event.Kieran thinks the trip was a life changing experience.“Before we left I didn't quite know what to make of it but when we got there we didn't stop，it was amazing，” he said，“We went to three or four hours of debates each day and then did something cultural each afternoon.”

　　The main theme of the forum was how youth can drive change in political and public life.It dealt with issues(问题) such as drug abuse，violence and unemployment.

　　Kieran said：“It has really helped me to improve my confidence and social skills as well as my school grades and I was voted most improved pupil at school in August.”

　　The Young Inspirations mentoring sessions take place each Friday in Banbury.For details visit www.younginspirations.com.

　　1．The Young Inspirations mentoring program aims to

　　______.

　　A．train staff for world­famous firms

　　B．offer job opportunities to young adults

　　C．provide youth with unique experiences

　　D．equip the unemployed with different skills

　　解析　细节理解题。由第三段中的“‘We set up Young Inspirations because we wanted to give young people experiences...'”可知目的是给青年提供独特的经历。

　　答案　C

　　．According to Alex Goldberg，it is difficult for schools to offer the mentoring due to ________.

　　A．the lack of support from firms

　　B．the cultural differences

　　C．the effect of unemployment

　　D．the shortage of money

　　解析　推理判断题。由第五段中的“funding cutbacks”(削减资金)可知，缺乏资金给导师制的发展带来了困难。

　　答案　D

　　．We can learn from the passage that ________.

　　A．the visit to the United Kingdom was amazing

　　B．Kieran has made great progress in many aspects

　　C．the youth have found a way to solve their problems

　　D．the mentoring sessions are held every day except Friday

　　解析　推理判断题。由文章倒数第二段中的“‘It has really helped me to improve my confidence and social skills as well as my school grades and I was voted most improved pupil at school in August.'”可知Kieran在很多方面取得了进步。故选B项。

　　答案　B

　　．What would be the best title for the passage?

　　A．Alex Goldberg，Founder of Young Inspirations

　　B．Young People Find a World of Opportunity

　　C．Kieran，Banbury School Pupil to Paris

　　D．Debates Help Youth with Their Grades

　　解析　标题归纳题。本文主要就Alex Goldberg创建了导师制，给青年人提供了了解社会、获得社会经验的机会，最后这个项目扩大到国际范围，给青年人改变自己和社会的机会。所以正确答案为B。

　　答案　B

　　阅读理解, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。

　　The Pacific Ocean is the largest of the world’s four oceans. Its name comes from the Latin meaning “peaceful sea”， and was given by the Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan, whose voyage was plain there.

　　However, the Pacific is not always peaceful. Its islands are often hit by typhoons, and the countries surrounding it have many volcanoes and are often hit by earthquakes. Tsunamis

　　(海啸 ), caused by underwater earthquakes, have destroyed many low－lying coastal towns.

　　The Ocean contains about 46% of Earth’s surface water, and makes up about 32% of its total surface area, more than all of the planet’s land areas.

　　The equator (赤道) divides it into the North Pacific and the South Pacific Oceans, the latter of which contains most of its largest 25,000 islands. The largest landmass entirely within the Pacific Ocean is the island of New Guinea, with Australia to its south；it has been the world’s second－largest island since separating from the Australian mainland.The lowest point on Earth, the Mariana Trench (海沟), lies 10,911 meters below the surface of the Pacific, but the Ocean’s average depth is 4,280 meters.

　　The water temperature of the Pacific varies from freezing at the poles to about 300C near the equator. Its salinity (盐分) also varies from place to place. The water near the equator is less salty because of the rainfall there, but at the poles salinity is also low, because little evaporation (蒸发) takes place in the cold water of these areas.

　　The exploitation (开采) of the Pacific’s mineral wealth is difficult in its deeper parts. However, in the shallow waters of the continental shelves off the coasts of Australia and New Zealand, oil and natural gas are exploited, and pearls are harvested along the coasts of Australia, Japan, Nicaragua and the Philippines.

　　The Pacific’s greatest wealth is its fish, but the fishing industry has been harmed greatly by marine pollution. The biggest harm comes from rivers that carry into the Ocean many chemicals used as fertilizers in agriculture, as well as waste. These days many countries are coming together to try to protect the Ocean.

　　1. Ferdinand Magellan gave the Ocean its name because he________.

　　A. expected to live a peaceful life

　　B．hoped there would be no more wars

　　C．came upon no serious storms while crossing it

　　D．expected to stay safe and healthy there

　　2. From the passage, what do we know about the Pacific Ocean?

　　A．It contains about 32% of the Earth’s surface water.

　　B．It has suffered many natural disasters.

　　C．Its deeper parts haven’t been exploited.

　　D．New Guinea is on the north of it.

　　3. Why is the water at the poles less salty?

　　A．Little of it turns into steam.

　　B．There is abundant rainfall there.

　　C．The ocean currents are slow there.

　　D．Melting snow adds water to the ocean.

　　4. We can infer from the passage that________.

　　A. countries near the Ocean benefit from being on it

　　B．pearls are a major source of income in Japan

　　C．most people prefer to live near the Ocean

　　D．all the countries along the Ocean are developed

　　[解题导语]　本文从几个方面简要介绍太平洋。

　　1.解析：选C。细节理解题。根据whose voyage was plain there可知选C。plain sailing意为“一帆风顺”。

　　2.解析：选B。细节理解题。根据第一段可知选B；根据第二段可知A、D表述错误；文章倒数第二段提到太平洋的深层很难开采，但并没有提到没开采过，故C项表述错误。

　　3．解析：选A。 细节理解题。根据第三段中because little evaporation takes place in the cold water of these areas可知A正确。因为那儿的海水几乎没有蒸发。B项是赤道附近盐度低的原因。

　　4.解析：选A。推理判断题。从倒数第二段可知那些太平洋的周边国家从海洋的丰富资源中获益不少，因此选A。

　　2016高考训练题。阅读理解阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。Recently a study, led by Pedro Hallal of the Federal University, suggests that nearly a third of adults, 31%, are not getting enough exercise. That rates of exercise have declined is hardly a new discovery. Since the beginning of the industrial revolution, technology and economic growth have helped to create a world in which taking exercise is more and more an option rather than a necessity. But only recently have enough good data been collected from enough places to carry out the sort of analysis Dr Hallal and his colleagues have engaged in.

　　There are common themes in different places. Unsurprisingly, people in rich countries are less active than those in poor ones, and old people are less active than young ones. Less obviously, women tend to exercise less than men—34% are inactive, compared with 28% of men. But there are exceptions. The women of Croatia, Finland, Iraq and Luxembourg, for example, move more than their male countrymen.

　　Malta wins the race for most slothful country, with 72% of adults getting too little exercise, and Swaziland and Saudi Arabia are in close behind, with 69%. In Bangladesh, just 5% of adults fail to exercise enough. Surprisingly, six Americans in ten are active enough according to Dr Hallal’s study, compared with fewer than four in ten British.

　　These high rates of inactivity are worrying. Human beings seem to have evolved(进化) to benefit from exercise while deliberately avoiding it whenever they can. In a state of nature it would be impossible to live a life that did not provide enough of it. But that is no longer the case. Actually lack of enough activity these days has nearly the same effect on life span(寿命) as smoking.

　　1. We may learn from Paragraph 1 that_________.

　　A. the decline of exercise rates is newly discovered

　　B. the study suggests 31% of female adults get too little exercise

　　C. the good enough data has been collected from only one country

　　D. the industrial revolution has changed the way people live to some degree

　　2. According to the study, women of Luxembourg_________.

　　A. have little time to exercise

　　B. hate to get regular exercise

　　C. take more exercise to lose weight

　　D. exercise more than men in their country

　　3. The underlined word “slothful” in Paragraph 3 most probably means_________.

　　A. powerful B. rich C. lazy D. unpopular

　　4. What can be the best title for the text?

　　A. Worldwide Lack of Enough Exercise

　　B. New Health Discovery

　　C. Evolvement of Human Beings

　　D. Benefits of Taking Exercise

　　参考答案1—4、DDCA

　　【阅读理解】科普知识类

　　阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的A,B,C或D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

　　Plants are flowering faster than scientists predicted (预测) in reaction to climate change, which could have long damaging effects on food chains and ecosystems.

　　Global warming is having a great effect on hundreds of plant and animal species around the world, changing some living patterns, scientists say.

　　Increased carbon dioxide (CO2) in the air from burning coal and oil can have an effect on how plants produce oxygen, while higher temperatures and changeable rainfall patterns can change their patterns of growth.

　　“Predicting species’reaction to climate change is a major challenge in ecology, ” said the researchers of several U. S. universities. They said plants had been the key object of study because their reaction to climate change could have an effect on food chains and ecosystem services.

　　The study, published on the Nature website, uses the findings from plant life cycle studies and experiments across four continents and 1, 634 species. It found that some experiments had underestimated (低估) the speed of flowering by 8. 5 times and leafing by 4 times.

　　“Across all species, the experiments under- predicted the speed of the advance—for both leafing and flowering—that results from temperature increases, ”the study said.

　　The design of future experiments may need to be improved to better predict how plants will react to climate change, it said.

　　Plants are necessary for life on the Earth. They are the base of the food chain, using photosynthesis (光合作用) to produce sugar from carbon dioxide and water. They let out oxygen which is needed by nearly every organism on the planet.

　　Scientists believe the world’s average temperature has risen by about 0. 8℃ since 1900, and nearly 0. 2 ℃ every ten years since 1979.

　　So far, efforts to cut emissions (排放) of planet- warming greenhouse gases are not seen as enough to prevent the Earth heating up beyond 2℃ this century—a point scientists say will bring the danger of a changeable climate in which weather extremes are common, leading to drought, floods, crop failures and rising sea levels.

　　1. What is the key information the author wants to give in Paragraph 1?

　　A. Plants’reaction to weather could have damaging effects on ecosystems.

　　B. The increasing speed of flowering is beyond scientists’expectation.

　　C. Climate change leads to the change of food production patterns.

　　D. Food chains have been seriously damaged because of weather.

　　2. We can learn from the study published on the Nature website that　.　

　　A. plants’flowering is 8. 5 times faster than leafing

　　B. there are 1, 634 plant species on the four continents

　　C. scientists should improve the design of the experiments

　　D. the experiments failed to predict how plants react to climate change

　　3. Scientists pay special attention to the study of plants because　.　

　　A. they can prove the climate change clearly

　　B. they are very important in the food chains

　　C. they play a leading role in reducing global warming

　　D. they are growing and flowering much faster than before

　　4. What can be inferred from the last two paragraphs about the world’s temperature?

　　A. It has risen nearly 0. 2℃ since 1979.

　　B. Its change will lead to weather extremes.

　　C. It is 0. 8℃ higher in 1979 than that of 1900.

　　D. It needs to be controlled within 2℃ in this century.

　　【参考答案】1—4、BCBD