2016届高考英语二轮复习阅读理解一百四十集选练：（76）

　　2016高考英语二轮阅读理解一百六十集选练（76）

　　阅读理解。

　　An idea that started in Seattle's public library has spread throughout America and beyond. The concept is simple: help to build a sense of community in a city by getting everyone to read the same book at the same tome.

　　In addition to encouraging reading as a pursuit (追求) to be enjoyed by all, the program allows strangers to communicate by discussing the book on the bus, as well as promoting reading as an experience to be shared in families and schools. The idea came from Seattle librarian Nancy Pearl who launched (发起）the "If All of Seattle Read the Same Book " project in 1998. Her original program used author visits, study guides and book discussion groups to bring people together with a book, but the idea has since expanded to many other American cities, and even to Hong Kong.

　　In Chicago, the mayor(市长）appeared on television to announce the choice of To Kill a Mockingbird as the first book in the "One Book, One Chicago" program. As a result, reading clubs and neighbourhood groups sprang up around the city. Across the US, stories emerged of parents and children reading to each other at night and strangers chatting away on the bus about plot and character.

　　The only problem arose in New York, where local readers could not decide on one book to represent the huge and diverse population. This may show that the idea works best in medium-sized cities or large towns, where a greater sense of unity(一致）can be achieved .Or it may show that New Yorkers rather missed the point ,putting all their energy

　　And passion into the choice of the book rather than discussion about a book itself.

　　Ultinatel was Nancy points out, the level of success is not measured by how many people read a book, but by how many people are enriched by the process. or have enjoyed speaking to someone with whom they would not otherwise have shared a word.

　　(

　　) 1. What is the purpose of the project launched by Nancy?

　　A. To invite authors to guide readers.

　　B. To encourage people to read and share.

　　C. To involve people in community service.

　　D. To promote the friendship between cities.

　　(

　　) 2.Why was it difficult for New Yorkers to carry out the project?

　　A. They had little interest in reading.

　　B. They were too busy to read a book.

　　C. They came from many different backgrounds

　　D. They lacked support from the local government

　　(

　　) 3. According to the passage, where would the project be more easily carried out?

　　A. In large communities with little sense of unity

　　B. In large cities where libraries are far from home

　　C. In medium-sized cities with a diverse population

　　D. In large towns where agreement can be quickly reached

　　(

　　) 4.The underlined words “shared a word” in Paragraph 5 probably mean

　　A. exchanged ideas with each other

　　B. discussed the meaning of a word

　　C. gamed life experience

　　D. used the same language

　　(

　　) 5.According to Nacy, the degree of students of the project is judged by

　　the careful selection of a proper book

　　the growing popularity of the writers

　　C. the number of people who benefit from reading.

　　D. the number of books that each person reads.

　　【文章大意】文章鼓励人们互相分享阅读的想法，并享受分享阅读的过程。

　　1.B细节理解题。定位关键词project launched。根据文章第二段的as well as promoting reading as an experience to be shared in families and schools.和who launched (发起）the "If All of Seattle Read the Same Book可知答案为B。

　　2.C细节理解题。根据文章第四段The only problem arose in New York ,where local readers could not decide on one book to represent the huge and diverse population. 唯一的问题也就产生了纽约,在那里,当地读者不能决定一本书代表巨大而多样化的人口。选C。

　　3.D细节理解题。根据文章第四段This may show that the idea works best in medium-sized cities or large towns, where a greater sense of unity(一致）can be achieved .可知答案。

　　4.A 词义猜测题。从上文阅读不仅要互相分享阅读的想法，还要享受分享阅读的过程。由otherwise可以看出shared a word是指前者，互相分享阅读的想法。

　　5.C主旨大意题。文章鼓励人们互相分享阅读的想法，并享受分享阅读的过程。

　　【科普知识型---阅读理解】

　　Doctors sometimes prescribe light therapy to treat a form of depression in people who get too little morning sun. But too much light at other time may actually cause such mood disorders. Longlasting exposure to light at night brings depression, a new study finds, at least in animals.

　　The new data confirm observations from studies of people who work night shifts, says Richard Stevens of the University of Connecticut Health Centre. Mood disorders join a growing list of problems, including cancer, obesity and diabetes—that can occur when light throws life out of balance by disturbing the biological clock and its timing of daily rhythms.

　　In the new study, Tracy Bedrosian and Randy Nelson of Ohio State University exposed mice to normal light and dark cycles for four weeks. For the next four weeks, half of the mice remained on this schedule, and the rest received continuous dim light throughout their night. Compared with mice exposed to normal nighttime darkness, those getting dim light at night lost their strong preference for sweet drinks，“a sign they no longer get pleasure out of activities they once enjoyed，” Bedrosian says.

　　In a second test, mice were clocked on how long they actively tried to escape a pool of water. Those exposed to night lights stopped struggling and just floated in the water, a sign of “behavioural despair”，10 times as long as the mice that had experienced normal nighttime darkness. All symptoms of depression disappeared within two weeks of the mice returning to a normal lightdark cycle, the researchers report. The scientists also could quash the behavioural symptoms by injecting (注射)the brains of animals with a drug that prohibits the activity of certain molecules linked with human depression. This finding further suggests that light at night may cause something related to depression.

　　Human studies linking nighttime light and mood disorders are important but can't easily detect molecular underpinnings (分子结构)as animal studies can，says George Brainard of Thomas Jefferson University. The new work, he says, suggests that the change of the biological clock by light at night can be “an extremely powerful force in regulating biology and behaviour”．

　　1．After being exposed to continuous nighttime light，the mice ________．

　　A．changed their preferences

　　B．escaped from the water more eagerly

　　C．remained active as before

　　D．showed less interest in their favourites

　　2．What does the underlined word “quash” in Para. 4 probably mean?

　　A．Study.B．Predict.C．Ease.D．Cause.

　　3．We can learn from the last paragraph that ________．

　　A．light at night may have practical value

　　B．the biological clock is beneficial to humans

　　C．human mood disorders cannot be healed easily

　　D．human studies are more important than animal studies

　　4．What is the main idea of the passage?

　　A．Nighttime light may foster depression.

　　B．A drug has been found to cure mood disorders.

　　C．The study on animals can be applied to humans.

　　D．Human biological clock can be controlled by light.

　　【要点综述】光照疗法可以治疗抑郁症，但是，新的研究表明长期暴露于夜晚的灯光也可带来抑郁症，这项研究至少在动物身上得到了验证。

　　1．D　细节理解题。根据“Compared with mice exposed to normal nighttime darkness，those getting dim light at night lost their strong preference for sweet drinks…”可知，那些在夜晚持续接受暗淡灯光的老鼠失去了对于甜饮料的浓厚喜好，即没有那么喜欢甜饮料了，故选D项。

　　2．C　词义猜测题。通过原文quash前面also可以断定，quash的意思等于前面一句话的意思，即症状消失了，故选ease“缓解，减轻”。

　　3．A　推理判断题。根据最后一句可知，灯光可以影响生物钟，生物钟的改变可以影响行为，故选择A项。

　　4．A　主旨大意题。根据文章首段“Doctors sometimes prescribe light therapy to treat a form of depression in people who get too little morning sun.But too much light at other time may actually cause such mood disorders.”可知，本文主要讨论nighttime light与mood disorder或depression的关系，故A项正确。

　　2016高考训练题。阅读理解阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。When my mother was alive, she used to tell me again and again about the value of just being nice. “Never underestimate（低估）the power of a smile,” she would say. I fear she would be very disappointed looking at the world today. A lot of people don’t smile and when it comes to service today, they’re just not nice. Now don’t give me wrong, not all service workers but a good many.

　　I was on the phone the other day with a computer help desk. First a man, then later a 

　　woman, who couldn’t

　　have been ruder. And this to a customer, who didn’t know his way around a PC. But no matter, I could tell they thought I was a bother, The woman, in fact, seemed to be chewing gum as she unemotionally clicked off a series of commands for me to perform.

　　The next day I heard from a friend of mine who got a performance review without his boss once looking up at him. Not once.

　　You see it everywhere. Gone are the days when people cared about you. It’s a sign of the time, I suspect. But that makes me sad — for them and for us all. People who aren’t happy, who don’t smile, who don’t kid, who don’t joke or make light of even bad situations, make for an even worse situation.

　　And it spreads like a cancer. Someone’s rude to you, you’re rude to them and to the next fellow you meet, and on and on. Smiles are contagious（易感染的）but so annoyances. The boss who can’t be bothered with his workers. The celebrity who can’t be bothered with her annoying fans.

　　You know, my mom used to judge presidential candidates by how they smiled. I would say, “But mom, you don’t know if that smile is real.”

　　“Oh, yes I do,” she would tell me. “I can feel it.”

　　It’s in their eyes, she would say. And its in their smile .The rest just kind of falls into place.

　　1.Why did the writer mention his phone call?

　　A. To prove his mother is wrong.

　　B. To show many people aren’t nice.

　　C. To tell us he knows little about computer.

　　D. To share his funny experience with us.

　　2.What is the author’s attitude towards the boss of his friend?

　　A. Opposed.      B. Doubtful.

　　C. Respectful.   D. Supportive.

　　3.When someone is rude to you, you’re advised to ________.

　　A. be rude to the next person

　　B. be nice to the people you meet

　　C. become one just like him or her

　　D. make for a worse situation

　　4.What’s the best title of the passage?

　　A. The power of a smile

　　B. Don’t judge a person by his look

　　C. The effect of rudeness

　　D. Feel a person in his eyes

　　参考答案1—4、BABA

　　阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A.B.C和D项中，选出最佳选项。

　　It is over 40 years since first atomic bomb was dropped on a major city in Japan. Yet even now its effects are showing themselves and may continue to do so for years to come. Much effort and human energy have been used to try to prevent such a terrifying thing from happening again. So far there is no guarantee that it will not. Countries which already possess nuclear knowledge and resources have bombs stored away which are powerful enough to wipe out all life on earth. But this is not all. Other countries, which previously were not so advanced in technology, are gradually buying materials that can be used for making atomic devices. This nuclear energy will naturally be of great value in helping the economy of poorer nations.

　　The generation of electricity through nuclear power came directly from the original work on the atom bomb. Because of the increase in demand for energy and the possibility of decreasing supplies of oil and natural gas, the interest in electricity has increased. One of the by-products of nuclear power stations is plutonium (钸) produced from unclear fuel: plutonium is ingredient (成分) in bomb-making. It means that there are far more opportunities for the manufacture of bombs.

　　This brings the problem to a full circle again. How can something so valuable and useful be controlled so that it works for the benefit and not the destruction of man? (from www.nmet168.com)

　　1. The effects of dropping the first atomic bomb ________.

　　A. are not over

　　B. may go on forever

　　C. could last much longer

　　D. will not be over in the near future

　　2. The writer says that enough atomic bombs have already been manufactured to ________.

　　A. wipe out Japan

　　B. last forever

　　C. act as a peace-keeping device

　　D. destroy all living things

　　3. The advantage of less developed countries being able to make atomic devices is that it ______.

　　A. gives them more opportunities for work

　　B. will help poor countries to become richer

　　C. will enable them to make better explosives

　　D. will be of great value to them

　　4. The second paragraph tells us that the increased demand for electricity today ________.

　　A. has led to the decrease in supplies of oil

　　B. means that more countries are interested in nuclear power

　　C. has increased the risk of accidental explosions

　　D. has increased the very means of producing more atomic bombs

　　 【答案与解析】

　　1. A 细节理解题。根据第一段第二句Yet even now its effects are showing themselves and may continue to do so for years to come可知。

　　2. D 细节理解题。根据第一段“…have bombs stored away which are powerful enough to wipe out all life on earth”一句可知。

　　3. B 细节理解题。根据第一段“This nuclear energy will naturally be of great value in helping the economy of poorer nations”一句可知。

　　4. D 段落主旨题。根据第二段最后一句“It means that there are far more opportunities for the manufacture of bombs.”可知。