2016届高考英语二轮复习阅读理解一百四十集选练：（100）

　　2016高考英语二轮阅读理解一百六十集选练（100）

　　2016高考训练题。阅读理解阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。For thousands of years, mankind has produced plants and animals to create more desired and useful plants and animals. For example, modern com has been produced to such a large size that it is no longer able to reproduce without man’s assistance. Modern dairy cows produce too much milk and if they are not often emptied of milk, they could leak, burst, become infected, and possibly die. Besides, most dogs raised by people can not survive in the wild even with special training.

　　Since natural evolution is extremely slow and mankind’s selective production programs only take a few generations to produce a completely new species, natural evolution has already taken a back seat to mankind’s production programs. In addition, mankind has successfully killed off several species all together. For example, there are no more European wolves in existence and mammoths (猛犸象) probably died out because of mankind. Even certain diseases have been permanently got rid of from the planet, and dozens of other diseases will soon be too. Again, natural evolution did i»t cause most of the destruction during man’s rule of the world.

　　Currently, scientists are creating new species with desired characteristics in the lab significantly faster than natural evolution creates new species. In a single generation, new species can be created and destroyed by mankind, while natural evolution could take thousands of years to do the same but only accidentally. Scientists are even able to replace defective (有缺陷的) or damaged genes with different genes to attempt to cure genetic defects. This is something that natural evolution could possibly never correct.

　　Eventually scientists will even be able to improve the quality of people. For example, imagine not only correcting your eyesight with gene treatment, but also ensuring that all of your children do not receive your old genes of poor eyesight too. Scientists will one day be able to improve the memory and intelligence of your children, so that they will do better in school and achieve more in life. Doctors and scientists will be able to customize (订制) babies before they are born just like picking options at a car store.

　　1.According to the first paragraph,______ .

　　　A. man-made evolution has improved all species

　　　B. man-made evolution has weakened some species

　　　C man-made evolution can make up for all natural losses

　　D. natural evolution won’t happen without man’s assistance

　　2. What does the underlined part “taken a back seat to” in Paragraph 2 mean?

　　　A. Become powerful assistance to.

　　B. Become a huge barrier to.

　　　C Speeded up the process of.

　　D. Played a less important role than.

　　3 What does the third paragraph mainly talk about?

　　　A. Why natural evolution happens so slowly.

　　　B. The way scientists adopt to have genetic defects repaired.

　　　C. The advantages of man-made evolution over natural evolution.

　　D. How scientists make use of man-made evolution to create new species.—3、BDC

　　【阅读理解】介绍说明类

　　阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的A,B,C或D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

　　While some dictionaries define the word “right” as “a privilege” when used in the context of “human rights”, we are talking about something more basic. Originally, people had rights only because of their membership in a group, such as a family. Then, in 539 BC, Cyrus the Great, after conquering the city of Babylon, did something totally unexpected—he set all slaves free and let them return home. Moreover, he declared people should choose their own religion. Cyrus’ statements are about the first “human rights” declaration in history.

　　Every person has certain basic rights, simply by the fact of being human. These are called “human rights” rather than a privilege, which can be taken away at someone’s sudden desire. They are “rights” because they are things you are allowed to be, to do or to have. These rights are there for your protection against people who might want to harm or hurt you. They are also there to help us get along with each other and live in peace.

　　Yet many people, when asked to name their rights, will list only freedom of speech and belief and perhaps one or two others. There is no question that these are important rights, but the full scope of human rights is very broad. They mean choice and opportunity. They mean the freedom to get a job, adopt a career, select a partner of one’s choice and raise children. They include the right to travel widely and the right to work without trouble, abuse and threat of arbitrary (霸道) dismissal. They even embrace the right to leisure.

　　In ages past, there were no human rights. Then the idea turned up that people should have certain freedoms. And that idea, in the wake of World War II, resulted finally in the document called the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the thirty rights to which all people are entitled.

　　1. Which of the following is the best title for the text?

　　A. What Are Human Rights?

　　B. Why Do We Have Human Rights?

　　C. How Do Human Rights Come Into Being?

　　D. What To Do With Human Rights?

　　2. How did the first human rights come into being?

　　A. By Cyrus conquering the city of Babylon.

　　B. By Cyrus setting the slaves free.

　　C. By Cyrus making his statement about human rights.

　　D. By choosing ones own beliefs.

　　3. Which of the following is TRUE according to the text?

　　A. Human rights can be taken away for some reason.

　　B. Human rights have the same meaning as privileges.

　　C. Human rights can help you live a peaceful life.

　　D. Human rights can be used to hurt others.

　　4. The underlined word “embrace” in the third paragraph means　.

　　A. to seekB. to includeC. to enjoyD. to share

　　5. From the last paragraph we can infer that　.

　　A. people would have freedom rather than human rights

　　B. at the beginning of 20th the more complete rights appeared

　　C. thirty human rights have existed for about 70 years

　　D. World War II decided human rights

　　【参考答案】1—5、ACCBC

　　阅读理解。阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。

　　What makes a person a scientist？Does he have ways or tools of learning that are different from those of others？The answer is “NO”．It is not what the tools that a scientist uses but how he uses these tools that makes him a scientist.You will probably agree that knowing how to use the power is important to a carpenter (木匠)．You will probably agree，too，that knowing how to investigate (调查)，how to discover information，is important to everyone.The scientist，however，goes one step further，he must be sure that he has a reasonable answer to his questions and that his answer can be confirmed (确认) by other persons.He also works to fit the answers he gets to many questions into a large set of ideas about how the world works.

　　The scientist’s knowledge must be exact.There is no room for half right or right just half the time.He must be as nearly right as the conditions permit.What works under one set of conditions sometimes must work under the same conditions at other times.If the conditions are different，any changes the scientist observes in a demonstration (演示) must be explained by the changes in the conditions.This is one reason that investigations are important in science.Albert Einstein，who developed the theory of relativity，arrived at this theory through mathematics.The accuracy of his mathematics was later tested through investigations.Einstein’s ideas were shown to be correct.A scientist uses many tools for measurements.Then the measurements are used to make mathematical calculations that may test his investigations.

　　1．What makes a scientist according to the passage?

　　A．The tools he uses.B．His ways of learning.

　　C．The ways he uses his tools.D．The different tools.

　　解析：　细节理解题。由第一段“It is not what the tools that a scientist uses but how he uses these tools that makes him a scientist.”可知。

　　答案：　C

　　．What can we learn from the passage?

　　A．The scientist’s knowledge is always right under all conditions.

　　B．When the condition changes，the result of the observation may also change.

　　C．Condition makes no difference to scientists.

　　D．There’s no point for ordinary people knowing how to investigate.

　　解析：　细节理解题。由第二段“If the conditions are different，any changes the scientist observes in a demonstration (演示) must be explained by the changes in the conditions.”可知。

　　答案：　B

　　3．“The scientist，however，goes one step further，...”the author says this to show ________.

　　A．the importance of information

　　B．the importance of thinking

　　C．the difference between scientists and ordinary people

　　D．the difference between carpenters and people with other

　　jobs

　　解析：　句意理解题。上文提到了如何调查，如何发现信息对每个人来说都很重要，下文用however引起转折，说明科学家们应该更进一步，他必须确保问题有合理的答案。故此处的the scientist，however，goes one step further，...用来说明科学家和普通人的不同之处。

　　答案：　C

　　．A scientific theory should be one that________.

　　A．not only works under one set of conditions sometimes，but also works under the same conditions at other times

　　B．leaves no room for improvement

　　C．does not allow any change even under different conditions

　　D．can be used for many purposes

　　解析：　细节理解题。由“What works under one set of conditions sometimes must work under the same conditions at other times.”可知答案。

　　答案：　A

　　．What is the main idea of the passage?

　　A．Scientists are different from ordinary people.

　　B．The theory of relativity.

　　C．Exactness is the center of science.

　　D．Exactness and way of using tools are the keys to the making of a scientist.

　　解析：　主旨大意题。本文第一句“What makes a person a scientist？”提出了文章的主题，第一段论述“how a scientist uses these tools makes him a scientist”，第二段论述“The scientist’s knowledge must be exact”，故D正确。其余各项只是文章中的细节。

　　答案：　D

　　Bill Javis took over our village’s news-agency at a time of life when most of us only wanted to relax. He just thought he would like something but not too much to do, and the news-agency was ready-made. The business produced little enough for him, but Bill was a man who only wanted the simplicity and order and regularity of the job. He had been a long-serving sailor, and all his life had done everything by the clock.

　　Every day he opened his shop at 6:00 a. m. to catch the early trade; the papers arrived on his doorstep before that. Many of Bill’s customers were city workers, and the shop was convenient for the station. Business was tailing off by 10 o’clock, so at eleven sharp Bill closed for lunch. It was hard luck on anybody who wanted a paper or magazine in the afternoon, for most likely Bill would be down on the river bank, fishing, and his neatest competitor was five kilometers away. Sometimes in the afternoon-, the evening paper landed on the doorway, and at 4 o’ clock Bill reopened his shop. The evening rush lasted till seven, and it was worthwhile.

　　He lived in a flat above the ship, alone. Except in the very bad weather, you always knew where to find him in the afternoon, as I have said. Once, on a sunny afternoon, I walked home along the river bank from a shopping trip to the village. By my watch it was three minutes past four, so I was astonished to see Bill sitting there on his little chair with a line in the, water. He had no luck, I could, see, but he was making no effort to move.

　　“What’s wrong, Bill?” I called out from the path.

　　For answer, he put a hand in his jacket and took out a big, golden object. For a moment I had no idea what it could be, and then it suddenly went off with a noise like a fire engine. Stopping the bell, Bill held the thing up and called back, "Ten to four, you see, and this is dead right. "

　　I had never known anyone carrying a brass alarm clock round with him before.

　　1. Bill Javis became a news-agent when ________.

　　A. he need the money.

　　B. he decided to take things easy

　　C. he was quite an old man

　　D. he gave up clock-repairing

　　2. Bill opened the shop so early in the day because ________.

　　A. he liked to do as much as possible before he went to work

　　B. the shop had to be open when the morning papers came

　　C. he was never sure of time

　　D. it was then that he did a lot of business

　　3. On that sunny afternoon, the writer was surprised when he saw Bill because ________.

　　A. he thought it was late for Bill to be still fishing

　　B. he thought Bill was ill, since he was not moving at all

　　C. Bill had not caught anything, and that seemed strange

　　D. Bill stayed in his flat

　　4. From the information given in the passage, who or what do you think was wrong?

　　A. The bell was; it must have gone off at the wrong time.

　　B. Bill was; he had dropped off to sleep.

　　C. The writer’s watch was fast.

　　D. Bill’s clock was wrong; it was old.

　　【参考答案及解析】

　　1. C 推断题。at a time of life when most of us only wanted to relax和He had been a long-serving sailor这两点说明他已上了年纪。

　　2. D 推断题。第二段开头说他6点开门，报纸在这之前已送到，而且还可以catch the early trade。

　　3. A 推断题。Bill通常4点会重新开店，而那天作者的表已过4点，Bill还没有离开的意思，所以他非常惊讶。

　　4. C 细节题。A项中go off是爆发，产生很大声音；B项中drop off to sleep是不知不觉入睡；文章中倒数第二段最后一句话this is dead right 中dead是“非常，完全”的意思，可见，Bill的clock没错。