2016届高考英语二轮复习阅读理解训练七十集之连载（32）

　　2016高考英语二轮阅读理解训练七十集之连载（32）

　　【阅读理解】介绍说明类

　　阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的A,B,C或D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

　　For millions of Facebook users, choosing which photo to use for an online profile is an important decision. According to a study by researchers at the UT Dallas Center, the photos we select may reflect individual preferences, but they also appear to reflect more deeply rooted, unconscious cultural differences.Previous research has shown that culture can affect not only language and custom, but also how we experience the world and process information. Western cultures，for example，condition people to think of themselves as highly independent entities (实体)，whereas East Asian cultures stress collectivism and interdependence.

　　Dr. Denise Park, co-director of the Center at UT Dallas, and former graduate student Dr. ChihMao Huang of the University of Illinois, were curious about whether these patterns of cultural influence extend to cyberspace. In a paper published in the International Journal of Psychology, they examined the profile photographs of more than 500 active Facebook users from the United States a nd East Asia. Overall, they found that profile photos of Americans are more likely to focus on the individual's face，while the profiles of East Asians tend to less emphasize the face and include more background features. Americans also show greater smile intensity compared to East Asian Facebook users.

　　The findings show marked cultural differences in the focus of attention among East Asian and American Facebook users. Moreover, they echo previous research on cultural influences on visual perception(感知），attention, and reasoning in the offline world.

　　“We believe these findings relate to a cultural bias to be more individualistic and independent in the US and more communal and interdependent in Asia”，said Park.

　　The research also found that cultural influences over our self-presentation online can shift over time and from place to place. In one of the study samples, Americans studying in Japan and Japanese studying in the US both showed a tendency to adjust their profile photos to the general preferences of their host country.

　　“ Facebook constitutes an extended social context in which personal profiles mirror various individual characteristics，private thoughts，and social behaviors，” noted Huang. “ As such，the study presents a new approach to investigate cognition and behaviors across cultures by using Facebook as a data collection platform. ”

　　1. The underlined word ‘‘condition” in the first paragraph probably means _______.

　　A. adviseB. instructC. shapeD. forbid

　　2. We can know from the passage that Mongolians probably emphasize________.

　　A. cultural influencesB. social behaviors

　　C. independent existenceD. collective power

　　3. It can be inferred that a Korean studying in the US is likely to _______.

　　A. use a picture of his face on Facebook

　　B. adjust to American preferences quickly

　　C. change his profile photos from time to time

　　D. put up a photo of his apartment on Facebook

　　4. According to Dr. Huang, Facebook can help to _______.

　　A. make up a more extended social context

　　B. study the diversity of worldwide cultures

　　C. promote communication between east and west

　　D. combine different cultures from different aspects

　　【参考答案】1—4、CDAB

　　2016高考训练题。阅读理解阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。Scientists fear rising energy bills may lead to an increase in obesity （肥胖） after discovering a link between poorly-heated homes and higher body -fat．

　　Researchers from the University of Stirling’s Behavioural Science Centre set out to explore claims that warm indoor temperatures have contributed to rising obesity levels in winter．Instead, the team found that people who live in well-heated homes are more likely to have low body mass index （体重指数） levels while those who keep their heating turned down or off tend to be heavier．

　　Dr Michael Daly, behavioral scientist and senior lecturer, said: "We set out to investigate the scientific claims that cooler indoor temperatures help us maintain a healthy weight by pushing our bodies to use up more energy. In fact, the research suggests people may eat less and burn more energy when in a warmer indoor environment．

　　The 13-year study, published in the journal Obesity, involved more than 100,000 adults across England．

　　Researchers found reduced weight levels among people living in homes heated to above 23°C（73F）, which involved about 15,000 of the households studied．

　　Dr Daly said: "As national gas bills continue to rise faster than the rate of inflation, this research suggests the obesity could worsen where heating is turned down below comfortable levels or off for long periods to cut costs．"

　　This is not just about people who live in well-heated homes being in the financial position to afford more expensive low-calorie foods, exercise classes and sporting activities, and therefore finding it easier to maintain a low BMI level．The study took age, sex, social class and other factors into account．

　　"The comfortable temperature of 20°C -23°C is where we feel comfortable in our clothes and are neither hot nor cold．At temperatures above this, we use more energy and we eat less because our appetite is affected．"

　　1. The findings of the research can be described as ___．

　　A．horrible

　　B．surprising

　　C．funny

　　D．encouraging

　　According to the passage, with rising gas bills, people may turn down or off their heating to______.

　　A．stay in shape

　　B．maintain a low BMI level

　　C．save money

　　D．avoid eating more

　　. Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?

　　A．Obesity links to poorly-heated homes

　　B．Well-heated home's contribute to obesity

　　C．Obesity--- A weighty problem in England

　　D．Rising energy bills help maintain a healthy weight

　　—3、BCA

　　【阅读理解】介绍说明类

　　阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的A,B,C或D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

　　Researchers have just offered evidence in a study that says obesity appears to spread through social ties, much like a virus. When one person gains weight, their close friends often follow. But the finding might also offer hope.

　　If friends help make obesity acceptable, then might also be influential in losing the fat. The researchers note that support groups are already an effective tool in dealing with other socially influenced problems, like alcoholism.

　　The findings appeared in the New England Journal of Medicine, The researchers used information collected from 12,000 people. It was collected between 1971 and 2003 as part of the Framingham Heart Study.

　　The information was highly detailed. There was even contact information for close friends of the people in the study.

　　The researchers examined more than 40,000 social ties. They found that a person’s chances of becoming severely overweight increased by 57% if a friend had become obese.

　　A sister or brother of a person who became obese had a 40% increased chance of becoming obese. The risk for a wife or husband was a little less than that.

　　Nicholas Christakis of Harvard Medical School was a lead investigator in the study. He says there is a direct causal relationship between a person getting fat and being followed in weight gain by a friend.

　　The study found that the sex of the friends was also an influence. In same-sex friendships a person had a 70% increased risk of becoming obese.Men had a 44% increased risk of becoming obese after weight gain in brother. In sisters, it was 67%.

　　The researchers also considered the effect of where people lived in relation to each other. James Fowler of the University of California, San Diego, was the other lead investigator. He says a friend who lives a few hundred kilometers away has as much influence as one in the same neighborhood. He says the study demonstrates the need to consider that a major part of people’s health is tied to their social connections.

　　Both investigators say their research shows that obesity is not just a private medical issue, but a public health problem.

　　1. What does the underlined sentence in Para. 2 mean?

　　A. Obesity has a negative influence on a close friend.

　　B. Friends might also play a part in losing weight.

　　C. One might have a positive influence on one’s friend.

　　D. Friends usually don’t follow each other to lose weight.

　　2. Who is mostly likely to gain weight?

　　A. A man who has a fat brotherB. A husband who has a fat wife

　　C. A wife who has a fat husbandD. A woman who has a fat female friend

　　3. Which of the following statements doesn’t the passage agree with?

　　A. You are sure to lose weight if you have a skinny friend.

　　B. If one gains weight, one’s friends are likely to get fat.

　　C. A person’s health is closely linked with his /her social relationship.

　　D. Even if the friend lives far away, the influence still remains.

　　4. The reason why the study involves both family members and friends is that_______.

　　A. researchers fail to find a more different sample

　　B. researchers have different ideas for family members and friends

　　C. researchers can meet these people regularly

　　D. researchers can compare the results

　　【参考答案】1—4、BDAD

　　2016高考训练题。阅读理解阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。An estimated 80 percent of American adults think music lessons, though at times boring and challenging in the eyes of some kids, improve children’s ability to learn or their performance in school. They say that the satisfaction for learning to play a new song helps a child express creativity.

　　Researchers at Harvard University , however, have found that there’s one thing musical training does not do. Samuel Mehr, the leading researcher of the new study, said it is wrong to think that learning to play a musical instrument improves a child’s intellectual development. The evidence comes from studies that measured the mental ability of two groups of 4-year-olds and their parents. One group attended music class; the comparison group went to a class that places importance on the optical arts-arts that can be seen.

　　“We found no evidence for any advantage on any of these tests for the kids participating in these music classes,” said Mehr.

　　Samuel Mehr says researchers have carried out many studies in an effort to learn whether musical training can make children smarter. Only one study seems to show a small percentage increase in IQ, intellectual scores among students after one year of music lessons.

　　He does not believe that IQ is a good measure of a child’s intelligence. Therefore, the researchers in his study compared how well children in the musical training group did on mental processing tasks, then the results were compared to those of children who did not take lessons.

　　Music lessons may not offer children a fast easy way to gain entry to the best schools later of their life, but the training is still important.

　　Mr Mehr notes that the works of writer William Shakespeare are not taught , so the children will do better in physics. He says Shakespeare is taught because it is important for cultural reasons.“And I don’t think music needs to be any different than that.”

　　1. What attitude do most American grown-ups have towards music lessons?

　　A. Approving

　　B. Uninterested

　　C. Doubtful

　　D. Uncertain

　　2. The underlined word“optical”in Paragraph 2 probably means

　　A. colorful

　　B. visual

　　C. traditional

　　D. serious

　　3. How did Samuel Mehr draw his conclusion in the new study?

　　A. By studying previous research results

　　B. By measuring the IQ of the kids.

　　C. By referring to some documents

　　D. By comparing two different groups

　　4. The study shows that

　　A. early music training has negative effects

　　B. musical lessons should be stopped at school

　　C. playing musical instrument makes kids more creative

　　D. musical training doesn’t improve kids’ intelligence

　　参考答案1—4、ABDD