2016高考英语一轮课件优化复习（山东专用）人教版必修五《Unit1 Great scientists》伟大的科学家

　　4．Don’t be so discouraged.If you __________ such feelings，you will do better next time. A．carry on

　　B．get back C．break down

　　D．put away 解析：选D。考查动词短语辨析。carry on开展，进行；get back取回，拿回；break down分解，崩溃；put away收拾起来。 1(教材P2)So many thousands of terrified people died every_time there was an outbreak. 每次爆发霍乱时，都有大批惊恐的老百姓病死。 句型精析 【点津】　(1)every time引导一个时间状语从句，相当于whenever，意思是“每当……”。 (2)名词词组作连词用，引导时间状语从句的还有：each time，any time,the last time，next time，the first time，the moment，the second，the minute，the hour，the day等。 (3)有些副词，如directly，instantly，immediately也可引导状语从句。 ①Next time you come to Beijing，be sure to let me know in advance.下次你来北京，务必要提前告诉我。 ②Every_time/Each_time they met，they would talk long hours together.他们每次见面都会谈论很长时间。 ③The moment he got out of the airport，the pop star was surrounded by his fans. 这位著名的歌星一出飞机场，就被歌迷围了起来。 ④Immediately she saw her mother，she burst into tears. 她一看见母亲就突然哭起来。 【温馨提示】　(1)for the first time是介词短语，只可作时间状语，而the first time是连词，引导时间状语从句。 (2)It is the first time that...(如果前面用is，从句动词用现在完成时；如果用was，则用过去完成时。) (3)It’s high/about time that...(从句动词用过去时或should＋动词原形) ⑤It is the first time that I have visited the Great Wall. 这是我第一次参观长城。 ⑥It_is_high_time_that we left for Beijing. 到我们出发去北京的时间了。 2(教材P2)Neither its cause nor its cure was understood. 人们既不知道其起因，也不知道它的治疗方法。 【点津】　neither...nor... 既不……也不……，连接句中两个相同成分。 ①I neither knew nor cared what had happened to him. 我既不知道也不关心他出了什么事。 ②Neither Jim nor his parents have seen the film. ＝Neither his parents nor Jim has seen the film. 吉姆和她的父母都没有看过这部电影。 【温馨提示】　(1)句型“nor/neither＋系动词/助动词/情态动词＋另一个主语”用于否定陈述句之后，表示“也不”，相当于either用于否定句。 ③I haven’t seen the film，nor/neither has Mary. 我没看过这部电影，玛丽也没看过。 (2)“so＋助动词/be/情态动词＋主语”,表示上句所谈到的情况也适用于另一主语。 ④If you go to David’s wedding tomorrow，so_will_I. 如果你明天参加戴维的婚礼，那我也去。 (3)如果下文表示的是对上文的赞成或肯定，则仅需要把so放于句首，其后用正常语序。 ⑤—He came to school late yesterday. ——他昨天上学迟到了。 —So he did.——他确实迟到了。 (4)如果表示前面两件或两件以上的事也适合于另一人或物时，则需要用So it is/was with...或It is/was the same with...。 ⑥Mary was born in Australia and she lived in the United States.So_it_was_with Jane./It_was_the_same with Jane. 玛丽在澳大利亚出生，在美国居住。简也是。 跟踪训练 1．Bill wasn’t happy about the delay of the report by Jason，and __________. A．I was neither

　　B．neither was I C．I was either

　　D．either was I 解析：选B。句意为：比尔对贾森推迟做报告这件事表示不高兴，我也不高兴。根据题意可知，我也不(高兴),neither/nor＋系动词/助动词/情态动词＋sb.表示某人也不(同意或赞成上文的观点)，易把either看做neither，无either was I句式，故选B。 2．If Joe’s wife won’t go to the party,__________. A．he will either

　　B．neither will he C．he neither will

　　D．either he will 解析：选B。考查倒装句。其形式为neither/nor＋助动词＋主语。 3．Neither I nor Jane and Mary __________ tired of having one examination after another. A．is

　　B．are C．am

　　D．be 解析：选B。本题考查neither...nor...连接两个主语时的主谓一致问题。根据邻近原则be动词应与Jane and Mary一致，故用复数are。 4．(2011·高考江西卷)—I reminded you not to forget the appointment. —__________. A．So you did

　　B．So I do not C．So did you

　　D．So do I 解析：选A。本题考查固定句式用法。So＋主语＋助动词/连系动词/情态动词,表示对别人说法予以认可。 5．—I like to surf the Internet but I don’t like to watch TV. —__________. A．So do I

　　B．Nor do I C．As do I

　　D．So it is with me 解析：选D。So it is/was with...“……也这样”，主要用来表示“一个人的多种情况与另一个人的多种情况是一致的”。 6．(2011·高考大纲全国卷)Jane won’t join us for dinner tonight and __________. A．neither won’t Tom

　　B．Tom won’t either C．Tom will too

　　D．so will Tom 解析：选B。句意：简今晚不和我们一起吃晚饭了，汤姆也不来了。本题考查句子结构。分析句子结构和句意可知，空格处的句子意为“……也不如此”。句子的前半部分表示否定，所以可排除C项和D项；A项中won’t形式不对，故选B，相当于：neither/nor will Tom。 7．__________ you talk with someone or write a message，you show your skills to others. A．At times

　　B．Some time C．Every time

　　D．The time 解析：选C。句意：每次你与别人交谈或写信息，你都向别人展示你的技能。every time是名词词组用作连词，引导时间状语从句。 本部分内容讲解结束 按ESC键退出全屏播放 Ⅱ.单项填空 1．According to the driver’s explanation，it was not his carelessness but the bad road conditions that __________ for the accident. A．was to blame　 B．was to be blamed C．were to be blamed

　　D．were to blame 解析：选D。考查be＋动词不定式的用法。be＋动词不定式可表示该做或不该做的事情。be to blame意思为“应该负责；应该受惩罚”。(注意：not...but...连接两个名词作主语时，句子谓语单复数根据就近原则决定。故选D项。 2．Nowadays，children are __________ to too many violent online games，which is bad for the development of their character. A．linked

　　B．led C．used

　　D．exposed 解析：选D。考查动词辨析。句意为：当今，孩子们接触过多暴力网络游戏，这对他们的性格发展不好。be exposed to接触……，暴露在……，符合题意。 3．After __________ while，the manager drew __________ conclusion that they wouldn’t take the risk of buying this dying factory. A．a；a

　　B．a；the C．不填；a

　　D．不填；the 解析：选A。考查冠词。after a while(一会儿)和draw/come to a conclusion...(得出结论)，是固定短语。 4．My English teacher，who is strict __________ us，contributes some articles __________ the newspaper every month. A．with；to

　　B．with；for C．in；to

　　D．in；for 解析：选A。考查介词搭配。be strict with sb.表示“对某人严格要求”；contribute...to...表示“对……做出贡献；向……投稿”。 5．When I opened the door，I found my father sitting in his chair，completely __________ a magazine. A．absorbing in

　　B．absorbed in C．absorbing to

　　D．absorbed with 解析：选B。句意：当我打开门时，我发现父亲正坐在椅子上全神贯注地看杂志。be absorbed in“全神贯注于……”，absorbed...为形容词短语，在句中作伴随状语。 短语精释 1put forward　提出(建议)；推荐；将……提前 (教材P1)Who put forward a theory about black holes? 谁提出的黑洞理论？ 归纳拓展 put away/aside放在一边；收拾起来；储存 put up with忍受 put back放回 put out扑灭 put up 举起；建造 put off延期 ①The plan put forward by the old professor was well worth considering.那位老教授提出的计划很值得考虑。 ②They have put forward the date of their wedding by one week.他们将婚礼日期提前了一周。 ③(2011·高考课标全国卷)I can put_up_with the house being untidy，but I hate it if it’s not clean. 我可以忍受房间乱点儿，但我讨厌它不干净。 ④It is wise to have some money put_away for old age. 存些钱养老是明智的做法。 2make sense　有意义；有道理；讲得通 (教材P7)Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense.　只有当你把太阳放在中心位置上，天空中其他行星的运动才能说得清楚。 归纳拓展 ①It makes sense to work on the problem before it gets out of control. 在失控前致力于解决这个问题，这么做是明智的。 ②There are so many new words in the passage that I could hardly make_any_sense_of them at all.这一段中有那么多生词以致于我根本不理解它们的含义。

　　③(朗文P1855)There is no sense in

　　my painting the door if we’re going to replace it later.如果我们打算以后把门换掉，那我给它上漆就毫无意义了。 ④In_no_sense do I agree with this suggestion. 无论如何我都不赞同这个建议。 跟踪训练 Ⅰ.完成句子 1．At the meeting，Robert ________________________________(提出一项建议)which was well received by everyone present. put forward a suggestion 2．No matter how I tried to read it，the sentence ________________(讲不通)． didn’t make sense 3．—Why not join us in playing football? —I’m afraid not，for I ________________ important ________________.(处理) have something to attend to 4．The boss of Microsoft is ____________________________(对职员非常严格)，so everyone in the company has to be completely strict __________ their work. very strict with the staff in 5．_________________________(除费用之外)，the dress doesn’t suit me.

　　6．Many of these conditions ________________(与……有关) unsafe drinking water，dirty living conditions and air pollution. Apart from the cost are linked to Ⅱ.单项填空 1．None of the travelers paid attention to the advice __________ by the villager and got lost in the forest. A．put away

　　B．put up C．put forward

　　D．put out 解析：选C。考查短语动词。根据语境可知，游客们在森林里迷路了，是因为他们中没有一个人在意那位村民提出(put forward)的建议。put away放起来；put up展示，张贴；put out扑灭。 2．(2016·上海交大附中模拟)—________to the sun，the flower will become dry soon. —What you said does make________. A．Exposed；sense

　　B．Exposing；sense C．Exposed；senses

　　D．Exposing；a sense 解析：选A。句意：——暴露在日光下，这花儿很快就会被晒干。——你说的话的确有道理。第一个空expose与flower之间是动宾关系，所以应用过去分词作状语，第二个空make sense为固定用法，表示“有道理，讲得通”。 3．(2011·高考福建卷)__________ good service，the restaurant offers different kinds of traditional Fujian dishes. A．Far from

　　B．Apart from C．Instead of

　　D．Regardless of 解析：选B。句意：除了良好的服务以外，饭店还提供不同种类的传统福建美食。本题考查介词短语的辨析。apart from除了；far from完全不；instead of代替，而不是；regardless of不管，不顾。根据句意可知，正确答案为B项。 ③(牛津 P409)I’ve come to the conclusion

　　that he is not the right person for the job.我断定他不适合做这项工作。 2defeat　vt.打败；战胜；使受挫　n．失败 (教材 P3)Finally “King Cholera” was defeated. 最终，霍乱被打败了。 ①(朗文P528)It was a lack of money，not effort，that defeated their plan. 他们的计划失败并非努力不够，而是缺乏资金。 ②Although there were lots of difficulties to overcome，she never let her problems defeat her.虽然生活中有许多困难要去克服，但她从不让困难打败自己。 ③As is expected，our baseball team has suffered another defeat.正如所预料的一样，我们的棒球队再次失败了。 辨析defeat/beat/win defeat/beat defeat和beat是同义词，其宾语为“人”或“一个团体”，常可互换。defeat侧重在战场上打败敌人。beat常用于游戏或比赛中。 win win后接sth.，表示在较强的竞争中取得了胜利，宾语多用game，war，prize等词，不能是人；win也可用作不及物动词，表示“赢，获胜”。 巧思妙解 用win，beat，defeat填空 (1)No difficulty could ______________ this brave man since he is so confident and capable. defeat/beat (2)He was so nervous that he could feel his heart ________ faster. (3)Who do you think will ________ the beauty contest? beating win 3expose 　vt. 暴露，揭露；使曝光；使面临 (教材P2)But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera.　但当他一想到要帮助那些得了霍乱的普通百姓时，就感到很受鼓舞。 (1)expose...to 使显露；暴露 expose sth.to sb. 向某人揭发某事 (2)be exposed to 暴露于……，处于……危险中 助 记 图解expose的一词多义：

　　归纳拓展

　　①(上海高考)Being exposed to sunlight for too much time will do harm to one’s skin. 暴露在阳光下太久对皮肤有害。 ②Don’t expose_your_skin_to direct sunlight，or you’ll get burnt. 不要让你的皮肤直接暴晒于阳光下，否则你会被晒伤。 ③It is reported that he exposed the truth of the milk poisoning incident to the public. 他向公众揭露了毒奶粉事件的真相。 4absorb 　vt. 吸收；吸引；使专心；并入，并吞；理解，掌握 (教材P2)The second suggested that people absorbed this disease into their bodies with their meals. 第二种看法表明人们是在吃饭时把这种病毒引入体内的。 归纳拓展

　　①(朗文P7)You could tell he was absorbed in his conversation，not paying

　　much attention to

　　the road. 可以看出，他当时光顾着说话而没有注意到路上的情况。 ②(朗文P7)I keep the lesson simple because small kids can’t absorb that much. 我把课讲得很简单，因为小孩子理解不了那么多。 ③Absorbed_in his work，Tom simply forgot food and sleep. 汤姆专心于工作，几乎忘记了吃饭和睡觉。

　　5blame 　vt. 责备；谴责；把……归咎于　n．过失；责备 (教材P2)It seemed that the water was to blame. 看来水是罪魁祸首。 归纳拓展 ①(牛津P192)Police are blaming the accident on dangerous driving.警方把事故原因归咎于危险驾驶。 ②Mr.Green stood up in defence of the 16-year-old boy，saying that he was not the one to_blame.格林先生站起来保护这个16岁的男孩，说他不是该受谴责的人。 ③He put the blame for his failure in the exam on his teacher.＝He blamed his failure in the exam on his teacher. 他将这次考试的失败归咎于他的老师。 ④Blamed_for the breakdown of the school computer network，Alice was in low spirits.因弄坏了学校计算机网络系统而受到谴责，Alice情绪很低落。 6contribute　vt.& vi.捐款；贡献；捐助 归纳拓展 ①Eating too much fat can contribute to heart disease and cause high blood pressure. 摄入太多的脂肪会导致心脏病和高血压的发生。 ②Many people contributed money to the poor boy，which contributed to his returning to school.A writer wrote a story about it and contributed it to a newspaper.许多人给这个可怜的小男孩捐钱，这使他重新回到了校园。一位作家写了一篇关于此事的文章并把它投到了报社。 ③I admire Edison a lot because he made great contributions_to the world. 我敬佩爱迪生，因为他对世界作出了巨大贡献。 跟踪训练 Ⅰ.选词填空 defeat；contribute；expose；blame；cure；conclude 1．We all feel it is Jack as well as his wife that is to __________ for their son’s bad performance at school. 2．His grandfather died before long，because the doctors didn’t __________ him of his lung cancer. blame cure 3．Let me __________ my speech with a saying：Where there is a will，there is a way. 4．As is known to us，a balanced diet and proper exercise can __________ to good health. conclude contribute 5．The army was well-trained and well-armed，and had little difficulty __________ the enemy. 6．He smiled suddenly，__________ a set of amazing white teeth. defeating exposing Unit 1　Great scientists ——伟大的科学家 基础盘点自测自评 核心单词

　　1．The writer was so ____________ (专心于)in her work that she didn’t notice Jim enter the room. absorbed 2．After eight years of fighting，the Chinese people finally ____________ (打败)the Japanese enemies. 3．Mr.Green ____________(宣布)to his friends his engagement to Miss.White. defeated announced 4．Finding a cure for AIDS is one of the greatest ____________(挑战)doctors facing today. 5．It is none of your business whether I accept them or ____________(拒绝)them. challenges reject 6．Though society is developing fast，there is still no ____________ (治愈)method for such a disease. 7．They have the confidence and ability to ____________ (处理)the important matter well. handle cure 8．Many retired people can still ____________(贡献) to the society with their rich experience. 9．用conclude 的适当形式填空 (1)Taking account of all these factors,we may reach the ____________ that parents are the best teachers of their children. contribute conclusion (2)Johnson ____________ from his studies that equality between the sexes is still a long way off. concluded 10．用instruct的适当形式填空 (1)You will be ____________ where to go as soon as you get off the plane. (2)Do follow the ____________ carefully before you take medicine. instructed instructions 高频短语

　　1．________________提出 2．________________

　　得出结论 3．________________

　　使显露；暴露 4．________________

　　将……和……联系或连接起来 5．________________

　　除……之外；此外 put forward draw a conclusion expose...to link...to... apart from 6．________________

　　讲得通；有意义 7．________________

　　调查；研究 8．________________

　　导致 9．________________

　　有时 make sense look into lead to at times 10．________________

　　反对 11．________________

　　对……严格的 12．________________

　　应受责备 be against (be) strict with... be to blame 典型句式

　　1．neither...nor...连接两个主语 __________(既不)its cause __________(也不)its cure was understood. Neither nor 2．every time用作从属连词引导从句 So many thousands of terrified people died ______________ (每次)there was an outbreak. every time 3．have sth.done结构 A woman，who had moved away from Broad Street，liked the water from the pump so much that she ______________ (让人运送水)to her house every day. had it delivered 4．prevent...from doing sth.防止/阻止……做某事； suggest(建议)＋宾语从句 _____________________________(为防止这种情况发生)again，John Snow suggested that the source of all the water supplie ______________(被检测)． To prevent this from happening be examined 5．“only＋状语”位于句首构成部分倒装 __________ you put the sun there __________(只有……才)the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense. Only if did 6．with复合结构作状语 He placed a fixed sun at the centre of the solar system _________________________________(行星围绕着它转)and only the moon still going round the earth. with the planets going round it 过去分词作定语和表语 1．(2016·江苏南通一模)The county,__________ in the north of Shanxi，has a history of more than 1,400 years. A．locatedB．to be located C．being located

　　D．locating 单元语法 解析：选A。考查过去分词作定语。此处应用过去分词短语作定语，修饰The county，故选A。 2．(2016·哈尔滨检测)It’s wonderful to hike with Dad and I have felt __________ with him. A．to protected

　　B．protected C．protecting

　　D．to be protected 解析：选B。考查非谓语动词。根据语境可知，felt与protect之间是被动关系，排除选项A和C；和父亲一起的徒步旅行已经结束，排除选项D。 3．(2016·北京东城期末)Lady Gaga has put off her concerts because of the difficulties __________ by the ongoing strikes. A．causing

　　B．to cause C．to be caused

　　D．caused 解析：选D。根据题意可知，cause和difficulties是动宾关系，因此用cause的过去分词形式。过去分词短语caused by the ongoing strikes在句中作定语，修饰difficulties。 4．(2016·北京西城期末)Mary，__________ for her healthy lifestyle，was pictured on the front cover of Life Style magazine. A．knowing

　　B．to know C．known

　　D．being known 解析：选C。be known for意为“因……而出名”，known for her healthy lifestyle为过去分词作定语。句意：以健康生活方式而出名的玛丽照片被刊登在Life Style这本杂志的封面上。 5．(2016·济宁检测)Boys and girls，please remain________and keep quiet until the electricity supply returns to normal. A．seated

　　B．seating C．to seat

　　D．seat 解析：选A。考查非谓语动词。remain在此作系动词，seated作表语,表示主语的状态。 考点串讲讲练互动 单词精研 1conclude　vt.& vi.断定，推断；使结束，终止；达成，缔结 归纳拓展 (3)conclusion n. 结论；结束 draw/reach/arrive at/come to a conclusion 得出结论 come to the conclusion that... 所得结论是…… in conclusion 最后　 ①(牛津 P409)He concluded from their remarks that they were not in favour of the plan. 他从他们的话语中推断出他们不赞同此项计划。 ②(牛津 P409)He concluded by wishing everyone a safe trip home.他讲话结束时祝愿大家回家一路平安。 (1)conclude sth.以……结束

　　(2)conclude sth.(from sth.)that... 推断出，断定