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浙江省2012届高考英语二轮专题总复习课件:第4讲 介词

发布时间:2017-01-14  编辑:查字典英语网小编

  第 4 讲

  介词

  1. I always wanted to do the job which I'd been trained ______. (2011浙江卷)

  A. on

  B. for

  C. by

  D. of 【答案及解析】1. B 本题考点为介词与动词的搭配。句意为“我总想从事我一直以来为此被训练的工作。”还原定语从句部分,应该是“I'd been trained for the job”。 train作动词意为“训练”,介词for表目的。

  2. I guess we've already talked about this before but I'll ask you again just ______. (2010浙江卷)

  A. by nature

  B. in return

  C. in case

  D. by chance 【答案及解析】2. C 考查介词短语的辨析。句意为“我觉得我们以前已经谈论过这件事情了,但是以防万一,我还是再问你一次吧。”by nature天生地,天然地;in return作为回报;in case以防万一;by chance偶然地,碰巧。 介词又叫前置词,是一种虚词。介词分为三种: 简单介词,如at, in, on, beside, to, for等; 短语介词,即由两个以上的词组成的短语,如in front of, because of, instead of等; 二重介词,如until after, from behind等。 介词的种类

  介词不能独立在句中作成分,介词后必须与名词、代词或动名词构成介词短语在句中充当一个成分,表示人、物、事件等与其他人、物、事件等之间的关系。 1.作定语:The book _on_the_table is mine.

  2.作状语:We have breakfast at_seven._(表时间) They were late for meeting because_of the heavy rain. (表原因) They started the machine by_pressing the button. (表方式)

  介词的句法功能

  3.作表语:My dictionary is in_the_bag.

  4.作宾语补足语:I found him in_the_office.

  介词的句法功能

  1.表示时间的at, in, on at表示片刻的时间,如:at 8 o'clock,常用词组有:at noon, at night, at midnight, at the end of, at that time, at the beginning of, at the age of, at Christmas等。 in表示一段时间,如:in the morning/ afternoon/ evening, in October, in 1998, in summer, in the past, in the future等。 on总是跟日子有关,如: on Monday, on Christmas morning, on May Day, on a warm morning等。 主要介词区别

  2.表示时间的since和from since表示从过去到现在的一段时间的过程,常与现在完成时连用。from表示从时间的某一点开始,一般多与现在时、过去时、将来时连用。如: I hope to do morning exercises from_today.

  We have not seen each other since_1995.

  主要介词区别 3. between和 among 一般说来,between表示两者之间,among用于三者或三者以上的中间。如: You are to sit between your father and me.

  He is always happy among his classmate

  主要介词区别 4.表示“用”的in, by和with with用于有形的工具,或身体某些器官等的方面,其后的名词多被冠词或物主代词等修饰。而in常用于表示材料、方式、方法、度量、单位、语言、声音等。by后接名词且名词前常没有修饰词,名词用原形。如: He is writing a letter with_a_pen.

  He wrote the letter in_pencil._ We measured it in_pounds. (按磅计算) Tell me the story in_English.

  by hand靠手工 by ship乘船 by air乘飞机 主要介词区别 5.as和 like as作“作为”、“以……地位或身份”解。如:Let me speak to you as a father. (事实是父亲) like作“像……一样”解。如:Let me speak to you like a father. (事实上不是父亲)。 6.in front of 和in the front of in front of = before,是“在……前面”的意思(不在某物内);in the front of则是“在……前部”的意思(在某物内)。如:There is a desk in front of the blackboard.

  The boy sat in the front of the car.

  主要介词区别

  1. 表示时间的in和after

  两者都表示“在(某个时间)之后”,区别在于in表示“在(一段时间)之后”,而after则表示“在(某一具体时间点)之后”,in短语和将来时态连用,after短语和过去时态或将来时态连用。如:

  We'll be back in three days.

  After seven the rain began to fall.

  注意:after有时也可以表示在一段时间之后(常用在过去时里)。如:

  After two months he returned.

  易错易混点

  2. 表示地理位置的in, on, to

  in表示在某范围内,on指与什么毗邻,to指在某环境范围之外。如:

  Changchun is in the northeast of China.

  Mongolia is on_the north of China.

  Japan is to the east of China.

  3. 表示“穿过……”的through和across

  through表示从内部通过;across则表示从一端至另一端在表面上的通过。如:

  Water flows through the pipe.

  The old man walked across the street.

  易错易混点

  4. besides, except, but, except for

  besides指“除了……还有,再加上”。如:All went out besides me.

  except指“除了,减去什么”。如:All went out except me.

  but与except意思近似,表示“除了……外”,经常用在no, all, nobody, anywhere, everything等和其他疑问词后面。如:

  I never saw him reading anything_but the newspaper.

  易错易混点

  except for表示“除……以外”,跟except的区别在于其后跟的词与前面所提到的不是同一类别。如:

  His diary is good except_for a few spelling mistakes.

  易错易混点

  5. for与of用于不定式复合结构 (1) It is+adj. +of sb. to do sth. = sb. +be+adj. +to do sth.

  当形容词说明不定式逻辑主语的性质、特征时,用of。常见的此类形容词有:kind, good, nice, clever, stupid, foolish, considerate, polite, impolite, cruel等。 (2) It is+adj. +for sb. to do sth.

  当形容词说明不定式的性质时用for。常见的此类形容词有:possible, impossible, important, necessary等。如: It is quite important for us to protect our environment.

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