第 13讲
特殊句式 这种句型中,祈使句通常表示一种条件,祈使句和陈述句之间的连词常常是命题的热点。其连词分两类: 1. and, then, and then 意思是“就,那么,才”,表示按照祈使句说的去做,会产生顺应的结果。
“祈使句+陈述句”句型 2. or, or else, otherwise 意思是“否则,要不,不然的话”,表示不按照祈使句说的去做,则会产生相反的结果。 Come early, and you'll catch the first bus. →If you come early, you'll catch the first bus. →Coming early, you'll catch the first bus. →Come early, or you won't catch the first bus. “祈使句+陈述句”句型 1.反意疑问句的陈述部分含有由un, im, in, dis等否定意义的前缀构成的词语时,陈述部分要视为肯定含义,问句部分用否定形式。 Your father is unhappy,_isn't_he?(不能用is he?)
反意疑问句
2. 陈述部分用must (may, might) + have + v.ed表示推测时,若句中带有明显的过去时间状语,问句部分动词用过去时形式。陈述部分用must (may, might) + have + v.ed表示推测时,若句中没有过去时间状语,问句部分动词用现在完成时形式。
He might have forgotten his pen in the classroom yesterday, didn't_he? (不用mightn't he?/ hasn't he?)
You must have worked there a year ago, didn't_you?(不用mustn't you?/haven't you?)
反意疑问句 代替性省略:“so”可代替某些动词后的宾语从句,但绝不能用it或that。这些常用的动词有believe, be afraid, expect, hope, imagine, suppose, I'm sure等;not代替的是否定意义的宾语从句。但是I'm afraid, I hope, I'm sure 后跟否定的宾语从句时,只有一种形式,即I'm afraid not, I hope not, I'm sure not. 而I expect/ imagine/ suppose/think 的否定式有两种,即I expect / imagine/ suppose/think not 或I don't imagine/ suppose/think so. — Can Emily do this work? — I think so.
— I think not (I don't think so.) 省略句
常见情况有: 1. only+状语(或状语从句)为标志词放在句首时;
2. 含有否定意义的副词为标志词放在句首时; 3. 结果状语从句把“so+形容词/副词”放在句首或者“such+形容词+名词”放在句首, 则主句的谓语动词要部分倒装;that 从句不变; 倒装句
4. so /neither/nor 为标志词放在句首时; (1)表示前面所说的肯定情况也适合于另一人或物。句式如下: so + be 或助动词或情态动词,主语。
(2)表示前面所说的否定情况也适合于另一人或物。句式如下: neither (nor) + be 或助动词/情态动词,主语。 5. 虚拟条件句省略if 时,将标志词had, should, were 放在句首。
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