2012届高考二轮复习英语学案：第27讲 阅读简答（2）（湖南专用31讲）

　　第27讲

　　阅读简答（2）

　　(2010·湖南卷)

　　Secret Santas

　　On Christmas morning, Linda wakes up, and tries to imagine the wide­eyed surprise of children in another household as they unwrap the presents she carefully chose for them. Linda has never met the children, but that's all part of the joy of giving as secret Santas, she says.

　　“It's an amazing feeling to buy gifts on an anonymous (匿名的) basis，” says Linda.

　　“It brings a whole new meaning to the holidays.”

　　Linda and Tony are an American couple living in Toronto, Canada, and Linda did charitable work as a member of the American Women's Club of Toronto. As the name suggests, members are U. S. citizens living in Toronto, who join together for fellowship and community service.

　　To find her “adopted” family, Linda goes to the local schools and requests a wish list for a family that's struggling to survive. Last year she helped a single mother with three children. The mother works as a cleaning lady in a nursing home.

　　揟he list is always heartbrceaking. They have an opportunity to ask for anything and do just the opposite, asking for basic clothes or simple toys，” she says. “We always buy the kids a new winter coat, hats, and gloves.” She also buys gifts for the parents.

　　Last year Linda asked the mother for a second wish list — one that didn't include the basics. “Every child should have a Christmas that sticks with them for a lifetime.” She purchased iPods for the two older children and a video game system for the youngest. 揑 have learned a very valuable lesson in all of this—，” says Linda. “Pay attention to what's going on in your own backyard — no matter where you live.”

　　The joy of giving as secret Santas is much sweeter when the gift is anonymous.

　　81. What reaction does Linda imagine the children will have？(No more than 5 words)

　　(2 marks)

　　______________________________________________

　　82. Why did Linda join the American Women's Club of Toronto？(No more than 10 words)

　　(2 marks)

　　______________________________________________

　　83. Why did Linda ask for a second wish list？(No more than 15 words)

　　(3 marks)

　　______________________________________________

　　84. What kind of people does “secret Santas” in the passage refer to？(No more than 12 words)

　　(3 marks)

　　______________________________________________

　　本文为记叙文。讲述了居住在多伦多的美国人Linda充当秘密圣诞老人，给那些需要帮助的孩子以匿名的方式给他们送去圣诞礼物的故事。

　　81. They will feel greatly surprised. 细节理解题。根据…Linda wakes up, and tries to imagine the wide­eyed surprise of children in another household as they unwrap the presents she carefully chose for them.可知孩子们打开她精心选择的礼物时会感到非常吃惊。

　　82. She joined in for fellowship and community service. 细节理解题。根据…who join together for fellowship and community service.可知Linda加入这个多伦多美国妇女俱乐部的目的是为了获得友谊和便于社区服务。

　　83. She wanted to give children some other gifts rather than the basics. 细节理解题。根据Last year Linda asked the mother for a second wish list — one that didn't include the basics.可知Linda想给孩子们送一些其他的礼物而不是一些基本的生活用品。

　　84. It refers to people who give away anonymous gifts on Christmas. 推断题。根据最后一句The joy of giving as secret Santas is much sweeter when the gift is anonymous.可知“秘密圣诞老人”指的是那些在圣诞节时以匿名的方式给孩子们送去礼物的爱心人士。

　　五、概括主旨大意型、确定文章标题型和判断推理型的解题技巧

　　主旨大意型考查考生对语篇的整体理解能力以及分析、推理、归纳等能力。不同的文体，主旨大意的归纳方法也不尽相同。一般来说，说明文、议论文在文章第一段的段首或段尾，文章最后一段的段首或段尾往往会以主题句的形式呈现文章的主旨大意。

　　对于这类题目可以通过了解文章中段落和主题句的形式来总结文章的主旨大意。而对于其他类型的文章，如记叙文文体，则要在把握全篇的基础上对文章进行概括和总结，最后给出文章的主旨大意。这类题要求考生用最简洁而又内容丰富的词或短语高度概括文章的中心思想。做题的步骤是先找到主题句，通过对主题句进行加工、整合或重组，才能得出最佳答案。

　　确定文章的标题，其实质是要求对文章作深层次理解，是文章主旨大意的一种升华，这类题往往具有以下特点：

　　①概括性。标题在最大程度上概括全文，体现文章的主旨大意，它是文章主旨大意的一种确认方式。因此，在给文章起标题时，要仔细体会文章字里行间所蕴含的作者的思想态度，从全局出发进行归纳总结，防止本末倒置，主次不分，以点带面，以偏概全。

　　确定文章标题型

　　②针对性。文章标题要有一定的内涵和外延界限，不能太大也不宜太小，要量体裁衣，大小适度。

　　③醒目性。文章标题是文章的点睛之笔，其恰当与否会影响文章的可读性，读者会根据标题来选读文章，故标题应比较醒目，甚至比较离奇，以达到吸引读者的目的。

　　判断推理型考查考生根据文中全部信息或事实，在通篇理解文章的基础上领会作者的言外之意，并作出正确的推理和判断。推理判断题包括理解和推测作者或人物的观点、态度、意图、身份、情感，对作者或文段所涉及的人物、事件作出评价等，该题型属于深层理解试题。与阅读理解题中的推断题一样，简答题的答案在原文中是不能找到的，它要求考生以文章中的某些词、整篇文章的行文结构、作者的写作手法等为依据，进行合理的推断。

　　判断推理型

　　要准确理解文段的隐含信息，除了要熟练地掌握基本的语言知识，准确理解句子的字面意思外，还要求我们运用自己已有的知识、经验，结合文段的相关信息进行推理、判断。在题目设计中出现的形式有：数据推断题、知识推断题、逻辑结论推断题、作者情感态度意图推断题等。此类问题常涉及infer, conclude, imply, learn, intend, purpose, attitude等词。

　　该题常见的设问方式有：

　　①What can we infer/conclude from the passage?

　　②What can we learn from the passage?

　　③What does the passage imply but doesn't tell us directly?

　　④What's the purpose of the passage?

　　⑤What's the writer's attitude?

　　⑥What does the writer suggest in the passage?