2012高考二轮英语复习专题（广东专用）23 资讯报道型阅读理解

　　专限时训练(二十三)　[资讯报道型阅读理解]

　　(限时：25分钟)

　　(一)

　　SHANGHAI—Health experts in Shanghai are calling for more protection for young children as the latest research shows about half of the youngsters are suffering from second hand smoke.

　　About 45 percent of children suffer passive smoking in families, 50 percent in public places, and almost 6 percent on public transportation, shows a research released by the Shanghai Children’s Medical Center on Tuesday.

　　“Not only adults but also children and newborn babies are at risk for the adverse effects of passive smoking，” said Tang Jingyan, a doctor at the Shanghai Children’s Medical Center.

　　“Actually, those young children whose bodies are still growing and developing are more sensitive to the effects of second­hand smoke.”

　　Research has shown that children who are exposed to second­hand smoke will suffer from more colds, coughs and sore throats, and they are more likely to suffer from bronchitis, pneumonia and will have a higher risk of developing cancer.

　　Doctors even suggested that children suffering passive smoking are more likely to have behavioral problems and may not develop mentally as quickly as their peers.

　　Other research by the Shanghai Children’s Medical Center has found that more than 80 percent of child patients in the center live in a smoke­filled household, where one or both parents smoke.

　　“Though doctors have stressed the harm of passive smoking over and over, it is still hard to reach a totally smoke­free home，” said a pediatrician named Zhang Yiwen, noting that parents are often tempted to smoke even though they have learned the harmful effects of second­hand smoke.

　　China has 540 million people suffering from passive smoke, 180 million of them younger than 15.The age of smokers is also getting lower, earlier reports said.

　　“There are more young smokers than before.You can see young people wearing a school uniform and carrying a schoolbag light a cigarette on the street.Some of them are even female students，” said Jing Xingming, a professor of children’s developmental behavior at the center.

　　“Children like to imitate adults, especially their parents.If parents often smoke at home, it is very likely children will develop a smoking habit, which can cause a vicious circle，” Jin said.

　　Reports from the Ministry of Health said China has about 350 million smokers, of whom 15 million are underage smokers.Also, around 40 million of the country’s 130 million children aged between 13 and 18 had tried smoking, and 15 million had become addicted to tobacco.

　　()1.What is the main idea of the passage?

　　A．About half of the youngsters are suffering from second­hand smoke.

　　B．Experts are calling for more protection for youngsters from smoking.

　　C．More and more youngsters are picking up the habit of smoking.

　　D．Smoking does great harm to the health of the youngsters.

　　()2.What kind of the youngsters most possibly develop a habit of smoking?

　　A．Children of non­smoking mothers.

　　B．Children of non­smoking fathers.

　　C．Children of heavy smokers.

　　D．Children from some smoking centers.

　　()3.Which of the following disease may not be connected with second­hand smoking?

　　A．Cancer.B．Behavioral problems.

　　C．Sore throats.

　　D．Coughs.

　　()4.The underlined word “vicious” in the eleventh paragraph most probably means ________.

　　A．complete

　　B．simple

　　C．great

　　D．bad

　　()5.What can be inferred from the passage?

　　A．About 80 percent of the children in the Shanghai Children’s Medical Center smoke heavily.

　　B．About 45 percent of children suffer passive smoking in the Shanghai Children’s Medical Center.

　　C．About 540 million people are heavy smokers in China.

　　The new sensor system seeks to avoid this problem by developing trees into a self­sustaining power supply.Each sensor is equipped with a battery that can be slowly recharged using electricity produced by the tree.“A single tree doesn’t generate a lot of power, but over time the ‘trickle (细流) charge’ adds up, just like ________”， said Shuguang Zhang, one of the researchers on the project and the associate director of the MIT’s Center for Biomedical Engineering (CBE)．

　　The system produces enough electricity to allow the temperature and humidity sensors to wirelessly send out signals four times a day, or immediately if there’s a fire.Each signal spreads from one sensor to another, until it reaches an existing weather station that sends the data by satellite to a forestry command center in Boise, Idaho.

　　Scientists have long known that trees can produce extremely small amounts of electricity.But no one knew exactly how the energy was produced or how to take advantage of the power.

　　()1.What are the disadvantages of the remote automated weather stations?

　　a．They cost too much.

　　b．They are of poor quality.

　　c．They are not enough.

　　d．They can’t reach remote places.

　　A．a, b

　　B．b, d

　　C．a, c

　　D．b, c

　　()2.Which of the following is the best sentence to fill in the blank?

　　A．far water does not put out near fire.

　　B．all rivers run into sea.

　　C．a dripping faucet can fill a bucket over time.

　　D．it never rains but it pours.

　　()3.What Shuguang Zhang said in Paragraph 4 means that ________.

　　A．a single tree is enough to generate much power

　　B．the power from the tree can’t be stored

　　C．trees can generate enough power for our life

　　D．a tree can produce the electricity to meet the needs of a sensor

　　()4.What would the author talk about after the last paragraph of the passage?

　　A．The amount of electricity trees produce.

　　B．How trees produce electricity.

　　C．Trees’ contribution to society.

　　D．The research process of tree power.

　　()5.What would be the best title for the passage?

　　A．Preventing forest fires with tree power

　　B．Trees can produce electricity

　　C．Tree power in daily life

　　D．Developing new energy

　　(三)

　　The crisis at Japan’s Fukushima Dai­Ichi nuclear energy center has raised questions about the future of the nuclear energy industry.Arjun Makhijani is president of the Institute for Energy and Environmental Research in the United States.He says the disaster in Japan is historic.

　　This week, the chairman of America’s nuclear agency said there is little chance that harmful radiation from Japan could reach the United States.Nuclear Regulatory Commission Chairman Gregory Jaczko also said America has a strong program in place to deal with earthquake threats.No new nuclear power centers have been built in the United States since 1979.That was when America’s worst nuclear accident happened at the Three Mile Island center in Pennsylvania.The accident began to turn public opinion against nuclear energy.

　　To support more clean energy production, the Obama government has been seeking billions of dollars in government loan guarantees to build new centers.Presently, about twenty percent of electricity in the United States comes from nuclear energy.But critics say nuclear power is too costly and dangerous to be worth further expansion.

　　German Chancellor Angela Merkel said Germany would close all seven nuclear power centers for a moment while energy policy is reconsidered.The European Union is planning to test all centers in its twenty­seven member nations.

　　Developing nations are less willing to slow nuclear expansion.China said it would continue with plans to build about twenty­five new nuclear plants.And India, under a cooperation agreement with the United States, plans to spend billions on new centers in the coming years.

　　Japan has made nuclear energy a national priority since the 1970s.Unlike many major economies, Japan imports eighty percent of its energy.The Nuclear Energy Institute says twenty­nine percent of Japan’s electricity came from nuclear sources in 2009.The government planned to increase that to forty percent by 2017.

　　Nuclear plants supply fourteen percent of global electricity.Nuclear energy is a clean resource, producing no carbon gases.But radioactive waste is a serious unresolved(未解决的) issue.So_is_the_presence_of_nuclear_power_centers_in_earthquake_areas_like_the_one_near_Bushehr,_Iran.

　　()1.Which of the following countries is the least likely to expand its use of nuclear energy?

　　A．China.

　　B．India.

　　C．Iran.

　　D．Germany.

　　()2.The government of Japan intended to increase its nuclear energy in 2017 by ________ compared with 2009.

　　A．29%

　　B．40%

　　C．69%

　　D．11%

　　()3.Which of the following statements about the use of nuclear power in the U．S.is TRUE?

　　A．Most of the electricity comes from nuclear energy in the U．S.

　　B．The Obama government is against building nuclear power plants.

　　C．A small number of nuclear power plants have been built since 1979.

　　D．A serious nuclear accident happened in America at the end of the 1970s.

　　()4.What’s the main idea of this passage?

　　A．The nuclear crisis in Japan has spread to other parts of the world.

　　B．The situation of the world nuclear power development after the crisis in Japan.

　　C．Japan’s nuclear disaster will slow the expansion of nuclear plants all over the world.

　　D．Japan’s nuclear disaster won’t affect the nuclear energy production in other countries.

　　()5.From the last sentence of the passage, we can see the writer’s attitude towards building a nuclear power plant near Bushehr, Iran is ________.

　　A．supportive

　　B．optimistic

　　C．negative

　　D．uncertain

　　专限时训练(二十三)

　　(一)【文章大意】 本文为资讯。专家们呼吁要保护小孩，防止他们受二手烟的危害。

　　1．B　主旨大意。本文为资讯，根据资讯导语“Health experts in Shanghai are calling for more protection for young children as the latest research shows about half of the youngsters are suffering from second­hand smoke.”可判断选B。

　　2．C　细节理解。根据倒数第二段“If parents often smoke at home, it is very likely children will develop a smoking habit, which can cause a vicious circle”可判断选C。

　　3．B　细节理解。采用排除法，根据“Research has shown that children who are exposed to second­hand smoke will suffer from more colds, coughs and sore throats, and they are more likely to suffer from bronchitis, pneumonia and will have a higher risk of developing cancer.”可判断选B。

　　4．D　词义猜测。由文中可知吸烟有害孩子们的健康，养成吸烟的习惯自然是导致恶性循环了，故可判断选D。

　　5．D　逻辑推理。根据最后一段“Also, around 40 million of the country's 130 million children aged between 13 and 18 had tried smoking, and 15 million had become addicted to tobacco.”可判断选D。

　　(二)1.C　细节判断。文章第三段提到的美国森林服务机构现在所采用的工具和方法花费高、分布少，如增加传感器，边远地区无法充电或换电池，故选C项。

　　2．C　推断理解。根据上下文可知此处为积少成多的含义。故答案C适合。A项意为“远水解不了近火”；B项意为“海纳百川”；D项意为“不雨则已，一雨倾盆”。

　　3．D　细节理解。根据他所说的话可知，一棵树产生不了多少能量，但随着时间的推移，细小的能量会不断增加，就像不断滴水的水龙头也能滴满一桶一样，D项理解正确。

　　4．B　文章结构。文章最后一段最后一句提到没人确切地知道树是怎么产生能量或人们如何利用这些能量，因而，下文会就此展开论述，故选B项。

　　5．A　主旨大意。文章第一段就点明主：如何利用树所产生的能量预防森林火灾，A项概括了文章的主旨。

　　(三)【文章大意】 本文为资讯报道。主要报道各国对核能使用的状况及相关态度。

　　1．D　细节理解。根据第四段“German Chancellor Angela Merkel said Germany would close all seven nuclear power centers for a moment while energy policy is reconsidered.”可知德国将关闭所有的核电站，故选D。

　　2．D　数字推理。根据倒数第二段“The Nuclear Energy Institute says twenty­nine percent of Japan's electricity came from nuclear sources in 2009.The government planned to increase that to forty percent by 2017.”可推断选D(40－29＝11)。

　　3．D　细节理解。根据第二段“No new nuclear power centers have been built in the United States since 1979.That was when America's worst nuclear accident happened at the Three Mile Island center in Pennsylvania.”可判断选D。

　　4．B　主旨大意。日本核辐射引发了全球对核能使用的反思，继而报道了各国对核能使用的状况及相关态度，由此判断全文主应该是B项。

　　5．C　逻辑推理。根据划线句前的“But radioactive waste is a serious unresolved(未解决的) issue.”再结合对划线句的理解可判断，作者对在伊朗布什尔地震多发地区建立核电站的做法持反对态度，故选C。