2012高考二轮英语复习专题（广东专用）31 科普知识型阅读理解（1）

　　专限时训练(三十一)　[科普知识型阅读理解(一)]

　　(限时：25分钟)

　　(一)

　　How you end a computer session depends on how you use the computer, your views on energy conservation(能源的节约), and what you have been told about how your decision will affect your investment’s longevity: will frequent starting and stopping cause its circuits(电路) to burn out sooner?

　　Rest easy, your computer is more likely to be damaged by a virus picked up from the Internet than by being turned off and on too much.They are also energy­efficient: such efficiency has reached the point where most computers place themselves in sleep mode if they remain idle(闲置的) for a certain period of time.So your computer will likely slip into sleep mode anyway, even if you leave it on overnight.

　　Sleep mode itself, once a pretty unreliable option—you never knew if you would be able to wake your computer without having to reboot (重新启动) it—has been vastly improved with newer operating systems.If you want your computer to consume as little energy as possible when not in use, shut it down.If you want it to consume zero energy, you’re going to have to unplug (拔去……的电源插头) it.

　　Your computer can be in only three states: on, sleep or off—each of which draws some level of electric current. A computer that is “on” will either be actively processing

　　information or sitting idle, depending on whether the user is typing a document, reading an e­mail or has stepped away briefly.The amount of wattage (瓦特数) drawn when the computer is on varies greatly depending on whether it is a laptop or a desktop computer.The latter uses more energy because desktop power supplies are less efficient and require a separate and often larger, power­hungry monitor. It also varies based on the type of work being done: complex calculations requiring intensive processing are more power­hungry, whereas writing or Web browsing consumes far less electricity.

　　()1.If sleep mode goes wrong, what will probably happen to your computer?

　　A．It will consume as little energy as possible.

　　B．It is more likely to be damaged by a virus picked up from the Internet.

　　C．It will have to be rebooted when used again.

　　D．It has to be shut down and unplugged.

　　()2.Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the text that contributes to the different amount of energy a computer consumes?

　　A．Whether it is a laptop or a desktop computer.

　　B．What kind of work the computer is dealing with.

　　C．The choice of how you use your computer.

　　D．Whether the operating systems are new.

　　()3.When does a computer consume the most energy?

　　A．When we let it remain idle.

　　B．When we use it to do complex calculations.

　　C．When we use it to type some documents and e­mails.

　　D．When we use it for surfing the Internet.

　　()4.The reason why a desktop computer uses more energy than a laptop computer is that______.

　　A．a desktop computer’s monitor is separate and often larger

　　B．a desktop computer is larger than a laptop computer in size

　　C．a desktop computer performs more kinds of work than a laptop computer

　　D．a desktop computer is not energy­efficient

　　()5.Which of the following is implied in the first two paragraphs?

　　A．Frequent starting and stopping can damage a computer.

　　B．A computer’s longevity depends more on the proper way you use it.

　　C．A virus picked up from the Internet is likely to damage a computer.

　　D．The more often you use a computer, the more smoothly it works.

　　(二)

　　When top engineers in Germany wanted to build a more energy­efficient car, they headed to the natural history museum to study dolphins and sharks.But it was the boxfish (盒子鱼)that interested them.

　　“We were surprised when this clumsy­looking fish became our model for designing an aerodynamic(空气动力学的)car，”says Thomas Weber.He is the research and development chief for the car company Daimler.An aerodynamic design reduces wind drag and increases fuel efficiency.

　　The boxfish may look clumsy, but it can start, stop, back up and zigzag(曲折前进) through the water with ease.And it does all this using surprisingly little energy.Daimler’s bionic(仿生学的) car is modeled on the fish’s boxy skeletal(骨骼的) system.Like the fish, the car is fast and drives easily.It’s efficient too.

　　The science behind nature­inspired inventions is called biomimicry(生物仿生)．Biologist Janine Benyus came up with the term.As co­founder of the Biomimicry Guild, she has worked with cereal companies，sneaker designers and others to develop products based on Nature’s best ideas.

　　For scientists and inventors, the possibilities for copying nature are limitless.Technology may never be as efficient as nature, or as colorful.But that doesn’t mean we should stop trying to learn from the world around us.Take a walk outside.Watch a squirrel climb up a tree.Look closely at the veins(纹理) of a leaf.Hear the birds chirping in the trees.Such small details may help solve big problems in the future.

　　()1.Which is TRUE according to the passage?

　　A．In America a self­cleaning paint was modeled on the lotus flower.

　　B．Zimbabwe engineers learned from termites to create highly advanced heating systems.

　　C．After the boxfish, many other ideas of new products are borrowed from nature.

　　D．Nature is a good source to turn to for improving technology.

　　()2.The clumsy­looking boxfish interested the scientists because of the following reasons EXCEPT that________.

　　A．it swims using little energy

　　B．being boxy, it looks quite like a car

　　C．some engineers had researched on how to swim easily in the water

　　D．it is a speedy swimmer

　　()3.Why did top engineers in Germany go to the natural history museum?

　　A．They wanted to pay a visit to the animals there because they were so lovely.

　　B．They wanted to carry out a research of boxfish and dolphins.

　　C．They wanted to search for a model to base on for building a more­efficient car.

　　D．They wanted to study the science of survival.

　　()4.We can infer from the passage EXCEPT ________.

　　A．it is believed that the creation of the airplane might have originated from the bird flying in the sky

　　B．the atmosphere on the earth cannot be transferred into the original idea

　　C．dolphins and sharks may become the source of scientists, inventions or creations

　　D．if you observe and explore nature, you may make great discoveries or become great inventors

　　()5.What’s the main idea of the passage?

　　A．How Daimler’s bionic car came into being.

　　B．Nature has inspired a lot of inventions and will continue to.

　　C．Scientists and inventors’ contribution to modern industry comes from nature.

　　D．The Nature’s 100 best list.

　　(三)

　　If cars had wings，they could fly and that just might happen, beginning in 2011.The company Terrafugia, based in Woburn, Massachusetts, says it plans to deliver its car­plane, the Transition, to customers by the end of 2011.

　　“It’s the next ‘wow’ vehicle，”said Terrafugia vice president Richard Gersh.“Anybody can buy a Ferrari, but as we say, Ferraris don’t fly.”

　　The car­plane has wings that unfold for flying—a process the company says takes one minute—and fold back up for driving.A runway is still required to take off and land.

　　The Transition is being marketed more as a plane that drives than a car that flies, although it is both.The company has been working with FAA to meet aircraft regulations, and with the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration to meet vehicle safety regulations.

　　The company is aiming to sell the Transition to private pilots as a more convenient and cheaper way to fly.They say it saves you the trouble from trying to find another mode of transportation to get to and from airports: You drive the car to the airport and then you’re good to go.When you land, you fold up the wings and hit the road.There are no expensive parking fees because you don’t have to store it at an airport—you park it in the garage at home.

　　The car­plane is designed to fly primarily under 10,000 feet.It has a maximum take­off weight of 1,430 pounds, including fuel and passengers.Terrafugia says the Transition reduces the potential for an accident by allowing pilots to drive under bad weather instead of flying into marginal(临界)conditions.

　　The Transition’s price tag: $194,000, But there may be additional charges for options like a radio, transponder or GPS.Another option is a full­plane parachute.

　　“If you get into a very awful situation, it is the necessary safety option，” Gersh said.

　　So far, the company has more than 70 orders with deposits.“We’re working very closely with them, but there are still some remaining steps，” Brown said.

　　()1.We can learn from the first paragraph that ________.

　　A．car­planes will be popular in 2011

　　B．people might drive a car­plane in 2011

　　C．both Transition and Ferrari can take off and land

　　D．Richard Gersh is the vice president of Massachusetts

　　()2.It takes the car­plane one minute to ________.

　　A．fold and unfold its wings

　　B．unfold wings for flying

　　C．land in the airport

　　D．meet flying safety regulations

　　()3.According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true?

　　A．The car­plane needs a runway to take off and land.

　　B．To meet aircraft regulations, the company has been working with FAA.

　　C．The car­plane may fly as high as normal planes.

　　D．People can park the car­plane in the garage at their home.

　　()4.The underlined word “it” in the last but one paragraph refers to ________.

　　A．the radio

　　B．the transponder

　　C．the GPS

　　D．the full­plane parachute

　　()5.What’s the best title for the passage?

　　A．Cars With Wings May Be Just Around the Corner

　　B．Which to Choose: A Ferrari or a Car Plane?

　　C．A More Convenient and Cheaper Way to Fly

　　D．Cars With Wings Can Fly as Fast as Planes

　　专题限时训练(三十一)

　　(一)1.C　细节理解题。根据第三段第一句…you never knew if you would be able to wake your computer without having to reboot it…可知必须要重启，故答案为C。

　　2．D　细节理解题。根据文章第一段段首及最后一段可知A、B、C三项正确，而D项在文中没有依据支持。

　　3．B　细节理解题。文章第二段谈到如果电脑一段时间不用会自动转为休眠状态，这样耗电很少。最后一段最后一句说明电脑在处理不同的任务时，用电量也不同(复杂运算耗电最多)故正确答案为B。

　　4．A　细节理解题。根据最后一段The latter uses more energy because desktop power supplies are less efficient and require a separate and often larger，power­hungry monitor.可以推断A项是正确选项，而D项表述太绝对化。

　　5．B　推理判断题。从第一段最后一句和第二段的第一句可以推断出，电脑使用寿命的长短主要在于如何正确使用电脑。故选B。

　　(二)【文章大意】 本文为科普说明文，主要介绍在生物仿生学上的一些运用实例。

　　1．D　细节理解题。根据最后一段可推断大自然是开发技术的源泉，故选D。A项不符合“A company in Atlanta, US, developed a self­cleaning paint modeled on the lotus(荷花) leaf”；B项不符合“In Zimbabwe, a country in southern Africa, engineers designed energy­efficient buildings modeled on termite(白蚁) mounds(土堆)”；C项不符合第三段内容。

　　2．C　细节理解题。选项中A、B、D三项均符合第三段“The boxfish may look clumsy, but it can start, stop, back up and zigzag(曲折前进) through the water with ease.And it does all this using surprisingly little energy.Daimler's bionic(仿生学的) car is modeled on the fish's boxy skeletal(骨骼的) system.”的内容，唯有C项不符合文意，故选C。

　　3．C　细节理解题。根据第一段“When top engineers in Germany wanted to build a more energy­efficient car, they headed to the natural history museum to study dolphins and sharks.”可判断选C。

　　4．B　推理判断题。本文主要介绍在生物仿生学上的一些应用实例，从而说明大自然是开发技术的源泉。A、C和D三项都符合生物仿生的道理，而B项不符合，即B项无法从文中推断出来，故选B。

　　5．B　主旨大意题。本文先是介绍生物仿生学的一些实际利用，而后在最后一段深化主题：大自然已经激发了很多发明，但我们仍需向大自然继续学习，故选B。

　　(三)【文章大意】 本文为说明文，主要介绍2011年末即将上市的一种汽车飞机的性能、特点与价格等。

　　1．B　细节理解题。根据第一段“The company Terrafugia, based in Woburn, Massachusetts, says it plans to deliver its car­plane, the Transition, to customers by the end of 2011.”可推断选B。

　　2．B　细节理解题。根据第三段“The car­plane has wings that unfold for flying—a process the company says takes one minute—and fold back up for driving.”可判断选B。

　　3．C　细节理解题。C项不符合“The car­plane is designed to fly primarily under 10,000 feet.It has a maximum take­off weight of 1,430 pounds, including fuel and passengers.”可判断选C。

　　4．D　词义猜测题。根据Another option is a full­plane parachute.和“If you get into a very awful situation, it is the necessary safety option，” Gersh said.的过渡关系，再结合句中的“a very awful situation”可推断选D。

　　5．A　主旨大意题。综合全文可知，全文主要介绍2011年末即将上市的汽车飞机的性能、特点与价格等，由此判断选A。