2016届高考英语二轮阅读理解九十天强化训练：6

　　高考英语二轮九十天强化训练：阅读理解6

　　阅读理解

　　At the middle school level, there are many academic clubs in which students can in. students can choose clubs that focus on an area of interest.

　　Mathcounts Club

　　Mathcounts tries to increase excitement towards mathematic achievement. It hopes to provide students with the foundation for success in science, technology, engineering and mathematics careers. Schools select individuals and teams to participate in competitions. Local competitions are held in February with winners progressing to state competitions and then on to the national level. Mathcounts works to challenge student math skills, develop self-confidence and give rewards for their achievements.

　　Envirothon

　　The Envirothon program focuses on natural resources knowledge and exposes students to diverse environmental issues, and ecosystems (生态学). The ecology field competition for five-member middle school teams offers competitions in wildlife, soils, forestry, current environmental issues and aquatics. Students work and learn in middle school clubs and can compete at the local and state level.

　　Future Problem Solvers

　　Future Problem Solvers is an academic club that uses a six-step process to solve problems that may happen in the future. Students who are in the talented and gifted program, who like to “think out of the box,” or who enjoy thinking about futuristic problems may like this club. Teams comprised of four students read future scenes and write up solutions in a booklet using the six-step process. Teams that score high enough can go to the state competition and then to the international competition.

　　Builders Club

　　Builders Club is open to any middle school student who wishes to perform community service. Each Builders Club is co-sponsored by(共同捐助) a Kiwanis club and the middle school. The members learn by doing, and they learn organization, teamwork, and leadership. Builders Clubs can sponsor a "Teacher of the Year" program, provide a recycling collection point, organize canned food and clothing drives to support local shelters, adopt（领养）a resident at a local senior citizens home, adopt a highway, tutor, etc.

　　Middle school academic clubs offer students a place to explore interests or talents. The clubs they join in middle school can help guide choices in high school and beyond.

　　5．Students choose Mathcounts Club in order to

　　.

　　A．be successful in science careers.

　　B．enjoy solving future problems.

　　C．perform community service.

　　D．study wildlife and soils.

　　6．If you enjoy thinking about futuristic problems,

　　is a good choice for you.

　　A．Mathecounts Club B．Buildres Club

　　C．Future Problem Solvers D．Envirothon

　　7．The students who are not interested in competitions would like to choose

　　.

　　A．Mathecounts Club B．Buildres Club

　　C．Future Problem Solvers D．Envirothon

　　8．What is the common feature of the four clubs?

　　A．Competitions.

　　B．Leadership.

　　C．Scientific researches. D．Teamwork.

　　5—8、A C B D

　　C8

　　[2016·湖北卷] E

　　A German study suggests that people who were too optimistic about their future actually faced greater risk of disability or death within 10 years than those pessimists who expected their future to be worse.

　　The paper, published this March in Psychology and Aging, examined health and welfare surveys from roughly 40，000 Germans between ages 18 and 96.The surveys were conducted every year from 1993 to 2003.

　　Survey respondents (受访者) were asked to estimate their present and future life satisfaction on a scale of 0 to 10, among other questions.

　　The researchers found that young adults (age 18 to 39) routinely overestimated their future life satisfaction, while middle－aged adults (age 40 to 64) more accurately predicted how they would feel in the future.Adults of 65 and older, however, were far more likely to underestimate their future life satisfaction.Not only did they feel more satisfied than they thought they would, the older pessimists seemed to suffer a lower ratio (比率) of disability and death for the study period.

　　“We observed that being too optimistic in predicting a better future than actually observed was associated with a greater risk of disability and a greater risk of death within the following decade，” wrote Frieder R．Lang, a professor at the University of Erlangen－Nuremberg.

　　Lang and his colleagues believed that people who were pessimistic about their future may be more careful about their actions than people who expected a rosy future.

　　“Seeing a dark future may encourage positive evaluations of the actual self and may contribute to taking improved precautions (预防措施)，” the authors wrote.

　　Surprisingly, compared with those in poor health or who had low incomes, respondents who enjoyed good health or income were associated with expecting a greater decline.Also, the researchers said that higher income was related to a greater risk of disability.

　　The authors of the study noted that there were limitations to their conclusions.Illness, medical treatment and personal loss could also have driven health outcomes.

　　However, the researchers said a pattern was clear.“We found that from early to late adulthood, individuals adapt their expectations of future life satisfaction from optimistic, to accurate, to pessimistic，” the authors concluded.

　　67．According to the study, who made the most accurate prediction of their future life satisfaction?

　　A．Optimistic adults.

　　B．Middle－aged adults.

　　C．Adults in poor health.

　　D．Adults of lower income.

　　68．Pessimism may be positive in some way because it causes people ________．

　　A．to fully enjoy their present life

　　B．to estimate their contribution accurately

　　C．to take measures against potential risks

　　D．to value health more highly than wealth

　　69．How do people of higher income see their future?

　　A．They will earn less money.

　　B．They will become pessimistic.

　　C．They will suffer mental illness.

　　D．They will have less time to enjoy life.

　　70．What is the clear conclusion of the study?

　　A．Pessimism guarantees chances of survival.

　　B．Good financial condition leads to good health.

　　C．Medical treatment determines health outcomes.

　　D．Expectations of future life satisfaction decline with age.

　　【要点综述】 本文是一篇议论文，主要讲述对未来过于乐观的人将面对残疾或死亡的巨大危险。在研究中，研究人员发现，年轻人对未来过于乐观，中年人对未来的预测很准确，而老年人相对低估。随着年龄的增长，人们对未来的预测越来越现实。

　　67．B 　细节理解题。根据第四段中的“…while middle－aged adults (age 40 to 64) more accurately predicted how they would feel in the future.”知，中年人对未来预测得更准确。故B正确。

　　68．C 　细节理解题。根据第六段中的“…people who were pessimistic about their future may be

　　more careful about their actions …”知，对未来悲观的人可能在行动时更小心、更谨慎。句中的be more careful about与take measures against potential risks一致。故C正确。

　　69．A 　细节理解题。根据第八段中的“…respondents who enjoyed good health or income were associated with expecting a greater decline.”知，身体好、收入高的人认为，他们的收入在未来将会下降，即挣的钱少了。故A正确。

　　70．D 　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的内容可知，研究人员认为有一点很清楚：从少年到成年，每个人都在调整自己对未来生活的满意度，从乐观，到适度到悲观。故D正确。

　　Are you one of those who always fear whenever a dog is approaching? If you are, you have got phobia (a very strong feeling of being afraid of something). Of all human fears, phobias may be the most uncontrollable. They are most often caused by a particular situation or object. In general, phobias can mainly be divided into three varieties. To begin with, agoraphobia is a fear of staying in strange surroundings, for example, an unfamiliar place, or an open area．Social phobia refers to the anxiety people show when they have to stay or perform on social events, for instance, speaking in front of the class. Lastly, there are a wide range of specific phobias. People suffering from this kind of phobia are terrified of specific objects or creatures. such as spiders, perhaps to your surprise, clowns. Besides, there are about six hundred and fifty phobias having been listed by psychologists(心理学家)as yet.

　　Faced with their phobias, many people choose to do nothing but just escape the situations or objects they fear. Psychologists, however, warn that if not treated properly, this kind of anxiety will get worse, so that it may disturb the sleep pattern, cause physical symptoms, and finally affect their daily activities. As for treatment, clinical research has discovered that medicine for anxiety is not successful in curing phobias. However. the anxiety disorders can be efficiently treated through cognitive behavioral therapy (认知行为疗法), through which patients are led to inspect the connections between their own fear und the situation or object, and then actively choose the acceptable treatments. Also, other treatments proved effective in reducing phobias are Meditation(quiet thought that can help people relax), listening to calming music, and so on.

　　5．Phobias are mainly caused by

　　.

　　A．anxiety B．animal attacks

　　C．terrible dreams and imagination

　　D．a certain situation or thing

　　6．Which do psychologists NOT use for effective treatment of phobias?

　　A．To take medicine for anxiety

　　B．To listen to comforting light music

　　C．To lose oneself in a peaceful environment

　　D．To understand the very source of one's own anxiety

　　7．Which of the following statements about phobias is CORRECT?

　　A．Actors call help people to cure their phobias.

　　B．Phobias can be divided into six hundred and fifty types.

　　C．Those suffering from phobias may not sleep well or work normally.

　　D．Cognitive behavioral therapy demands little participation from patients.

　　8．What do those with agoraphobia feel terrified and anxious about?

　　A．Staying on a square.

　　B．Touching insects, like spiders.

　　C．Being harmed by virus.

　　D．Giving a speech in presence of many people.

　　—8、DACA

　　Name: Off the Beaten Path

　　Cover price: $30.00

　　Our price: $l9.80

　　The best-selling Reader’s Digest travel book has 40% new content including over 200 new sites, over 200 new full-color photographs, and all-new, up-to-date maps. It spotlights over l, 000 of the United States’ most overlooked must-see destinations.

　　Name: Container Gardens by Number

　　Cover price: $l5.95

　　Our price: $9.49

　　A unique book contains 50 easy-to-follow container designs. Each design provides a simple numbered planting plan that shows exactly how to create each display, with an instruction of the finished planter and in-depth plant information. The plans are easy to follow and for any type of living space or garden.

　　Name: Best Weekend Projects

　　Cover price: $l7.95

　　Our price: $l3.96

　　Choose from 80 unique ideas to create an extraordinary living space. The projects are practical, as well as attractive, and will improve your home and yard and can be made in a weekend. These 80 well-designed projects are presented in a clear, easy-to-follow style that addresses readers in an accessible, user-friendly tone.

　　Name: l80l Home Remedies

　　Cover price: $40.00

　　Our price: $29.96

　　Plenty of health complaints can be handled at home. Each and every remedy will be tested by a doctor to make sure it is safe and sound.

　　Dozens of conditions are covered, from headaches, sunburn, bad breath, and blisters to allergies, and hiccups.

　　9.

　　You can most probably read the passage in a ___________.

　　A. newspaper

　　B. travel guide

　　C. reference book

　　D. textbook

　　10.

　　How much money could you save if you want to buy a travel book?

　　A. $6.46

　　B. $l0. 20

　　C.$l3.96

　　D. $l9.8

　　11. Which of the following could help you to deal with common diseases without a doctor?

　　A. Off the Beaten Path.

　　B. Container Gardens by Number.

　　C. l80l Home Remedies.

　　D. Best Weekend Projects.

　　12.

　　What’s the purpose of the passage?

　　A. To share his opinion about the books with readers.

　　B. To advise readers to read more in spare time.

　　C. To share the pleasure of reading with readers.

　　D. To advise readers to buy their books.

　　参考答案---9—12、ABCD

　　C8 [2016·江苏卷] C

　　If a diver surfaces too quickly，he may suffer the bends.Nitrogen(氮)dissolved(溶解)in his blood is suddenly liberated by the reduction of pressure.The consequence，if the bubbles(气泡)accumulate in a joint，is sharp pain and a bent body—thus the name.If the bubbles form in his lungs or his brain，the consequence can be death.

　　Other air－breathing animals also suffer this decompression (减压) sickness if they surface too fast：whales, for example.And so, long ago, did ichthyosaurs.That these ancient sea animals got the bends can be seen from their bones.If bubbles of nitrogen form inside the bone they can cut off its blood supply.This kills the cells in the bone，and consequently weakens it，sometimes to the point of collapse.Fossil(化石) bones that have caved in on themselves are thus a sign that the animal once had the bends.

　　Bruce Rothschild of the University of Kansas knew all this when he began a study of ichthyosaur bones to find out how widespread the problem was in the past.What he particularly wanted to investigate was how ichthyosaurs adapted to the problem of decompression over the 150 million years.To this end, he and his colleagues traveled the world's natural－history museums, looking at hundreds of ichthyosaurs from the Triassic period and from the later Jurassic and Cretaceous periods.

　　When he started, he assumed that signs of the bends would be rarer in younger fossils, reflecting their gradual evolution of measures to deal with decompression.Instead，he was astonished to discover the opposite.More than 15% of Jurassic and Cretaceous ichthyosaurs had suffered the bends before they died，but not a single Triassic specimen(标本)showed evidence of that sort of injury.

　　If ichthyosaurs did evolve an anti－decompression means, they clearly did so quickly—and, most strangely, they lost it afterwards.But that is not what Dr Rothschild thinks happened.He suspects it was evolution in other animals that caused the change.

　　Whales that suffer the bends often do so because they have surfaced to escape a predator (捕食动物)such as a large shark.One of the features of Jurassic oceans was an abundance of large sharks and crocodiles，both of which were fond of ichthyosaur lunches.Triassic oceans，by contrast，were mercifully shark－ and crocodile－free.In the Triassic, then, ichthyosaurs were top of the food chain.In the Jurassic and Cretaceous，they were prey(猎物)as well as predator—and often had to make a speedy exit as a result.

　　61．Which of the following is a typical symptom of the bends?

　　A．A twisted body.

　　B．A gradual decrease in blood supply.

　　C．A sudden release of nitrogen in blood.

　　D．A drop in blood pressure.

　　62．The purpose of Rothschild's study is to see

　　________．

　　A．how often ichthyosaurs caught the bends

　　B．how ichthyosaurs adapted to decompression

　　C．why ichthyosaurs bent their bodies

　　D．when ichthyosaurs broke their bones

　　63．Rothschild's finding stated in Paragraph 4

　　________．

　　A．confirmed his assumption

　　B．speeded up his research process

　　C．disagreed with his assumption

　　D．changed his research objectives

　　64．Rothschild might have concluded that ichthyosaurs

　　________.

　　A．failed to evolve an anti－decompression means

　　B．gradually developed measures against the bends

　　C．died out because of large sharks and crocodiles

　　D．evolved an anti－decompression means but soon lost it

　　【要点综述】 本篇为科普说明文，讲述鱼龙患减压病的原因和后果。Dr Rothschild通过实验推翻了关于鱼龙进化的一些猜测。

　　61．A　细节理解题。根据the bends可定位到首段。由“The consequence…is sharp pain and a bent body—thus the name.”可知答案，a bent body和a twisted body是同义转换。由第二句的“Nitrogen dissolved in his blood is suddenly liberated by the reduction of pressure.”可知，这是说the bends的形成原因，故C、D项错，而B项文章没有提及。

　　62．B　推理判断题。题干中的关键词是Rothschild's study，由此可定位到第三段的前两句。根据“…to find out how widespread the problem was in the past…to investigate was how ichthyosaurs adapted to the problem of decompression…”可知答案为B。

　　63．C　推理判断题。根据第四段“…he assumed that signs of the bends would be rarer in younger fossils, reflecting their gradual evolution of measures to deal with decompression.Instead, he was astonished to discover the opposite.”可知，Rothschild的假设结论与在研究过程中得出的结果是相反的，故选C项。

　　64．A　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段可知，Rothschild认为鱼龙在进化过程中反减压方式进化失败，故选A项。