【最后抢分】2016年高考临门一脚 自选训练（9）附答案

　　自选训练（9）附答案

　　社会生活类阅读理解

　　Melissa Poe was 9 years old when she began a campaign for a cleaner environment by writing a letter to the then President Bush. Through her own efforts, her letter was reproduced on over 250 donated billboards (广告牌) across the country.

　　The response to her request for help was so huge that Poe established Kids For A Cleaner Environment(Kids F. A. C. E. )in 1989. There are now 300, 000 members of Kids F. A. C. E. worldwide and it is the world’s largest youth environmental organization.

　　Poe has also asked the National Park Service to carry out a“Children’s Forest” project in every national park. In 1992, she was invited as one of only six children in the world to speak at the Earth Summit in Brazil as part of the Voices of the Future Program. In 1993, she was given a Caring Award for her efforts by the Caring Institute.

　　Since the organization started, Kids F. A. C. E. members have distributed and planted over 1 million trees! Ongoing tree-planting projects include Kid’s Yards—the creation of backyard wildlife habitats (栖息地) —and now Kids F. A. C. E. is involved in the exciting Earth Odyssey, which is a great way to start helping.

　　“Starting the club turned out to be a way to help people get involved with the environment. Club members started doing things like recycling, picking up litter and planting trees as well as inviting other kids to join their club. “

　　“We try to tell kids that it’s not OK to be lazy,” she explains. “You need to start being a responsible, environmentally friendly person now, right away, before you become a resource-sucking adult.”

　　1. Kids F. A. C. E. is　.　

　　A. a program to help students with writing

　　B. a project of litter recycling

　　C. a campaign launched by President Bush

　　D. a club of environmental protection

　　2. What can we learn about Poe?

　　A. She was awarded a prize in Brazil.

　　B. She donated billboards across the country.

　　C. She got positive responses for her efforts.

　　D. She joined the National Park Service.

　　3. Kid’s Yards is　.　

　　A. established in a national park

　　B. started to protect wildlife

　　C. a wildlife-raising project

　　D. an entertainment park for kids

　　4. Which of the following can be inferred from the text?

　　A. Adults are resource-sucking people.

　　B. Poe sought help from a youth organization.

　　C. Kids F. A. C. E. members are from the U. S.

　　D. Kids are urged to save natural resources.

　　【参考答案】52.1-4 DCBB　

　　[史地自然型阅读理解(二)]-----(一)

　　Animals can move from place to place, but plants cannot. When an animal is under attack, it can run away or fight back. Plants certainly cannot run away, and they lack teeth and claws. But plants can defend themselves by using both physical and chemical means.

　　Some plants have their own ways to keep animals away. For example, the leaves of the holly plant have sharp spines (刺) that discourage grasseating animals. Holly leaves on lower branches have more spines than leaves on upper branches. This is because the lower leaves are easier for most animals to reach.

　　Some plants, such as the oak tree, have thick and hard leaves that are difficult for animals to eat. Some grasses may contain a sandy material; eating such grasses wears down the animal's teeth.

　　Many plants also have chemical defenses. Some plants produce chemicals that taste bitter or cause an unpleasant reaction. Some plants may fight against an attack by increasing the production of these chemicals. When a caterpillar (毛虫) bites a tobacco leaf, the leaf produces a chemical messenger. This messenger sends to the roots the information to produce more nicotine. The higher levels of nicotine discourage the caterpillar.

　　Many plants depend on both physical and chemical defenses. A certain plant in China, for instance, has prickly (多刺的) leaves, and each prickle contains poisonous venom (毒液). A single experience with this kind of plant will teach an animal to stay away from it in the future.

　　1．The holly plant has more spines on the lower leaves because most animals________．

　　A．are not tall enough

　　B．like the lower leaves only

　　C．are not clever enough

　　D．can get the lower leaves easily

　　2．To defend themselves, oak trees use________．

　　A．chemical means

　　B．physical means

　　C．bitter chemicals

　　D．sandy materials

　　3．How does tobacco protect itself against an attack from a caterpillar?

　　A．Its leaves fight against the attack by physical means.

　　B．Its roots send a messenger to discourage the caterpillar.

　　C．Its roots increase the production of nicotine when it is attacked.

　　D．Its leaves produce poisonous sand to drive the caterpillar away.

　　4．What would be the best title for this passage?

　　A．Plants and animals

　　B．How plants defend themselves

　　C．Attacks and defenses

　　D．How animals eat plant leaves

　　(一)

　　【要点综述】本文主要讲述的是不能移动的植物是如何保护自己的。

　　1．D　细节理解题。根据文章第二段中“For example，the leaves of the holly plant have sharp spines (刺) that discourage grasseating animals…because the lower leaves are easier for most animals to reach.”可知D项正确。

　　2．B　细节理解题。根据第三段中“Some plants，such as the oak tree，have thick and hard leaves that are difficult for animals to eat.”可知。故B项正确。

　　3．C　细节理解题。根据第四段中“When a caterpillar (毛虫) bites a tobacco leaf，the leaf produces a chemical messenger.This messenger sends to the roots the information to produce more nicotine.”可知树根分泌出更多的nicotine。故C项正确。

　　4．B　主旨大意题。本文主要讲述的是不能移动的植物是如何保护自己的。故B项正确。

　　社会生活类

　　The Diet Zone:A Dangerous Place

　　Diet Coke,diet Pepsi,diet pills,no-fat diet,vegetable diet. . . We are surrounded by the word “diet” everywhere we look and listen. We have so easily been attracted by the promise and potential of diet products that we have stopped thinking about what diet products are doing to us. We are paying for products that harm us psychologically and physically(身体上).

　　Diet products significantly weaken us psychologically. On one level,we are not allowing our brains to admit that our weight problems lie not in actually losing the weight,but in controlling the consumption of fatty,high-calorie,unhealthy foods. Diet products allow us to jump over the thinking stage and go straight for the scale(秤)instead. All we have to do is to swallow or recognize the word “diet” in food labels.

　　On another level,diet products have greater psychological effects. Every time we have a zero-calorie drink,we are telling ourselves without our awareness that we don’t have to work to get results. Diet products make people believe thatgain comes without pain,and that life can be without resistance and struggle.

　　The danger of diet products lies not only in the psychological effects they have on us,but also in the physical harm that they cause. Diet foods can indirectly harm our bodies because consuming them instead of healthy foods means we are preventing our bodies from having basic nutrients(营养成分). Diet foods and diet pills contain zero calorie only because the diet industry has created chemicals to produce these wonder products. Diet products may not be nutritional,and the chemicals that go into diet products are potentially dangerous.

　　Now that we are aware of the effects that diet products have on us,it is time to seriously think about buying them. Losing weight lies in the power of minds,not in the power of chemicals. Once we realize this,we will be much better able to resist diet products,and therefore prevent the psychological and physical harm that comes from using them.

　　1. From Paragraph 1,we learn that　.　

　　A. diet products fail to bring out people’s potential

　　B. people have difficulty in choosing diet products

　　C. diet products are misleading people

　　D. people are fed up with diet products

　　2. One psychological effect of diet products is that people tend to　.　

　　A. try out a variety of diet foods

　　B. hesitate before they enjoy diet foods

　　C. pay attention to their own eating habits

　　D. watch their weight rather than their diet

　　3. In Paragraph 3,“gain comes without pain” probably means　.　

　　A. losing weight is effortless

　　B. it costs a lot to lose weight

　　C. diet products bring no pain

　　D. diet products are free from calories

　　4. Diet products indirectly harm people physically because such products　.　

　　A. are over-consumed　B. lack basic nutrients

　　C. are short of chemicals D. provide too much energy

　　5. Which of the following shows the structure of the passage?

　　CP:　Central Point　P:　Point　Sp:　Sub-point(次要点)　C:　Conclusion

　　【参考答案】53.1-5 CDABB　

　　[史地自然型阅读理解(二)]---- (二)

　　If you are afraid of the dark，it's not a big deal.It's perfectly normal to feel afraid. After all，animals do，too. “Fear matters，”says Karen Warkentin，an ecologist.“It's a good thing，” she adds, “because fear makes you do things that keep you alive.”

　　Like kids，many animals experience fear and they respond to the feeling in variety of ways.A frightened turtle pulls its head and legs inside its shell.A

　　small fish will swim away when a big，hungry fish approaches.

　　Some animals respond to fear in ways you might not expect.The first example is that the fear of being eaten can scare some frogs right out of their eggs. Warkentin made the surprising discovery while studying redeyed tree frogs in Costa Rica.

　　In this species，female frogs attach jellylike clumps(果冻一样的块状物)of their eggs to the undersides of leaves.The leaves hang on branches that dangle(悬挂)over ponds.After they hatch from the eggs，the tadpoles(蝌蚪)then fall into the water，where they eventually grow into adult frogs.

　　Tree frog eggs usually grow for 6 days before hatching.If they sense that a hungry snake is about to attack，however，they can hatch up to 2 days ahead of the schedule. As the snakes are unable to swim，by falling into the water early，the tadpoles can escape.

　　If hatching early helps protect redeyed tree frogs from snakes，you might wonder why their eggs don't always hatch sooner.It turns out that hatching early brings its own danger.Once tadpoles land in the water，hungry fish and other animals like to eat them, too.Staying in their eggs for 6 days，then，allows frog embryos(胚胎)to grow big and strong.This extra growth improves their chances of surviving in the water.

　　1．It can be inferred from the passage that fears________．

　　A．help animals grow bigger and stronger

　　B．are less common among young animals

　　C．help animals move a lot to fit the environment

　　D．are more or less important for animals to survive

　　2．We are told in the passage that tree frogs________．

　　A．face danger both inside their eggs and in the water

　　B．will grow fast if they fall into the water later

　　C．are surprisingly clever when inside their eggs

　　D．stay in their eggs longer if they are frightened

　　3．Why do the tadpoles hatch up to 2 days ahead of the schedule？

　　Because________．

　　A．they like falling into the water early

　　B．they want to grow into adult frogs

　　C．they sense a hungry snake is about to attack

　　D．frog embryos can grow strong

　　4．What is the best title of the passage?

　　A．What is fear?

　　B．Why do we feel afraid?

　　C．You feel afraid；animals do, too

　　D．Fear is a good thing

　　5．What would be discussed in the following paragraph?

　　A．Further explanations as to why tree frogs hatch ahead of the schedule.

　　B．How the unborn frogs know when a snake is about to attack them.

　　C．Another example of animals that respond to fear in an unexpected way.

　　D．How tree frogs improve their chances of survival before falling into the water.

　　(二)

　　【要点综述】本文主要论述的是恐惧是人类和动物常见的一种现象，有时恐惧是一件好事。动物对于恐惧的反应是不同的，有些反应方式甚至超乎人们的想象。

　　1．D　推理判断题。根据“…because fear makes you do things that keep you alive.”可知D项正确。

　　2．A　细节理解题。根据“If they sense that a hungry snake is about to attack，however，they can hatch up to 2 days ahead of schedule.”和“Once tadpoles land in the water，hungry fish and other animals like to eat them，too.”可知，它们在孵化期间害怕蛇的攻击，在水里害怕被其他动物吃掉。故选A项。

　　3．C　细节理解题。根据“If they sense that a hungry snake is about to attack，however，they can hatch up to 2 days ahead of the schedule.As the snakes are unable to swim，by falling into the water early，the tadpoles can escape.”可知，因为对它们有威胁的蛇不会游泳，所以提前孵化出来，掉到水里，蝌蚪就能够逃离蛇的攻击了。故选C项。

　　4．D　主旨大意题。文章通过举例说明害怕是一件好事。故选D项。

　　5．C　篇章结构题。根据“Some animals respond to fear in ways you might not expect.The first example is that the fear of being eaten can scare some frogs right out of their eggs.”可知，既然这是举例，有了第一个例子，那么它的后面还会有例子。故选C项。