2016届高考英语基础词汇解读：必修5module5thegreatsportspersonality

　　Module 5

　　The Great Sports Personality

　　Explanations for new words and phrases

　　1、retirevi. 退休；退役My father retired at the age of 60. 我父亲60岁时退休。retired adj. 退休/退职了的。

　　retiring adj. (即将)退休/退职的。retirement：n. 退休；退役

　　Both my parents are retired / retired doctors. 我的双亲退休了/是退休医生. After retiring from the army, it took him a long time to get used to the new life. 从军队退役后，他花

　　She took up painting after retirement. 退休之后她开始从事绘画。了很长时间才适应新生活。

　　、perform vt.& vi.

　　1）上演；扮演；演奏。When will the play be performed? 那出戏何时上演I’m looking forward to seeing you perform. 我期待着看你演出。

　　She performs/plays an important role in our organization. 在我们组织里她担任重要角色。

　　2）履行实行；完成；履行。perform an experiment / operation 做实验/手术perform one’s duty/promise 履行职责/诺言

　　The students are performing an experiment. 学生们正在做一个实验。

　　He is sure to perform his promiseduties. 他肯定会履行诺言。The young doctor performed the heart operation on the patient. 年轻医生给病人做了心脏手术。

　　Our team performed well/ badly in the match yesterday. 昨天我们队在比赛中表现很好/差。

　　3）（机器等）运转。The engine seems to be performing well. 发动机似乎运转正常。

　　performance n．表演；表现；性能；执行；履行。give a performance / put on performances演出

　　They will give a performance/put on performances at the theater. 他们将在那家剧院演出。

　　performer

　　n．表演者

　　3、on the increase正在增加= on the rise在增加反义on the decrease/decline 在减少在衰退The number of burglaries in the area seems to be on the increase. 该地入室盗窃案似乎有增无减。

　　I hopes to be able to increase your pay to $6000 a month. 我希望能将你的月工资提到6000美元。

　　辨析：on the rise一般指事物的价值或价格在上涨中,指的是价格的增长；

　　on the increase 一般指体积、数量、强度、程度、力量、权威、名声、财富、犯罪率等增大或增长。Crime in big cities is on the increase. 大城市里的犯罪率呈增长趋势。

　　The number of smokers in our country is on the rise. 我国烟民数量在增长。

　　常用搭配increase with 随…增长increase by 增加了…倍百分之…increase to 增加到…

　　The number of the students in our class increased by ten this year. 今年学生数增加了十人on the + 动词性名词一般构成副词词组表示正在…中。on the advance

　　(物价)在上涨中on the advancing 在进步中on the air 在广播中

　　on the fly 在飞行中匆忙地在百忙中on the go 活跃，忙个不停

　　on the move在活动中

　　advantage：n. C/U 优势，长处，优点，有利条件。disadvantage：n．不利条件。1) take advantage of 对…加以利用乘机利用。 take (full) advantage of = make full use of = make the best of

　　Take advantage of class timeor you will miss most of what the teacher says.

　　利用好课堂上的时间，要不然你会错过老师讲的内容。

　　He often takes advantage of her kindness and borrows money from her. 常利用她的善良向她借钱。Don’t lend them the car—they’re taking advantage of you! 不要把车借给他们，他们在利用你！

　　2) win(have /get /gain) an / the advantage over/of ：胜过优于。has the advantage of有...(某方面的)优势。

　　Her teaching experience gave her a big advantage over the other applicants for the job.

　　她的教学经历使她比起其他求职者具有更大的优势。选手更有优势。

　　Yao Ming has an advantage over other players in playing basketball.姚明在打篮球方面比其他

　　You have the advantage of me there.

　　在那点上你比我强。He has the advantage of a good education. 他有受过良好教育的优势。3) to one’s advantage = to the advantage of sb. 对某人有利be of advantage to 对…有利

　　It would be to your advantage to prepare questions in advance. 事先把问题准备好肯定会对你有利。guarantee：vt. 担保；保证；允诺

　　guarantee sb. sth. /guarantee sth. to sb. 向某人保证某事。guarantee to do sth. 保证做某事。

　　guarantee保修sth.(to be)．..保证…(是…)。guarantee that... 保证…。

　　guarantee sb./sth. against/from保证…不受/免遭…。be guaranteed to do sth. 保证做某事。If I go to Jinan, can you guarantee me a well-paid job? 如我去济南，你能保证为我提供一份待遇= If I go to Jinan, can you guarantee a well-paid job to me?

　　丰厚的工作吗？

　　We guarantee to deliver your goods within a week.我们保证一周内交货。

　　They guarantee this clock for a year.

　　这块表保修一年。Take this opportunity, and I guarantee that you won’t regret. 抓住这个机会，我保证你不会后悔的。

　　That kind of behavior is guaranteed to make him angry. 那样的行为肯定会让他生气。

　　n. 担保抵押物保证书。 give/offer/provide a guarantee提供担保under guarantee在保修期内

　　Goods are sold with money-back guarantee. 出售商品, 质量不符, 保证退款。

　　He offered his house as a guarantee.

　　他用房子做担保。

　　My watch is still under guaranteeso they’ll repair it for free. 还在保修期内，会免费给我修理。

　　The TV set has a year’s guarantee and it’s still under guarantee.保修一年且现仍在保修期内。

　　He gave me a guarantee that it would never happen again. 他向我们保证这种事情决不会再发生。

　　We haven't fixed a specific date for our meeting. 我们会议的具体日期还没有定下来。

　　What's the specific time of his arrival? 他确切的到达时间是几点钟?

　　Will you be specific? 请讲清楚些, 好吗?

　　score： vt/vi. 得分评分赢得

　　score a goal进球得score full marks得满分score a success / victory取得成功/胜利

　　She scored 100 on the test, which greatly surprised his cl assmates. 测验得100分，惊呆了其他同学。

　　Will you score? 你来记分好吗? We scored a point. 我们赢了一分。

　　He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball, otherwise he would have scored a goal. 进球前犹We had a bad play, but we scored. 我们踢得不好, 但却获胜了。豫了一会儿，要不然就得分了。n. (游戏或比赛)得分(考试)分数成绩二十(twenty单复同）keep score记分The score is 2 to 1. 比分是2比1。He tried his best to make a good score in the exam.

　　他尽力想在考试中得个高分。

　　score与具体数字或a few, several, many等相对具体的数字连用时不加s后可接或不接of不与具体数字连用时，常构成词组scores of后接可数名词复数。a ( three) score 20(60)，three score and ten 70，a (three) score of people 20(70)个人，

　　three score of eggs 60个蛋， scores of 许多

　　scores of years 许多年There are three score (of) students reading in the library. 图书馆有60个同学正在读书。There were a few score (of) visitors waiting outside.

　　有个来访者在外等候。

　　Scores of volunteers offered to help. 几十个志愿者愿提供帮助。

　　dozen： n. 一打,十二个(不加s)

　　a dozen，three dozen

　　1).可由具体数字many, several, how many修饰，但不加-s也不加ofa (three, several, many) dozen books

　　They sold three dozen copies of the magazine. 销售了3打这种杂志。

　　2).当dozen后接these, those, them, us时，先加of再接这些词

　　two dozen of those books

　　two dozen of them

　　3).常用短语：be sold by the dozen按打卖

　　dozens of 许多

　　dozens of books

　　8、final： n. 决赛；期终考试Semi-final半决赛 quarter-final 1/4决赛

　　They have reached the finals.已进决赛。e is studying for the finals. 正准备期终考试。

　　最后的最终的决定性的确定性的The judge's ruling is final. 法官的判决是终审判决。

　　We are hopeful of our final victory. 我们对我们的最后胜利抱有希望。

　　最后的/最终的；基本的, 根本的。=Hoped for ultimate victory. 期待着最后的胜利An ultimate truth根本的事实

　　What was his ultimate goal? 他的最终目标是什么?

　　The sun is the ultimate store of power. 太阳是能量之本。

　　rise to one’s feet：站起来The headmaster rose to his feet to welcome me. 校长站起身来欢迎我。

　　He rose to his feet and left the room without a word. 他站起身一句话也没说就离开了那个房间。

　　He tried to struggle to his feet，but in vain. 他试图挣扎着站起来，但是徒劳。

　　Now that you have been an adult，you must learn to stand on your own feet. 既已成人，须学会自立。Hearing the news，he jumped to his feet with joy. 听到这个消息，他高兴地跳了起来。protest： vt. 抗议，反对protest against 反对/抗议We strongly protest against/at /about this remark of yours. 我们强烈抗议你说的这句话。n. 抗议反对make a protest about对…提出抗议without protest平静乖乖地毫无怨言She accepted the charge without protest. 她一声不吭的接受了指控The people made a protest about the increase in prices. 人们对价格上涨提出了抗议。

　　declare： v. 宣告，宣布；声明，断言declare sb./sth. to be宣布某人/某物为…

　　declare that clause声称宣称布告…declare war on/against向宣战declare against/for声明赞成/反对表态支持/反对某事declare oneself 表明立场意向declare peace宣布和平declare the meeting open宣布开会

　　e declared the man to be innocent. 他宣布那个人是无辜的。

　　John was declared to be the winner of the game. 约翰被宣布为是这次游戏的赢家。

　　He declared that the news was true.宣布消息是真。She declared that she knew nothing about .声称对

　　The government had to declare war on Japan. 政府不得不向日本宣战。这一无所知。

　　The people declare against/for the war. 人民宣布反对/支持这场战争。

　　辨析1) declare指正式宣布，当众宣布。通常指官方正式公布、宣告事情。

　　The results of the election will be declared soon. 选举结果很快就会公布。

　　2) announce指预告性地宣布或公开宣告大家关心的事情。后接名词或代词或that宾语从句The teacher announced that the winter holidays would begin on January 28. 宣布元月28日放寒假。

　　The bell announced the end of the class. 下课铃响了。3) claim多指根据权利宣称，声称。

　　Doctors claimed to have discovered a cure for the disease. 医生们声称已找到该疾病的治疗方法。

　　tough：adj. 困难的棘手的难对付的；强硬的不妥协的；坚强能吃苦的She won't last long in that job as it's too tough.  她做那件工作坚持不了多久--那工作太困难She is a pretty tough customer.她是个难对付的顾客。 This is a tough problem.是个难题。

　　He is tough to work with. 他很难共事。

　　He'll never pay off unless you get tough with him. 你对他态度强硬，他才会还清债务。

　　They are very tough on drunk drivers. 他们对酒后驾车者十分严格。

　　This policy is very tough. 这个政策是很强硬的。

　　He has a tough character.他有一个坚韧的性格。She is a tough person. 她是一个坚强的人。

　　You need to be tough to survive in the jungle. 要在丛林中活下来就要有坚忍不拔的意志。

　　The meat is too tough to eat. 这肉老得不能吃。