2016届高考英语基础词汇解读：必修5module1britishandamericanenglish

　　Module 1

　　Life in the future

　　Explanations for new words and phrases

　　1、have … in common with sb / sth： 有相同的特点；与...有...共同之处。have something/a lot/nothing/not much/little in common with：与…有一些/很多/没有/没多少/很少共同点

　　We have really everything in common with American nowadays, except of course, language. (P1)

　　To my surprise, I found I had a lot in common with this stranger.They are twins, but they have nothing in common.

　　他们是双胞胎，但毫无共同之处。

　　English is a different language from Chinese, but they have something in common.

　　英语是一种不同于汉语的语言，但它们有一些共同之处。

　　in common： 共有的、共同的。in common with： 与…一样。

　　In common with other earthquakes, the earthquake in Japan caused great damage.

　　2、make a difference 有影响，起作用；使不相同It doesn’t make much of a difference whether a teacher speaks British or American English. (P1)

　　The sea air has made a difference to her health.海上的空气改善了她的健康。A false step will make a great difference to my future. 错走一步对我的前程来说会产生很大影响。As teachers, you must believe that you can make a difference to the lives of your students.

　　身为教师，你们必须坚信你们能够影响学生的一生。

　　make no some / much difference to …：

　　对…没有有些 / 有很大关系make all the difference to： 对…关系重大；与大不相同的明天与众不同。It’s what you do today that will make a difference in your life tomorrow. 是你今天的所作所为使你

　　What we can do will make much difference to our society. 我们能做的事会对社会产生很大影响。

　　Just a word or two at the right moment can make all the difference to someone. 在适当的时候只言片语的鼓励足以令人改观。

　　It will make no difference to him whatever you may decide. 无论你做什么决定，对他都一样。

　　accent：He speaks with a strong southern accent. 他说话带有很浓的南方口音。

　　She told me her story in broken accent.她泣不成声地告诉我她的经历。

　　obvious： adj. 显然的，显而易见的。

　　同练P5-3

　　produce an obvious result 有了明显的效果It is obvious that she is very clever.

　　Would you please look through the paper for me and see if there are any obvious mistakes?

　　5、get around / round / about 四处走动行走到处走动；(消息)传开(spread)散布He was ill last week, but he's getting around now. 上星期他病了，但他现在已起床行走了。

　　Nowadays people get about much moe than they used to. 现在人们外出旅行比过去多得多了。

　　The old lady gets around with the help of a stick. The news that he was elected president soon got around. 他被选为总统的消息四处传开了。

　　It got around that the school was in great need of teachers. 据传那个学校非常需要老师。

　　get away from离开；摆脱；回避；否认get (sth) across (to sb)： (某事为某人理解

　　get down to (sth / doing sth)： 开始做…get through： 做完，通过；接通

　　get over： 克服，战胜，掌握；恢复常态get up：起来

　　会把你丢在后面。

　　It’s time that you got down to study (n.) or the other students will leave behind. 该学习了,否则别人

　　He didn’t come because he couldn’t get away from his work. 他没来，因为他无法在工作中抽身。

　　I spoke slowly, but my meaning didn’t get across. 讲得很慢，但意思还是没被理解。

　　My secretary does everything very quickly; she can get through a lot of work in a morning.完成工作

　　6、queue：排队, 排队等待队,We queued for the bus. 排队等公车。We had to queue for hours to get in.须排几小时的队才能进。

　　____ in the queue for half an hour, Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home.

　　A. To wait

　　B. Have waited

　　C. Having waited

　　D. To have waited

　　There was such a long queue for coffee at the interval(幕间休息) that we ____ gave up.

　　A. eventually

　　B. unfortunately

　　C. generously

　　D. purposefully(坚定地/有目的(决心)地)

　　7、confusing： adj. 令人困惑的难懂的Sometimes the same word has a slightly different meaning, which can be confusing. (P2)

　　The instructions on the box are very confusing. 盒上的说明让人难懂。

　　It is a confusing problem. 让人困惑的问题。

　　It was confusing that he should give up the chance. 居然放弃机会真让人难懂。

　　confuse： vt. 使困惑混淆；搞乱

　　confuse A with/and B 把 A和B混淆了

　　confused adj. (常指人困惑的get / be confused by… 对…感到困惑的

　　confusion n.

　　困惑；混乱；混淆in confusion 困惑地；迷惑地；在混乱中

　　They confused me by asking so many confusing questions. I was totally confused, standing there in confusion, not knowing what to do.

　　他们提了一大堆令人费解的问题，把我难住了。我稀里糊涂，迷茫地站在那儿，全然不知所措。

　　The teacher didn’t explain the problem clearly, so many students were ______. A. confusing

　　B. confused

　　C. to confuse

　　D. confusion

　　8、compare：vt. 比较，对照；把…比作 vi.相比，比得上

　　n.比较Prepositions, too, can be different: compare on the team, on the weekend (American) with in the team, at the weekend (British). (P2)

　　In the 19th century, Dickens compared the two cities, London and Paris, in A Tale of Two Cities.

　　在19世纪，查尔斯*狄更斯在«双城记»中把伦敦和巴黎两座城市作了对比。

　　His spoken English doesn’t compare with yours. 比上compare A with B：与…比较，相比If you compare this car with that one, you’ll find this one is better.

　　compare A to B： 把… 比作We often compare children to flowers of our country.

　　compared with/to + n / pron：与…相比（过去分词短语作状语）Compared to/with the laid-off workers, we’re indeed very lucky. 与相比Michael’s new house is like a huge palace, compared with his old one. 与相比omit： vt. 省略；遗漏；疏忽；忽略不做You have omitted my name in from the list. 把我名漏掉了。

　　differ： vi

　　不同，有区别；意见分歧或相左

　　The other two areas in which the two varieties differ are spelling and pronuciation.

　　(P2)

　　differ with sb on / about sth： 在…上与某人意见/观点不同= disagree with sb on / about sth

　　differ from sb / sth： 与某人/某事物不同differ in sth：在某方面不同

　　They differ widely in their opinions.

　　As we know, they differ with you on this subject.

　　People differ individually. 人各有别。English differs greatly from Spanish in pronuciation.

　　Thoughts of westerners differ much __from those of _ easterners in amny ways.

　　Leaves are found on all kinds of trees, but they differ greatly __in __ size and shape.

　　The way Xiao Li did it differed _ from what__ we were used to.

　　11、settler： n. 移民/侨民；定居者。

　　settle：vt. 安排/放/家/居；解决/调停；(鸟等)栖息。

　　They ancestry settled the land in 1856. 他们1856年在这块土地上定居下来。

　　And a word from him would settle everything. 只要他说一句话, 一切问题就解决了。

　　With a lot of difficult problems settled, the man felt like a cat on a hot brick.

　　12、be similar to： 与…相似相同the same as 与…一样；与…相同

　　The accent, which is most similar to British English, can be heard on the East Coast of the US. (P2)

　　All eggs are similar to each other, but no two eggs are identical. 蛋都相似但没两个完全一样。Everyone is familiar with eggs. All eggs look similar, but no two eggs are quite the same. 人人都熟悉鸡蛋。所有鸡蛋看上去相似，但没有两个鸡蛋是完全相同的。What you said is similar to what the teacher said. 你说的话与老师说的很类似。

　　be similar in …：在…方面相似The two sentences are similar in structure. 结构相似。

　　My new dress is similar in style to the one you have.

　　在款式上与你的相似。

　　similarity：n. 相似/类似。

　　similarly：adv. 相似/类似地。

　　The result showed that the method could reflect the similarity and difference among samples well.

　　结果表明：用这种方法能很好地反映样品间的相似性和差异性。

　　Cats are similar___ tigers ___ several ways.

　　A. with; to

　　B. to; in

　　C. in; to

　　D. on; with

　　反义短语：be different from 与…不同

　　13、remark： n. 言辞；评论；讲话

　　v.

　　评论，谈论；谈到；说When the Irish writer George Bernard Shaw made the famous remark that the British and the Americans are two nations divided by a common language, he was obviously thinking about the differences. (P2)

　　As the famous expert__, the secret__happiness is to think about positive things and stay optimistic.

　　A. retells; on

　　B. reminds; to

　　C. remarks; of

　　D. respects; in

　　remark that 说…, 评论…He remarked that it was getting late. 他说天色渐晚了。

　　remark on/upon sth/sb谈论He was remarking upon the subject when I came into the room.

　　make a remark/remarks on/about 对…发表评论

　　请说说你对上海世博会主题“城市让生活更美”的认识。Please make a remark on “Better City, Better Life”, the theme of the 2010 Shanghai World Expo.

　　remarkable： adj. 引人注目的；异常的，非凡的

　　14、variation： n. 变化, 变动(的程度) a variation of ten pounds in weight. 在重量上十磅的变化量vary

　　vt.&vi. (使)变化, 改变varied adj.各种各样各不相同形形色色的多变的

　　15、have difficulty (in) doing sth. 费力做某事；做某事有困难I have great difficulty (in) persuading her.为了说服她，我费了九牛二虎之力。

　　Japan had great difficulty controlling the explosion of nuclear power station.

　　You can't imagine what difficulty we had ____ home in the snowstorm.

　　A. walked

　　B. walk

　　C. to walk

　　D. walking

　　There is some / much / a lot of / no / little / not much difficulty / trouble (in) doing sth / with sth

　　Because of your coming, I think there’s no difficulty (in) finishing the task on time.

　　16、steadily：adv.不断地；持续地。

　　The number of foreign students attending Chinese universities is rising steadily since1990.

　　17、switch： n. 开关。

　　vt/vi. 转变/换；改变。

　　According to the air traffic rules, you should switch off your mobile phone before boarding.

　　18、lead to：通向引起导致(result in)But it has also led to lots of America words and structures passing into British English, so that some

　　people now believe that British English will disappear. (P3)

　　The bridge leads to the island.

　　这座桥通往那个岛

　　Hard work leads to success, while laziness leads to failure.

　　勤奋通往成功,而懒惰导致失败

　　lead sb to do sth领着或领导某人做某事lead sb.in doing领导某人做…lead sb to sp领某人去某处 lead/live a … life 过着…的生活in the lead 带头，领先，处于领先地位take the lead 带头

　　The picture led me to think of my childhood. 这幅画让我想起了我的童年。

　　What led you to believe him?什么使你信他? The guide led us through the forest.带我们Could you do me a favour and lead me to the bus station? 帮个忙带我去车站好吗？

　　The one in the second lane is in the lead now. 在二车道那部车现在领先了。

　　19、rapidly： adv. 迅速地/很快地/立即。

　　rapid： adj. 迅(急)速的/快的。

　　A foreign language cannot be learned rapidly, it must be learned step by step. 外语并非在短时间内就The current was rapid. 水流得很急能学会,学外语是一个循序渐进的过程Joining the firm as a clerk, he got rapid promotion, and ended up as a manager.

　　20、cute： adj. 逗人喜爱的/漂亮的；精明的/聪明伶俐的。a cute person.机敏的人 a cute dress一件漂亮的衣服

　　What a cute baby she is! 多么逗人喜爱的婴儿啊！ The little girl is very cute.那小女孩非常聪明add： vt. 加增加

　　Now add some more ideas in favour of your chosen variety. (P8)

　　add to： 增加，增添

　　The news added to his anxiety. 增添add … to …： 往…加… Will you add more sugar to your coffee? 咖啡里要多加点糖吗？

　　add up：加起来，合计

　　把这些数据加起来，告诉我总共是多少？

　　add up to：总计达Please add these figures up and tell me how much they add up to.

　　There have been several new events ___to the program for the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games.

　　A. add

　　B. to add

　　C. adding

　　D. added

　　22、in favor of：同意赞同；支持；喜欢Not everyone was in favour of this bill. 并非都赞同该法案。

　　Nowadays, youngers are in favor of Internet.现如今，青人都喜欢网络。I’m all in favour of equal pay for equal work.

　　The majority of the local people got benefit from the medical reform which they are in _____ of.

　　A.honor

　　B.danger

　　C.favor

　　D.memory

　　A.in favour of

　　B.in memory of

　　My sister was against my suggestion while my brother was ____ it.

　　C.in honour of

　　D.in search of

　　in one’s favour：对某人有利；受宠于得宠于 in favor with sb.

　　in favour：赞同的，得宠的 do sb a favor = do a favor for sb：给某人恩惠，帮某人的忙，为某人尽力

　　23、present：vt. 陈述提出观点计划介绍引荐赠与颁发 Present your ideas to the rest of the class. (P8)

　　present sb with sth = present sth to sb赠送某人某物 Present sb to sb = introduce sb to sb介绍某人给某人

　　May I present a suggestion?陈述Allow me to present Mr Brown to you. 介绍布朗给你。

　　We learn from the past, experience the present and hope for success in the future. 总结过去把握现在

　　He was presented with an award. = An award was presented to him. 颁奖

　　期盼未来。

　　n. 礼物；目前at present = at the present time 在目前，在现在

　　for the present 就目前来说，暂时up to the present 直到现在

　　At present Libya’s situation is extremely terrible. 目前adj. (前置定语目前的，现在的后置定语出席的，到场的We have no choice in the present case. 在目前情况下，我们别无选择。

　　The chairman presented a present to all the people present and presented his opinions on the present situation.

　　大会主席给所有在场的人颁发了礼物并就目前的形势陈述了他的看法。

　　2、refer to...as...：称…为…。

　　The Chinese refer to their language as Han, as it became popular among the people during the Han Dynasty (P8)

　　He is referred to as an artist. The American Indians referred to salt as “magic white sand”.把盐称为魔法砂。

　　People tend to refer to hospitality industry as “window industry”.人们习惯把服务行业称为“窗口行业”。

　　refer...to...提交提到涉及；上呈；查阅询；参考We agreed never to refer to the matter again.不提此事。The book referred to just now is of great help.

　　The hospital now refers to patients by name, not case number.

　　按名而不是病历号叫病人。

　　You can refer to the dictionary when you come across a word.

　　treat … as…把…当作…对待 regard… as…把…当作…look on … as把…视为…Can you see any similarities between Webster’s work and attempts to simplify Chinese? (P9)

　　attempt： n. & v.

　　努力；尝试He didn’t pass the exam, but it was a good attempt. 很好的的尝试

　　The man attempts to escape being fined whenever he breaks traffic regulations. 试图attempt to do / doing sth 试图做某事 He attempted to get in touch with them but without success.

　　make an attempt to do 打算，试图He made an attempt to solve the problem in another way but failed.

　　The doctors are making an attempt to prevent cancer cells spreading. 试at one’s/the first attempt 第一次尝试 Not many people can answer this question at the first attempt.

　　26、simplify： vt. (使某事物)简单简明

　　Try to simplify your explanation for the children. 你给孩子们讲解要设法讲得简单明了。

　　That will simplify my task. 那可简化我的工作

　　27、combination：n. 组合联合结合in combination with：与…联合在一起

　　His character is a combination of strength and kindness.

　　他的性格是刚与柔的结合。He carried on the business in combination with his friends. 他与朋友们合伙做生意。combine： v. (使)联合, (使)结合 combine …with…：使…与…结合;

　　同时具有

　　We can’t always combine work with pleasure. 我们不能总是把工作与快乐连在一起Students should combine what they have learnt at school with real practice.

　　学生应该把在学校学到的知识与实际结合起来We should combine theory with practice.

　　我们应该使理论与实际相结合thanks to：对…表示感谢多亏；由于

　　Thanks to fine acting by all the cast, the play succeeded.由于全体演员的出色表演，戏才获得成功。

　　Thanks to your help, we were successful. 由于你的帮助, 我们得以成功。Thanks to you, the boy was saved from drowning. 幸亏你, 才没有淹死。

　　辨析：because of，due to 和thanks to

　　thanks to“幸亏，多亏”，多用于表达感谢；在句中作状语和表语，可置于句首或句中；

　　because of“由于，因为”，常作原因状语，有时也可用作表语；它在句中与其他成分不用逗号隔开；

　　due to“由于，归功于”，常引出造成后果的原因，在句中作表、状和定语；作状语时，不与其他成分隔开。distinctive：adj. 特殊的独特的不一般的Alcohol has a very distinctive smell; it's quite distinct from the smell of wine.酒精有独特的气味,它和

　　She had a distinctive appearance.她的外貌与众不同。葡萄酒的气味明显不同。

　　criticise：vt. 批评评论criticise poetry? 评论He was criticized by the teacher for failing to pass the exam. 因考试不合格受到教师的批评。

　　Stop criticizing (my work)!

　　别再挑剔（我的工作/作品）了！

　　He criticised my taking risks.

　　批评了我的冒险举动。

　　31、standard：adj. 标准的,正常/一般的。

　　standard size标准尺寸

　　standard model 普通模式

　　n. 标准, 水准, 规范平均质量; 业务水平The standard of height/behaviour 身高/行为标准

　　a high moral standard 较高的道德水准

　　The people of the US have a high standard of living. 美国人民的生活水平很高。

　　THis work does not reach the standard required.工作成绩达不到要求。

　　32、reference:

　　n. 提及涉及The play is full of references to the political events of those days. 剧本涉及当时的许多政治事件。Avoid (making) any reference to his illness. 千万别提起他的病。

　　in...way 在某方面They are friends and they are also competitors in another way. 是朋友也是竞争对手。across/over the way 路/街对面　all the way沿路；从远处,特地；自始至终

　　be/stand in sb’s way 妨碍某人,阻挠某人　by the way顺路；在途中；顺便说

　　by way of经由；经过；当作；做出……样子　get in the way 妨碍

　　find one’s way out of设法走出；摆脱　give way (to) 让步；退让；消失；消除stand in line 排队。

　　Standing in line for things is a kind of good manners.排队买东西是一种礼貌行为。

　　短语in line 成一直线，成一排　

　　in line with 与……一致，与……符合

　　out of line 不成一直线，不一致，出格　

　　on line 联机的，在线的line up （使）排成行，（使）排队