Module 1
Europe
Explanations for new words and phrases
1.across:
prep. 横过/穿过(表方向)(表位置)在…对面另一边from one side to the other导学P2-2-2
My house is just across the street. 我的房子就在马路对面。
同义词opposite:n. & adj. & prep. & adv 对立面/物/人;在…的对面
联想cross
vt. & vi. 横过,穿过;crossing
n. 跨越,十字路口
辨析cross “穿过;横过”,与on有关,表动作在某一物体的表面进行,常指从宽度意义上讲的“横穿;跨越”。
hrough “穿过”,其含义与in有关,表示动作在物体的空间内进行。
ver “越过到(街道、马路、河流等)另一边去”,表示高于某物之上。
面朝面临;正视n. 脸;面be faced with ... 面临/面对…hit sb. in the face 打中某人的脸He faced the difficulty with courage. 他勇敢地面对困难。
I was faced with new problems. 我面临着新的问题。
拓展与face有关的固定搭配:
face the music 勇敢地面对困难;勇于承担责任 face up to sth. 勇于对付;大胆面对
face to face 面对面地(做状语)
facetoface 面对面的(做定语)be faced with+ n. 面临着… in the face of 面对;不顾…make a face (=make faces)做鬼脸;扮怪相
save one‘s face 保全面子
lose one’s face 失面
.rangen. 排;连续;山脉;(变化等的)幅度;(知识等的)范围;区域;射程v. 排列,使排队;(动植物)分布;(在一定范围内)变化,变动a wide range of 一系列… a full range of 各种…in/out of the range of 在/超出…范围
in/within range 在射程以内,在…范围内 beyond/out of range 在射程外,在…范围外out of one‘s range 某人能力达不到的,某人知识以外的
range from...to...
在…范围内变动,包括(由…到…)之间的各类事物range between...and... 在…和…范围内变动
an easily recognized object
The Eiffel Tower is the landmark of Paris.
埃菲尔铁塔是巴黎的标志性建筑。
andmark 还有“里程碑;界石;地界标”的意思。
in the stated(规定指定的) place
导学P3-3-2
The school is situated just outside the town.
学校就位于镇子的外面。
situatev. 使位于;使处于 Situation: n. 建筑物等的位置;形势,立场,境遇搭配:be situated on/in/at. + n.位于坐落在…的;处于…地位(境遇、立场)的in表界限以内;on表界限以外并接壤;to表界限以外be badly/well situated 境况困难/良好
be in an embarrassing situation 处境尴尬the international (domestic) situation 国际(国内)形势be situated in/on/to/at
位于…的situated in a particular spot or position
location
n. 场所;地点; locate
v. 坐落于
In which part of the world is the Great Wall located? 长城位于世界的哪一部分?
辨析situated:adj. 可表方位,也可表人的处境located:adj. 只表方位确定某物位置,找出…的场所之意。Where will the school be situated/located?We located the island on the map.
How are you situated? —Very badly.something which suggests something else
导学P4-5
The dove is the symbol of peace.
鸽子是和平的象征。
搭配:the symbol of sth.……的象征;……的标志
the symbol for sth.
……的符号;……的记号H2O is the symbol for water. H2O是代表水的符号。
a person who designs new buildings
He was one of the architects of the bridge.
他是这座桥梁的设计师之一。
拓展architect 还可指“(任何计划的)设计师;发起者”。…术/…风格/…式样
architectural:
adj. 建筑学的,有关建筑的
8.project:
n. 计划;项目;工程。= any piece of work that is undertaken or attempted
The class are doing a project on the Roman occupation of Britain.
这个班在进行一项关于古罗马人占领不列颠的研究。
同义词:task,labor
同根词:projection
n. 设计;发射;投影 projector
n. 放映机;投影仪;幻灯机
辨析plan是表示“计划”的最常用语。 program多指团体制订的计划或规模,比project规模大。
project与plan既指个人计划,又指团体计划,可互换,但与工程有关的多用project。an advance stage of human development
The history student hoped to compare the civilizations of ancient China and Japan.
这个历史系的学生想比较古代中国和古代日本的文明。
civilisation还有“文明社会;开化,教化”的意思,还可拼作civilization。
in or of times long ago
the ancients 文明古国
The ancient art work of Egypt gives us some ideas.古埃及的艺术品给了我们一些启示。
辨析old, ancient和aged
old用最广,可用于人、动物和事物。常指生活或存在已久的人或事物;也可指早已认识的人,但不一定老还可表示“先前的,早先的”。其反义词是young或 new。
ancient指物,形容经历了久远的事物,很古老的时期或文明。反义词modern,一般作定语。
aged意为“老的”,相当于old。如:an old/aged man老翁。也可表示“…的岁”,与old可换用,只是位置不同。如:five years old = aged 5五岁了。
…对面。
adj.对面的/相反的/对立的。
导学P10-1
n. 反义词,adv. 在对面The bank is opposite the supermarket.
银行在超市对面。
固定搭配:
on the opposite side of在…的对面Our school is on the opposite side of the street. 学校在街道对面。
be the opposite of …的反义词Right is the opposite of wrong. 对是错的反义词。
be opposite to在…对面,和…相反His political position is opposite to ours. 政治立场与我们的对立。
be opposite from 与……相反;不相容
just the opposite 恰恰相反
同根词:opposevt. 反对,对立 opposition
n. 反对敌对对立相反
oppositely:adv. 相对地.sign n. 记号,符号;迹象;征兆;痕迹v. 签(名);做手势;做记号traffic signs 交通标志
a sign of rain 下雨的预兆
talk by signs 用手势交谈make/give a sign to 对……做手势
sign in/out签到/签退sign for/up签字领取/报名参加
sign sb. to do sth.打手势让某人做某事signature: n. 签名put one‘s signature on/to the contract 在合同上签名a written promise made between two persons or groups
An agreement with the employers was finally worked out. 与雇主们的协议终于达成了。
固定搭配:
sigh an agreement with... 与…签署协议in agreement with同意,(和…)一致We are in agreement with their decision.我们同意他们的决定。
break the agreement 撕毁协议 由于你没有做你答应的工作,你已破坏了我们之间的协议。
You have broken our agreement by not doing the work you promised.
to control and direct the affairs of(a country city, etc., and its people) using political power
You must not be governed by the opinions of others.你绝不要受别人意见的支配。
同义词:rule同根词:governing
adj.有统治权的;government
n.政府;governor
n.统治者;管理者
辨析govern,control和 rule
overn:只用权力统治,用于褒义,统治管理自己的国家、民族。
ontrol:加以管理和控制,有消极的含义,指这种管理和控制含有强制性。
ule:
统治,支配,庄重性用语,含有恶意。
a person chosen to act in place of others
They planned to send a representative to the meeting. 他们打算派一名代表去开会。
representative还可作形容词,意为“典型的,代表的”。如:
your opinions representative of those of the other students? 你的意见代表其他的学生吗?
a typical(典型/独特/有代表性的) or noticeable(显而易见/显著/明显的) part or quality
Wet weather is a feature of life in this area. 天气潮湿是这个地区生活的一个特色。
feature还可作动词,意为“由…主演”。如:
This film features Dustin Hoffman(as a divorced father).这部电影由达斯汀·霍夫曼主演(一个离了婚的父亲)。
something made especially by farming or growing
The couple like fresh farm produce best.
这对夫妇最喜欢新鲜的农产品。
辨析produce,product和production
produce 农产品product 产物;产品;制成品
production 制造;生产;推出的作品;艺术作品
because of: 因为,由于
Tom was late for the lesson because of the heavy rain.汤姆因大雨而迟到。
辨析because后要接从句,而because of后要接名词作介词宾语。
辨析
because of:意“由于、因为”,引短语常作状语表原因,有时也可作表语;在句中与其他成分不用逗号隔开。
due to“由于”引出造成后果的原因,在句中作表语、状语。作状语时,一般不与其他成分隔开。
thanks to表“幸亏、多亏”,多用于表达感谢,又可表达讽刺意义,近乎反语“感谢”。在句中作状语和表语,可置于句首或句末。
owing to“由于”,作表语或状语as a result of“作为……的结果;由于”,作状语
on account of “因为”,作状语by reason of“由于;因为”,作状语
2.be known as: 作为…而出名;被称为…(as表职业、身份、头衔等)be famous as
导学P4-6
He is a heavy-weight boxer known as “The Greatest”. 他是一名被称为“大力士”的重量级拳击手。
搭配:be known for = be famous for因……而出名(for表原因)这些短语中,known前都可
be known to sb. 为某人所熟知(to后面跟的是人)加better, bestwell等词。
ever since: 从那时起;自从since then, from that time on
导学P5-10
She left school three years ago and has worked as a nurse ever since. … …从那时起便一直当护士。
辨析ever since可作副词或连词,多与完成时连用,语气比since强。如:
Ever)since I was at school, I have learnt about 4000 English words.自上学来,已学4000单词。
since可作副词或连词,用法基本与ever since相同。此外,作连词时常用于It is/was...(表时间名词)since sb. did sth. 句型中。如:
It is three years since I worked there.(work为延续性动词)我不在那里工作已有三了。
in terms of:据依照…;在…方面;就…而论言=with regard to / according to / in the light offrom the point of/ in the matter of
按…来说
Staying up late makes him at his worst in terms of physical situation. 熬夜使得体力状况处于低谷。
In terms of money they're quite richbut not in terms of happiness. 就钱而论,他们很富有,但幸福则不然。
与term有关固定搭配:
in the long/medium/short term就长远/中期/短期而言从长远(眼前)来看come to terms 和解;妥协让步屈从
come to terms with sth.甘心忍受
be on good/bad terms with sb.与…交情好/不好 on one’s terms依据某人的条件on the other hand:另一方面反过来说固定搭配: on the) one hand..., on the other(hand) 一方面…,另一方面…;一方面…,但是…
说明同一事的两个方面。引出相互矛盾的观点、意见等。
I want to go to the party,but on the other hand I ought to be studying.
我想去参加聚会,但从另一方面来说,我应该留下来学习。
相at hand 在手边,在附近;即将到来,即将发生
at first hand 第一手地,直接地
at second hand 第二手的;间接的;旧的;用过的
on every hand 四面八方,四周
at any hand=in any hand 在任何情况下;无论如何
little by little:逐渐渐渐地;慢慢地;一点点地gradually
导学P11-5
Little by little, over the months, we began to get to know him.
经过数月的时间,我们逐渐开始了解他了。
类似短语:step by step一步步地;逐渐地 one by one逐一;一个一个地
side by side肩并肩地;并排地 bit by bit一点点地 day by day一天天地
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