2016届高考英语考前名师热点预测：14 阅读理解

　　名师预测

　　A

　　Hi, I'm Michael J. Lindell, Inventor, Manufacturer, and President of My Pillow Corporation. Years ago, like you, I found myself extremely frustrated with my pillow going flat. Most pillows are designed to break down. I would wake up in the morning with a sore arm, my neck would hurt, my fingers would be numb, and I would toss and turn all night not knowing why. I tried many different pillows on the market and none of them worked. So, I started to research pillows and

　　study sleep disorders. I was determined to create the world's healthiest, most comfortable, and

　　strongest pillow. My Pillow uses our unique, patented medical fill that stays cool, corresponds to

　　your exact individual needs regardless of sleep position, and stays healthy for your full 10­year

　　guarantee. It is non­allergic, and you can wash and dry it as easily as your favorite jeans.

　　My Pillow is not available in stores. I have spent the last seven years selling My Pillow

　　face­to­face at fairs, expos and events.

　　Hundreds of experts and medical doctors carry and

　　recommend them for their patients. I have been featured on medical talk shows that air around

　　the world. I have sold hundreds of thousands of pillows and have received great gratitude from

　　satisfied customers regarding how My Pillow has changed their lives and provided a more

　　comfortable, restful sleep.

　　And, My Pillow comes in different sizes and is fit for your size and sleeping pattern. So you

　　can be assured that you will have the most comfortable pillow for you.

　　I truly believe it is the best pillow in the world and that if everyone had one and got better

　　sleep, the world would be a much nicer place.

　　文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。作者介绍了自己研发的枕头My Pillow。这种枕头使用独特的获得专利的药品当作填充物，能够保持凉爽，该枕头有各种尺寸，适合各种睡姿，另外，也可以随便拆洗烘干。My Pillow有着很好的销路，同时也获得了购买者的一致好评。

　　1．What makes My Pillow unique?

　　A．It is easily washed and dried.

　　B．It suits your sleeping position.

　　C．It contains special cooling medicine.

　　D．It helps you stay healthy for 10 years.

　　2．Where can people probably buy My Pillow?

　　A．At fairs.

　　B．In stores.

　　C．In markets.

　　D．On the Internet.

　　3．What is the author's purpose in writing this article?

　　A．To introduce a comfortable pillow.

　　B．To encourage people to buy My Pillow.

　　C．To give some advice on sleeping problems.

　　D．To tell us how to select a comfortable pillow.

　　B

　　I began writing poems fifteen years ago while I was in college. One day I was in the library, working on a term paper, when I came across a book of contemporary poetry. I don't remember the title of the book or any of the titles of the poems except one：“Frankenstein's Daughter.” The poem was wild, almost rude, and nothing like the rhyme­and­meter poetry I had read in high school. I had always thought that poetry was flowery writing about sunsets and walks on the beach, but that library book contained direct and sometimes shocking poetry about dogs, junked cars, rundown houses, and TVs. I checked the book out, curious to read more.

　　Soon afterward, I started filling a notebook with my own poems.

　　At first I was scared, partly because my poetry teacher, to whom this book is written for, was a serious and strict man who could see the errors in my poems. Also, I realized the seriousness of my devotion. I gave up geography to study poetry, which a good many friends said offered no future. I ignored them because I liked working with words, using them to reconstruct the past, which has always been a source of poetry for me.

　　When I first studied poetry, I was single­minded. I woke to poetry and went to bed with poetry. I memorized poems, read English poets because I was told they would help shape my poems, and read classical Chinese poetry because I was told that it would add clarity to my work. But I was most taken by the Spanish and Latin American poets, particularly Pablo Neruda. My favorites of his were the odes—long,

　　short­lined poems celebrating common things like tomatoes, socks and scissors. I felt joyful when I read these odes, and when I began to write my own poems, I tried to remain faithful to the common things of my childhood—dogs, alleys (小巷), my baseball mitt (手套) and the fruit

　　of the valley, especially the orange. I wanted to give these things life, to write so well that my poems would express their beauty.

　　I also admired our own country's poetry. I saw that our poets often wrote about places where they grew up or places that impressed them deeply. James Wright wrote about Ohio and West Virginia, Philip Levine about Detroit, Gary Snyder about the Sierra Nevadas and about Japan, where for years he studied Zen Buddhism (禅宗佛教). I decided to write about the San Joaquin Valley, where my hometown, Fresno, is located.

　　Some of my poems are absolute observations and images of nature—the orange yards, the Kings River, the Sequoias (红杉). I fell in love with the valley, both its ugliness and its beauty, and quietly wrote poems about it to share with others.

　　文章大意：这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者写诗的经历。

　　4．What does the passage mainly talk about?

　　A．The author's experiences with poetry.

　　B．The author's method of writing poetry.

　　C．The author's appreciation of poetry.

　　D．The author's interest in studying poetry.

　　5．From the first paragraph, we can learn that ________.

　　A．“Frankenstein's Daughter” was a flowery poetry

　　B．the author was able to memorize most poems he read

　　C．the author began to get in contact with poetry of different styles

　　D．the author was curious to read more of rhyme­and­meter poetry

　　答案：C　细节理解题。根据文章第一段倒数第二句中的“that library book contained direct and sometimes shocking poetry about...”可知，作者开始接触到不同类型的诗歌。C项与文章内容相符。故答案选C。

　　6．Which of the following would the author most probably write about in his poem?

　　A．Moving love stories in history.

　　B．Observations of classical poems.

　　C．True feelings of human friendship.

　　D．Appreciation of wild valley flowers.

　　7．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

　　A．The author's friends all encouraged him to give up geography to poetry.

　　B．The author became devoted to poetry because of his teacher's strictness.

　　C．The author loved to find sources of poetry from nature and from the past.

　　D．Spanish and Latin American poems influenced the author as much as Chinese ones.

　　C

　　Eco City Farms are becoming more popular in cities and towns around the United States.

　　Eco City Farms in Edmonston, Maryland, is located near shopping centers, car repair shops and homes. The neighborhood is a working­class community. People do not have very much money, and they have limited access to fresh food in markets.

　　Over the past two years, the farm has attracted volunteers from the community like Marcy Clark. She schools her four children at home. On a recent day she brought them to Eco City Farms for a lesson. Her son Alston Clark thinks his experience is very valuable. “I like coming out here，” he says, “You know, you connect with the earth, where your food comes from. You appreciate the food a little bit more.”

　　Margaret Morgan started Eco City Farms. She thinks of it as a place where people can learn to live healthier lives. “Growing food in a community brings people together，” she continues,

　　“Every piece of what we do here is a demonstration to show people everything about how to have

　　an eco­friendly community.” she says. From the Eco City Farms people come to know that they

　　are not only growing food and raising chickens and bees, but improving the soil with compost (肥料) made from food waste.

　　Eco City Farms is an experimental operation. The farm gets its power not from the local

　　electricity networks, but from the sun with solar panels. In winter, the green houses use a

　　geothermal (地热) system.

　　Vegetables can be grown all year. So once a week, all winter long, neighbors like Chris Moss and her three children bike to the farm to pick up a share of the harvest.

　　“I like eating the vegetables，” says five­year­old Owen Moss.

　　文章大意：本文是一篇报道。文章介绍了美国各地日益流行的生态城市农场(Eco City Farms)。它不但可以带动生态社区，引领人们过上绿色健康的生活，更成为人们了解地球、了解食物的好去处。

　　8．What is mainly talked about in the passage?

　　A．Eco City Farms save a lot of energy.

　　B．Eco City Farms are gaining popularity.

　　C．Eco City Farms are influencing community life.

　　D．Eco City Farms helps the working­class live better.

　　9．According to the passage, Eco City Farms are close to the following places EXCEPT ________.

　　A．shopping centers

　　B．car repair shops

　　C．fast­food restaurants

　　D．working­class community

　　10．What is the author's attitude toward Eco City Farms?

　　A．Enthusiastic.

　　B．Disappointed.

　　C．Surprised.

　　D．Doubtful.

　　答案：A　观点态度题。根据第三、四段所使用的语言“the farm has attracted volunteers... I like coming out here...”“brings people together... From the Eco City Farms people come to know...”可知，作者对生态城市农场持积极乐观态度，对其很感兴趣。C项文中并未提到，B、D两项不符合文义。故答案选A。

　　11．In which column of a newspaper can you most probably read this article?

　　A．People.

　　B．Travel.

　　C．Environment.

　　D．Education.

　　D

　　BEIJING—China's Beijing and Shanghai cities and Guangdong Province on Sunday published plans to gradually allow migrant workers'(外来务工人员) children to enter senior high schools and sit college entrance exams locally.

　　They are the latest in a total of 13 provinces and municipalities(市) to formulate plans to ensure that rural children who have followed their parents to cities can enjoy the same rights as their urban peers in education.

　　Beijing will allow migrant workers' children to attend local vocational schools in 2016 and allow them to be matriculated by universities after graduating from the vocational programs in 2016, said a statement from the city's commission of education.

　　Shanghai took a step further, saying it will allow migrant children in the city to enter local senior high schools, vocational schools and sit college entrance exams (commonly known as gaokao) locally starting in 2016.

　　Guangdong has asked its cities to start recruiting(招收)migrant workers' children in local senior high schools in 2016. The province will allow these children to sit gaokao and compete with local residents on an equal feeting in college entrance starting in 2016, Luo said the restrictions would be relaxed gradually and “step by step” as the province must solve the conflict between its gigantic migrant population and a scarcity of education resources.

　　Migrant workers, whose children could be benefited by the new plans of the three regions, must have residential permits, stable jobs and incomes, and meet other local requirements, according to the plans.

　　China's hukou, or household registration system, used to confine children to attending schools in their home provinces. A 2003 regulation amended this by allowing migrant workers' children to receive the nine­year compulsory education in cities where their parents work.

　　Official figures show that China has more than 250 million farmers­turned­workers living in cities. An estimated 20 million children have migrated with their parents to the cities.

　　文章大意：在北京、上海和广东的务工子女，能够就地入学或高考了。

　　12．What's the best title of this passage?

　　A.China's educational reform on the way

　　B.Migrants' dreams come true

　　C.Reform plans published for migrant children's education

　　D.Migrants ask for equal rights in education

　　13．Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?

　　A.Beijing，Shanghai and Guangdong took the lead in making plans for migrant children's education.

　　B.There are altogether 13 provinces

　　and

　　municipalities that have made plans for migrant children's education.

　　C.Beijing will allow migrant workers' children to enter

　　the local school in 2016.

　　D.Migrant workers' children began to receive senior high school education in cities where their parents work in 2003.

　　14．Which of the following words can the underlined word“confine” be replaced by?

　　A.limit

　　B．prevent

　　C．protect

　　D．resist

　　15．Which of the following statements can be inferred according to the passage?

　　A.Guangdong will allow migrant workers' children to sit gaokao locally in 2016.

　　B.China's hukou is now no longer important and should be cancelled.

　　C.The Chinese government should continue deepening the educational reform.

　　D.It is likely that not all migrant workers' children can enter senior high schools or sit gaokao in Beijing, Shanghai and Guangdong with the new plans polished.

　　E

　　Expensive perfumes (香水) come in tiny bottles, but many hide a whale­sized secret.

　　To perfect a particular smell, perfume­makers often use an ingredient that comes from

　　sperm whales, called ambergris.

　　But using ambergris, which helps a perfume last longer, is

　　strongly opposed by many people who think it is wrong to kill whales just so we can smell sweet.

　　Joerg Bohlmann is neither a perfumer nor a whale expert. He's a plant biologist at the University

　　of British Columbia in Canada. But his discovery of a new plant gene (基因) might push whales

　　out of the perfume business.

　　The gene comes from fir trees, found throughout North America and commonly used as

　　Christmas trees.

　　The trees produce a chemical that can be used in perfume in place of

　　ambergris—but with_a_catch.

　　“There's a problem that many people wouldn't consider. In the tree, the chemical is mixed

　　with many others. That makes separation a challenge，” Bohlmann says. “It's like trying to isolate

　　sugar from a biscuit.”

　　This is where science becomes useful. When Bohlmann learned that fir trees produce the

　　ambergris­like chemical, he decided to use his gene know­how to find the instructions for how to

　　make the ambergris­substitute.

　　Bohlmann found that gene and took it out of the tree cells. Then he did something that might

　　sound strange to someone who doesn't work in genetics: Bohlmann put the gene from the tree

　　into yeast (酵母) cells.

　　Yeast may sound familiar because it's used to make things like bread, wine and beer.

　　Biologists like to work with yeast because it easily adopts new genes and changes its features and

　　behaviour. When Bohlmann put the fir tree gene into the yeast, the yeast started making the

　　same chemical that had been produced by the tree.

　　Perfumers pay big money for ambergris because it is a fixative, which means it holds a smell

　　in place on a person's body.

　　“Cheap perfumes smell good in the first hour or so and then everything is gone，” explains

　　Bohlmann. “But expensive perfumes are much more stable. Their smell lasts much longer, for

　　hours or even a day after you apply them.”

　　The new chemical, made from the tree genes, can be used as a fixative, too. And using

　　yeast to make it is far cheaper than acquiring ambergris.

　　Bohlmann admits he never thought he'd get into the perfume business. But now, he says,

　　producers have been calling to find out how to use his technology in new perfumes.

　　文章大意：本文是一篇科普说明文。介绍了一种使香水香味持久的物质——龙涎香，因这一物质来自于鲸，所以遭到人们的反对。科学家们发现一些树中的化学物质可以用来取代它，他们利用酵母菌成功制造出了这些化学物质。

　　16．It can be inferred from the passage that if a perfume contains ambergris, ________.

　　A．its user probably supports whale hunting

　　B．its smell will last for about an hour

　　C．there will be a whale symbol on the bottle

　　D．it is probably very expensive

　　17．The underlined expression “with a catch” in Paragraph 3 means ________.

　　A．being difficult to hold

　　B．having a hidden problem

　　C．needing further testing

　　D．being too similar

　　18．According to the passage, why are yeast cells often used in genetic research?

　　A．They can take on the characteristics of other genes.

　　B．They can reproduce much faster than other cells.

　　C．They share some of the qualities of plant genes.

　　D．They're much cheaper to use than ambergris.

　　答案：A　细节理解题。根据第七段第二句中“it easily adopts new genes and changes its features and behaviour.”可知，由于酵母菌容易吸收其他基因，并将目的基因成功表达出来，故常被用于基因工程研究中，故A项正确。

　　19．What can we learn about Joerg Bohlmann from the passage?

　　A．He is opposed to whale hunting.

　　B．He made his discovery during Christmas.

　　C．He has worked in the perfume industry for many years.

　　D．He has previously done genetic research.

　　20．What is the best title for the passage?

　　A．The Christmas tree's secret.

　　B．The sweet smell of success.

　　C．Whale­free perfume.

　　D．Save the whale.

　　二、

　　A

　　I was driving home the other day on a sunny afternoon. I had a smile on my face as I sang along to the songs on the radio. It was such a beautiful day that I felt full of happiness. My good mood ended, however, when the radio station took a news break between songs. Then suddenly I found myself listening to yet another story of a rich famous man who had broken the law. I shook my head as I came to a red traffic light.

　　As I pulled to a stop I noticed four leather­jacketed bikers. They were standing in the middle of the road with two on either side of the light. They looked rough and dangerous, but as I got closer I noticed each one was holding their helmet in their hands. I rolled down my window as one approached my car. “We are the Brother of the Wheel，” he said. “We are collecting money for Christmas Toy Drive for needy children.” As I pulled a dollar out of my wallet I looked past his beard and into his eyes. They shined with goodness and kindness that came right from his soul. I dropped the money in his helmet and waved to the other bikers as I drove off. My good mood had returned. My faith in mankind had been bolstered. And I remembered once again never to judge people by their appearance.

　　Our society often judges books by their covers but God reads what is written in our hearts and souls. Perhaps one day we will all learn to see the world through the same eyes. Perhaps one day we will realize that looks matter little and actions matter much.

　　文章大意：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了作者在等红灯时见到了四位穿着皮夹克、骑自行车的年轻人，他们看起来粗鲁而危险，然而他们正在为贫困儿童募捐，他们的目光充满善良和友好。此事让作者意识到，不能以貌取人，而应看他人的行动。

　　1．The writer's good mood ended when

　　________.

　　A．he heard news between songs

　　B．he had to stop at a red traffic light

　　C．he heard a rich man broke the law

　　D．he saw four leather­jacketed bikers

　　2．What were the four bikers doing at the traffic lights?

　　A．Having a bicycle race in the street.

　　B．Selling helmets to the passers­by.

　　C．Raising money to help kids in need.

　　D．Preparing for Christmas holidays.

　　3．What does “bolstered” in the second paragraph probably mean?

　　A．Destroyed.

　　B．Improved.

　　C．Decreased.

　　D．Exploded.

　　答案：B　词义猜测题。根据第二段画线词的上下文内容可知，作者起初对这四个人印象不好，因为他们看起来很粗鲁，并且很危险。但在得知他们真正的目的后，作者的看法改变了。作者对人性的认识得到了提升，明白了“不能以貌取人”的道理。因此bolster应与improve意思相近。故答案选B。

　　4．The writer wants to tell us that we should ________.

　　A．have faith in young people

　　B．judge others by their actions

　　C．change our attitude to society

　　D．manage to help others in need

　　B

　　In the winter months the temperature in most of Canada usually stays below 0℃. However, in some parts of Canada, such as southern British Columbia, the temperature rarely goes below 0℃. In most areas where people live, snow will be on the ground from mid­December to mid­March. Though Canada's winter may be much colder and longer than you are used to, it can be very enjoyable. For many Canadians, being active in winter is an important part of enjoying life. There are many outdoor winter activities, including skiing, ice fishing, walking, and skating. Joining in one of these activities may help you appreciate winter and enjoy your time outside in the snow.

　　Dressing for winter

　　During winter in Canada, you will need warm clothing. If possible, arrive with these items or be prepared to buy them soon after your arrival. You will need：

　　☆warm waterproof boots

　　☆a scarf for your neck

　　☆a hat that covers your ears

　　☆gloves for your hands

　　☆thick winter coats, pants and sweaters

　　Layers keep you warm

　　It's a good idea to layer your clothing by, for example, wearing a T­shirt and a sweater underneath a jacket. If you become too hot, it's always easier to remove a piece of clothing than to add another. On the West Coast, prepare to dress for cool rainy or snowy weather. You will need：

　　☆a warm waterproof coat

　　☆waterproof hats

　　☆an umbrella

　　☆rain boots or snow boots

　　Learn more about weather and seasons across Canada. You can also contact Related Links, for example, an immigrant­serving organization in the community where you live for more information about dressing for winter.

　　文章大意：本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了冬季去加拿大旅行可以参加的活动，以及游客在穿戴方面应注意的事项。

　　5．What is the main purpose of the first paragraph?

　　A．To tell about the details about Canada.

　　B．To show many outdoor winter activities.

　　C．To introduce the daily life of Canadians.

　　D．To encourage you to enjoy winter in Canada.

　　6．What is the important part for many Canadians in winter?

　　A．Ice fishing.

　　B．Joining a group.

　　C．Leading an active life.

　　D．Staying in the snow.

　　7．If you spend a winter in Canada, you'll prepare the following EXCEPT ________.

　　A．an umbrella and sunglasses

　　B．thick winter coats and pants

　　C．waterproof hats and coats

　　D．snow boots and gloves

　　答案：A　细节理解题。根据Dressing for winter和Layers keep you warm中“☆”部分的内容可知，A项中的“太阳镜”不是需要准备的户外装备。故答案选A。

　　8．The author suggests layering your clothing probably because ________.

　　A．it is cool to dress like that

　　B．it is a rule to dress like that

　　C．the weather there is changeable

　　D．the weather is usually very hot

　　C

　　The early lack of exposure to science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) can be harmful to achieving gender (性别) balance in these fields. It begins when we are young and continues throughout our time in high school.

　　While at home, girls generally don't get to experience the level of exposure or encouragement in STEM fields that their male counterparts do. It is often subtle, but it's the first hurdle that faces and confuses so many women.

　　Boys, on the other hand, get on their path, and are encouraged to do so, generally earlier than girls. For example, boys are more often given science sets as toys, which spark an interest in these subjects.

　　In school, boys are often pushed to take the more challenging math and science classes. So if we want to attract the best and brightest minds into the fields that will advance us as a people, a country, and a planet, we can no longer look to only half of the population. Young girls cannot possibly consider opportunities they do not know exist. If girls are not exposed to certain subject and career paths, they are highly unlikely to choose to follow them in college.

　　Our bias (偏见) toward girls, either from families or from schools, is so rooted in our culture that we often don't even recognize it. Although the situation has changed greatly in the past 20 or 30 years, there is still a sense, that girls aren't as good at math, for instance, even though there is almost no evidence to support such a belief.

　　It is important that as a society we deal with gender stereotypes long before young people are faced with a decision to declare or choose a major in college. Without making efforts to break them, we are limiting the potentials of our youth, both male and female. Providing the necessary resources, exposure, and encouragement would help young women understand that their gender shouldn't determine the career path they choose, and that pursuing a STEM career does not make them less feminine.

　　文章大意：本文是一篇议论文。由于受传统偏见的影响，女孩最终进入STEM(科学、技术、工程、数学)领域的人数不多，直接导致了这些领域中男女比例失衡。作者呼吁，让更多的女性参与到STEM领域中去。

　　9．According to the passage, not many girls grow to enter STEM fields because ________.

　　A．girls are not as good at STEM as boys

　　B．girls do not like to take science classes

　　C．girls get fewer chances to know about STEM

　　D．girls seldom survive the high pressure positions

　　10．The underlined word “it” in Para. 4 refers to ________.

　　A．our bias

　　B．our culture

　　C．the situation

　　D．a sense

　　11．The main purpose of the passage is to ________.

　　A．show women's potentials in STEM fields

　　B．praise women's contributions to STEM fields

　　C．describe the present gender bias in STEM fields

　　D．call for more involvement of women in STEM fields

　　12．Which of the following shows the structure of the passage?

　　CP：Central Point　P：Point　Sp：Sub­point (次要点)

　　C：Conclusion

　　D

　　“I like your smile, but unlike you put your shoes on my face”. A charming way of saying “Keep off the grass”. But could you figure it out? Or this: “Wash Clothing Store” for laundry.

　　They are both typical Chinglish, a combination of English vocabulary and Chinese grammar. Expressions such as “people mountain people sea”， means extremely crowded, and “give you some color to see”， meaning a punishment, are widely known and recognized.

　　Chinglish has been attracting global attention in recent years as China grows rapidly in stature on the world stage, attracting both fans and detractors.

　　The Beijing Speaks Foreign Languages Programme and English First China Company, a language trainer known as EF Education, jointly launched a campaign to root out poor grammar and misused vocabulary in downtown Beijing. They argue Chinglish is an embarrassment that we

　　should let it die out at all costs.

　　“It is meaningful, to allow the capital show its most beautiful historical and cultural heritage

　　to the world.” Michael Lu, vice­president of EF Education said, “since the launching of the campaign, foreign teachers and students had been very keen to volunteer participation.” He

　　believed signs were very important in public services. “The signs in some old buildings confused

　　foreign visitors.”

　　Chinglish, although the target of much criticism, has also won supporters who regard it as an interesting way for foreigners to learn how Chinese people think and express themselves.

　　“Many Chinglish logos carry Chinese elements and they will enrich the English language，” 32­year­old Oliver Radtke said. He had even published a book “Chinglish: Found in Translation，” on the subject. About 50 000 copies of the book have been sold since it was published in 2007.

　　Some Chinese university experts also side with Chinglish. “English has absorbed elements from other languages such as French and Spanish in its growth, and the emergence of Chinglish again testifies to the language's vitality and inclusiveness，” said Shi Anbin, an associate professor of Tsinghua University.

　　文章大意：本文是一篇议论文。文章介绍了中国式英语在中国的发展及应用，并列举了人们对其不同的看法和理解。

　　13．How did Chinglish come into being?

　　A．Chinese people misunderstood the meaning of the new words.

　　B．Chinese people combined English vocabulary with Chinese grammar.

　　C．Chinese people based their English on the native English speakers.

　　D．Chinese people make wide use of English vocabulary with bad spelling.

　　14．What Shi Anbin said means ________.

　　A．there are many French and Spanish words in English

　　B．English is the language with vitality and inclusiveness

　　C．Chinglish enriches English and shouldn't be got rid of

　　D．Chinglish has greater effect on English than French and Spanish

　　答案：C　推理判断题。根据文章最后一段可知，Shi Anbin支持中国式英语。由“English has absorbed elements from other languages such as French and Spanish in its growth, and the emergence of Chinglish again testifies to the language's vitality and inclusiveness”可推知，Shi Anbin认为中国式英语的存在证明了英语是一种包容性很强的语言，中国式英语能像法语和西班牙语一样使英语变得丰富。故答案选C。

　　15．According to Oliver Radtke, Chinglish ________.

　　A．shows how Chinese people think

　　B．does damage to the English language

　　C．shows the great humor of Chinese people

　　D．should be sold to all over the world

　　E

　　Since the beginning of the year, smog has covered parts of North China. In January, Beijing saw only five days without smog. The rising PM2.5 readings terrified many people, and some health experts said that whenever the smog gets serious, hospitals receive more patients suffering acute respiratory (呼吸系统) and heart diseases.

　　Later, news of polluted underground water in some provinces scared people who wondered whether the water they drink is safe.

　　So the need to emphasize environmental protection while developing the economy is heard everywhere.

　　Smog is especially a common concern. As a popular online post said, air may be the only thing that is equal for everyone, despite your income or profession. People with higher incomes are able to drink only bottled spring water and eat only organic food by paying higher prices, but they breathe the same air as everyone else.

　　At a meeting on Monday, many representatives have expressed their concerns about the air quality, too. One talked about his experience in Beijing. “After taking a taxi from the capital airport to my hotel, which took about an hour, I washed my nose and found the inside of my nose was black. We should ask ourselves this question: Why do we want to develop? It's for living a better life. Dirty air is definitely not a better life，” he said.

　　China needs to develop its economy and invest (投资) in high­tech. Every Chinese has a dream to make China stronger.

　　But without blue sky,

　　clean water and safe food,

　　the achievements in the economy will become meaningless. Space technologies are not to be developed for building a base on Mars so that one day all human beings can move to the red planet because they have destroyed Earth.

　　What the public wants is a strong and beautiful China. The great efforts must be made to promote ecological progress and build a beautiful China.

　　The words have shown the central government's determination to address the environment issue.

　　文章大意：本文是一篇议论文。今年北京的雾霾天气引起了许多人对环保重要性的重视，我们不能只关注经济而忽视了我们赖以生存的环境，因为发展是为了生活得更好。

　　16．The effect of smog doesn't include ________.

　　A．the rising of PM2. 5 readings

　　B．more people suffering diseases

　　C．the increase of people's income

　　D．patients increased in hospital

　　17．Why has smog become a common concern?

　　A．Because people have to pay higher prices.

　　B．Because nobody can avoid it.

　　C．Because we have to develop industry.

　　D．Because a popular online­post discussed it.

　　18．To make China stronger we have to develop economy, but ________.

　　A．we have to sacrifice air as the price

　　B．the dirty air is not what we want

　　C．ecological progress can be ignored

　　D．the smog is the only byproduct

　　19．The underlined word “they” in Paragraph 6 refers to ______.

　　A．human beings

　　B．other planets

　　C．space technologies

　　D．industrial development

　　答案：A　指代判断题。they是代词，用来代替前面出现的复数名词。根据句意可知，此处they代替上文中的human beings。故答案选A。

　　20．From the last two paragraphs we can infer that ________.

　　A．high­tech can completely solve the problem of pollution

　　B．space technologies should be developed in a large scale

　　C．we can move to Mars after the earth has been destroyed

　　D．we must protect the environment while developing economy

　　三

　　A

　　Handball is a hugely popular sport in Europe and Asia, and it is one of the fastest and

　　most exciting sports in the world. It combines basketball and soccer with the attracting saves of water polo.

　　Handball is played on an indoor court ( the size of two basketball courts ) and there are goals at each end. There are twelve players on each team, two goal keepers and ten field players, but there is a maximum of one goalkeeper and six field players from each team allowed on the court at any one time. The_idea_is_simple:_score more goals than the other team.

　　The ball is made of leather or a synthetic material and it must be round. The surface must not be shiny or slippery. The size and weight of the ball varies for male and female teams, and adult and junior team.

　　Handball has the same free­ranging play as basketball, with all players except the goalkeeper constantly moving from attack to defence. The goalkeeper uses hands, feet, head and body to keep out the other team's shots. The origins of handball are unclear. Many people believe that it developed as a training game for soccer, to be played in the off season, or when it was snowing. Now, in countries where handball is popular, players can earn large sums of money, and indoor stadiums seating over ten thousand people sell out regularly. Handball has been played at the Olympics since 1972.

　　1．The passage states that handball was most probably developed

　　________.

　　A．as a replacement for basketball

　　B．by supporters of water polo

　　C．as a training game

　　D．for the 1972 Olympics

　　2．The statement, “The idea is simple”， emphasizes that in handball the

　　________.

　　A．game has only one purpose

　　B．court is clearly marked

　　C．players can change positions

　　D．goalkeeper is the last defense

　　3．It is clear that the writer believes the sport of handball

　　______.

　　A．is more popular for men than for women

　　B．is great fun for the audience

　　C．requires an unusually shaped ball

　　D．should only be played in winter

　　4．In which order does the information appear in the passage?

　　a.type of ball

　　b．court size

　　c．beginning of the sport

　　d．team members

　　A.c－a－b－d

　　B．b－a－d－c

　　C．c－d－a－b

　　D．b－d－a－c

　　答案：D　篇章结构题。由文章层次可推知。

　　B

　　Global Positioning Systems are now a part of everyday driving in many countries. These

　　satellite­based systems provide turn­by­turn directions to help people get to where they want to

　　go. But they can also cause a lot of problems, sending you to the wrong place or leave you

　　completely lost. Many times, the driver is to blame. Sometimes a GPS error is responsible. Most

　　often, says Barry Brown, it is a combination of the two.

　　Barry Brown is with the Mobile Life Centre in Stockholm, Sweden. The center studies

　　human­computer interaction, or HCI, especially communications involving wireless devices. We

　　spoke to Mr Brown by Skype. He told us about an incident involving a friend who had flown to

　　an airport in the eastern United States. There he borrowed a GPS­equipped car to use during his

　　stay.

　　Barry Brown：“And they just plugged in an address and then set off to their destination.”

　　And, then it wasn't until they were driving for thirty minutes that they realized they had put in a

　　destination back on the West Coast where they lived. They actually put their home address in. So

　　again, the_GPS_is_kind_of_“garbage_in_garbage_out”．

　　Mr Brown says this is a common human error. But, he says, what makes the problem worse

　　has to do with some of the shortcomings, or failures, of GPS equipment.

　　Barry Brown：“One problem with many GPS units is they have a very small screen and they

　　just tell you the next turn. Because they just give you the next turn, sometimes that means that it

　　is not really giving you the overview that you would need to know that it's going to the wrong

　　place.”

　　Barry Brown formerly served as a professor with the University of California, San Diego.

　　While there, he worked on a project with Eric Laurier from the University of Edinburgh. The

　　two men studied the effects of GPS devices on driving by placing cameras in people's cars. They

　　wrote a paper based on their research. It is called “The Normal, Natural Troubles of Driving

　　with GPS.”

　　Barry Brown: “One of the things that struck us, perhaps the most important thing was that you have to know what you're doing when you use a GPS. There are these new skills that people have developed. There are these new competencies that you need to have to be able to use a GPS because they sometimes go wrong.”

　　Barry Brown says this goes against a common belief that GPS systems are for passive drivers who lack navigational (导航) skills.

　　“The Normal, Natural Troubles of Driving with GPS” lists several areas where GPS systems can cause confusion for drivers. These include maps that are outdated, incorrect or difficult to understand. They also include timing issues related to when GPS commands are given.

　　Barry Brown says to make GPS systems better we need a better understanding of how drivers, passengers and GPS systems work together.

　　文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。GPS全球定位系统可以帮助人们找到想去的地方，但GPS也会带来许多问题，所以使用GPS全球定位系统是否可靠变得不确定。

　　5．What is the best title for this passage?

　　A．Is GPS system reliable to use?

　　B．What is the use of GPS?

　　C．How to make the most of GPS?

　　D．Blame! GPS or Passengers?

　　6．What is the implication of the underlined part?

　　A．GPS is just a garbage device.

　　B．GPS will not correct human errors.

　　C．GPS adjusts your wrong destination.

　　D．GPS is just as smart as human beings.

　　7．Which is NOT mentioned as a GPS shortcoming in the passage?

　　A．Small screen.

　　B．Timing of commands.

　　C．Outdated maps.

　　D．Dear cameras GPS uses.

　　8．According to the passage, people commonly believe that ________.

　　A．you have to know where to go when using GPS

　　B．you need to have new competencies to use GPS well

　　C．GPS is proper for drivers with little sense of direction

　　D．GPS is fit for people having good understanding of maps

　　答案：C　推理判断题。通读全文可知，人们普遍认为，GPS全球定位系统适合方向感差的人。C项符合文义，故答案选C。

　　C

　　UGG boots have been a winter­weather fashion for several years now, combining function, comfort, warmth and even some style. What many UGG­enthusiasts don't know is that their boots are a breeding ground for bacteria and cause foot problems.

　　Doctors believe the boots, which are particularly popular among young teenage girls, are leading to a rise in the number of people suffering pains in their feet and knees.

　　Dr. Ian Drysdale, head of the British College of Osteopathic Medicine, believes because the foot does not get the proper support on the inside, it will lead to more ankle, knee, hip and back problems. “These boots are not designed for outside wear. Just because something becomes a trend or fashionable doesn't mean it's good or right，” he said. “The particular problem with this type of footwear is that it is unsupported. It's a slipper. You wouldn't normally expect to be doing outdoor activities from something that's indoor. If you decide to wear your pajamas outside all the time, someone will come up and say it's not a good idea.” Dr. Drysdale explained that the feet issues become a particular problem among young teenage girls, whose bones are “plastic” and developing when they are growing. “If that structure is developing in an inappropriate way，” he said，“then the ultimate structure will be deformed.”

　　Mike O'Neill, a consultant surgeon, said，“As the foot slides around, you get wear and tear

　　(磨损) on the joints on the inside of the foot. The ankle is in the wrong position, the thigh bone also changes position, and you get an abnormal movement in the pelvis, which leads to back problems.”

　　UGG Australia, who makes the designer version of the boots, told The Daily Wirror that their boots are “comfort” rather than “performance” footwear and consumers should be aware of “knockoffs (仿制品)” which lack reinforced heels in their boots.

　　文章大意：本文是一篇议论文。文章介绍了雪地靴因它的时尚、舒适、保暖等特性而备受年轻女孩的青睐。但研究人员发现，在它时尚的外观背后，隐藏着一些不为人知的健康隐患。

　　9．Teenage girls prefer to wear UGG boots because of the following EXCEPT ________.

　　A．design

　　B．comfort

　　C．quality

　　D．warmth

　　10．According to Dr. Ian Drysdale, ________.

　　A．there is a possibility that bacteria will multiply in UGG boots

　　B．wearing UGG boots will lead to more ankle and toe problems

　　C．it's not a good idea to wear boots like UGG outside all the time

　　D．teenage girls' bones are plastic enough to wear UGG boots

　　11．The underlined word “deformed” is closest in meaning to ________.

　　A．shaped

　　B．strengthened

　　C．reformed

　　D．damaged

　　12．Which of the following can be the best title for the text?

　　A．Potential Harm of UGG Boots

　　B．The Popularity of UGG Boots

　　C．The Unique Design of UGG Boots

　　D．Benefits of UGG Boots

　　D

　　Deception (骗术) is something that people do all the time, and it plays an important role in

　　military (军事的) strategy. Now some researchers are trying to figure out how to get robots to do

　　it, by looking at the behavior of squirrels and birds.

　　At Georgia Tech, a team led by Ronald Arkin, a professor at the School of Interactive Computing, studied the literature on squirrels hiding their acorns (橡果). Squirrels will hide their food in a certain place, but when they see other squirrels trying to steal from them, they attempt to fool the thieves by running to a false location.

　　Ronald Arkin and his Ph. D. student Jaeeun Shim used that as a model for robot behavior. They programmed the robot into tricking a “predator (捕食者)” machine by doing what a squirrel does: showing the enemy a false location for an important resource.

　　The team also looked at how other animals—in this case, a species of bird called Arabian babbler—drive off predators. A babbler will make an alarm call when they see a predator and other babblers will join the bird and make more calls. They then surround the predator, all the while flapping (拍打) wings and making noises. The babblers don't ever actually fight the animal they want to drive off; they just make enough noises and flaps around enough so that it seems that attacking a babbler isn't worth it.

　　They found that the deception works when the group reaches a certain size—essentially, when enough birds arrive to convince the enemy that it's best to back off. Davis modeled that behavior in software using a military scene and found that it worked even if the group didn't have the firepower to confront the enemy directly.

　　The military is interested in this because a robot that can fool an opponent is a valuable tool. It could lead an enemy down a false trail or make itself look more dangerous than it actually is.

　　文章大意：本文是一篇议论文。文章主要介绍了骗术在军事策略中起着重要的作用，一些研究人员正在通过研究松鼠和鸟类的活动，希望机器人能模仿这些行为，以便能有效地应用于军事中。

　　13．Why does the military want to take advantage of squirrels' trick?

　　A．It can reduce the use of firepower to confront the enemy.

　　B．It can fool the enemy into believing it is more dangerous.

　　C．It can lead the enemy in a wrong direction to avoid losing resources.

　　D．It can scare the enemy away who wants to destroy the acorns.

　　14．Which of the following is NOT the way Arabian babblers drive off predators?

　　A．One bird makes an alarm call and other birds will join it.

　　B．They fight the enemy bravely face to face.

　　C．They make noises and flaps around the predator.

　　D．They force the predator aware that it isn't worthwhile to attack.

　　15．What is the main idea of the passage?

　　A．Animals' behaviors are researched to be applied to the study of military robots.

　　B．Robots' fooling tricks are applied to the study of animals' behaviors.

　　C．Birds and squirrels are the animals that are good at deception.

　　D．Researchers are interested in animals' military­related behaviors.

　　E

　　While waiting to pick up a friend at an airport in Portland, Oregon, I had one of those life­changing experiences that you hear other people talk about—the kind that happens to you unexpectedly. To me, this happened and was only two feet away from me.

　　Locating my friend among the passengers, I noticed a man coming toward me carrying two light bags. He stopped right next to me to greet his family.

　　First he walked to his youngest son (maybe 6 years old) as he laid down his bags. They gave each other a long, loving hug. As they separated enough to look in each other's face, I heard the father say，“It's so good to see you, son.

　　I missed you so much！” His son smiled somewhat shyly, and replied softly，“Me, too, Dad！”

　　Then the man stood up, gazed into the eyes of his oldest son (maybe 9 or 10) and while cupping his son's face in his hands said, “You're already quite a young man. I love you very much, Zach！” They too hugged a most loving, tender hug.

　　While this was happening, a baby girl (perhaps one or one­and­a­half­year old) was squirming (扭动) excitedly in her mother's arms, never once taking her little eyes off the wonderful sight of her returning father. The man said，“Hi, baby girl！” as he gently took the child from her mother. He quickly kissed her face all over and then held her close to his chest while rocking her from side to side. The little girl instantly relaxed and simply laid her head on his shoulder, motionless in pure contentment.

　　After several moments, he handed his daughter to his oldest son and declared，“I've saved the best for last！” and went to give his wife the longest, most passionate kiss I ever remember seeing. He gazed into her eyes for several seconds and then silently mouthed, “I love you so much！” They stared into each other's eyes, beaming big smiles at one another, while holding both hands.

　　For an instant they reminded me of newly­weds, but I knew by the age of their kids that they couldn't possibly be. I puzzled about it for a moment then realized how totally attentive I was in the wonderful display of unconditional love not more than an arm's length away from me.

　　I suddenly felt uncomfortable, as if I was invading something sacred, but was amazed to hear my own voice nervously ask，“Wow! How long have you two been married？”

　　“Been together fourteen years total, married twelve of those.” he replied, without breaking his gaze from his lovely wife's face. “Well then, how long have you been away？” I asked. The man finally turned and looked at me, still beaming his joyous smile. “Two whole days！”

　　Two days? I was stunned. I had assumed he'd been gone for at least several weeks—if not months. I know my expression betrayed me. “I hope my marriage is still that passionate after twelve years！”

　　The man suddenly stopped smiling.

　　He looked me straight in the eye, and with forcefulness that burned right into my soul, he told me something that left me a different person, “Don't hope, friend... decide！” Then he flashed me his wonderful smile again, shook my hand and said，“God bless！”

　　With that, he and his family turned and walked away together.

　　I was still watching that exceptional man and his special family walk just out of sight when my friend came up to me and asked, “What'cha looking at？” Without hesitating, and with a curious sense of certainty, I replied，“My future！”

　　文章大意：本文是一篇记叙文。作者通过讲述自己在机场看到一家人在分别两天重逢后的亲密场景及男主人对作者所说的话，表达了这次事件对自己的震撼，并下定决心拿出更多的爱给自己的家人。

　　16．Which word could best describe the baby girl?

　　A．Quiet.

　　　B．Innocent.

　　C．Naughty.

　　D．Sweet.

　　17．The writer suddenly felt uncomfortable because ________.

　　A．he felt it impolite to stare at the family

　　B．he felt he withdrew from society

　　C．the family found him curious about them

　　D．he didn't love his wife as much

　　答案：A　推理判断题。根据第七段最后一句中的“I suddenly felt uncomfortable, as if I was invading something sacred”和文化常识可知，作者由于被这亲密的幸福情景所吸引，一直盯着他们看，距离很近(only two feet)，而这在西方是很不礼貌的行为，侵犯了他人的隐私。故答案选A。

　　18．What can we learn from the story?

　　A．The family became the writer's friends.

　　B．The writer decided to look for a wife.

　　C．The writer's family will get more love from him.

　　D．The writer will tell his friend the story immediately they meet.

　　19．Which paragraph in this story best shows the love of the couple?

　　A．Paragraph 4.

　　B．Paragraph 5.

　　C．Paragraph 6.

　　D．Paragraph 7.

　　20．Why does the writer think his airport experience is life­changing?

　　A．Because he came across a most loving family.

　　B．Because he realized the difference between “hope” and “decide”．

　　C．Because he thought it was really a unique experience.

　　D．Because the family he met with had a strange power over him.

　　四、

　　A

　　Make A Difference Day is the largest national day of community service in the USA, which takes place on the fourth Saturday of October.

　　Who takes part in Make A Difference Day?

　　Anyone! Young and old, individuals and groups, anyone can carry out a volunteer project that helps others. It might be as ambitious as collecting truckloads of clothing for the homeless, or as personal as spending an afternoon helping an elderly neighbor or relative. USA WEEKEND covers volunteers and their projects in articles and photos.

　　How do I get started?

　　Look around your community. Are people hungry, homeless or ill? Are parks or schools dirty or neglected? No matter where you live, there's a need nearby. And on Make A Difference Day, millions of Americans are expected to roll up their sleeves to help others. You can act alone or enlist your friends, family and co­workers.

　　You can also call the Make A Difference Day Hot Line, 1－800－416－3824, for information. Or use the ideas on this website for inspiration.

　　What do I do after I've selected a project?

　　Tell others what you're doing and enlist help. Several weeks before the day, tell us about your plans in the Make A Difference DAYtaBANK, a national listing of local projects that will be viewed by interested volunteers, other people looking for good project ideas and news media looking for good stories to tell.

　　It will only take a few minutes to post your plans in the DAYtaBANK hosted by HandsOn Network.

　　Do it!

　　Carry out your plans to help others on Make A Difference Day. Be sure to take lots of pictures and share them on the Make A Difference Day Photo Album.

　　文章大意：本文是一篇应用文。介绍了美国最大的社区活动Make A Difference Day。希望大家积极参与这一活动，帮助他人。

　　1．Where does the text probably come from?

　　A．A magazine.

　　B．A website.

　　C．A newspaper.

　　D．A festival brochure.

　　2．Make A Difference Day ________.

　　A．is celebrated every year all over the world

　　B．is a service provided by the community

　　C．is a celebration of helpful neighbors

　　D．is a national day of doing good in America

　　答案：D　推理判断题。根据文章第一段第一句“Make A Difference Day is the largest national day of community service in the USA”和Who takes part in Make A Difference Day部分第一句中“anyone can carry out a volunteer project that helps others”可知，答案D符合文义。

　　3．It can be inferred from the text that volunteers ________.

　　A．are chosen carefully by USA WEEKEND

　　B．need to dress up on Make A Difference Day

　　C．can get good project ideas from HandsOn Network

　　D．take pictures to send them to news media for money

　　4．The main purpose of the text is to ________.

　　A．introduce the origin of Make A Difference Day

　　B．instruct people how to select a proper project idea

　　C．promote Make A Difference Day to other countries

　　D．encourage individuals to join in Make A Difference Day

　　B

　　Walking in a farmers' market often brings one to explore new food options, and now more locally­farmed protein choices are available to help bridge the gap between our meals and the farms on which they originated. More and more local small farms are popping_up in opposition to factory farms.

　　Today's commercial farms do not fit the image that comes to mind while happily singing along to “Old McDonald”. Instead, most of the nation's food comes from CAFOs, Confined Animal Feeding Operations, where animals are kept in tightly enclosed conditions as they are fattened up and readied to be killed for food.

　　Fortunately, knowing exactly where one's food comes from has led to an increase in the availability of what is known as “grass­fed” beef. Technically, all cattle are grass­fed for at least a limited amount of time, but what makes the meat significant is that it is grass­finished, not force­fed corn, soy or grains. This change in diet makes all the difference since corn is not part of the cow's traditional diet, and therefore causes major health issues for it. To deal with the health issues, antibiotics (抗生素) are used and some of the antibiotics used to treat the cattle are similar to those given to humans, so they can decrease the effectiveness of medicine when a consumer is sick.

　　A healthier diet for the cattle leads the meat to lower in both fat and calories. And when cooking grass­fed beef, you'd better use a slightly lower temperature to make it more delicious.

　　文章大意：本文是一篇议论文。为了应对机械化农业的弊端，越来越多的小农业开始兴盛起来了，它们生产的农畜牧产品不仅丰富了人们的一日三餐，同时也更绿色、更健康。

　　5．The underlined words “popping up” (in the 1st paragraph) probably means ________.

　　A．improving

　　B．fading

　　C．profiting

　　D．appearing

　　6．The song “Old McDonald” describes ________.

　　A．animals raised freely on local farms

　　B．animals kept in tightly enclosed conditions

　　C．commercial farms providing fast food

　　D．commercial farms providing unpopular foods

　　7．Some medicines are less effective for beef consumers probably because ________.

　　A．some cattle feed on grains

　　B．all cattle diet on grass

　　C．some medicines are used to treat sick cattle

　　D．some antibiotics are used by both cattle and people

　　8．We can infer from the text that ________.

　　A．food from local farms can help add to the variety in our daily meals

　　B．soy or grains are on the list of traditional diets of the cattle

　　C．corn for the cattle leads the meat to lower in both fat and calories

　　D．lower temperature makes grass­fed beef more delicious

　　C

　　On a visit to Japan, Wangari Maathai learned the story of the hummingbird (蜂鸟) and the

　　forest fire. While the other animals run in fear, the hummingbird flies above the fire time and

　　again, leaving a few drops of water from its beak.

　　“Why do you bother？” the other animals shout at the hummingbird. “I'm doing the best that

　　I can，” the hummingbird replies.

　　“It's such a beautiful story，” Ms. Maathai says, thinking of the world's environmental problems.

　　“There's always something we can do with our little beak like the little hummingbird.”

　　In 2004 Maathai was honored with a Nobel Peace Prize for her work founding the Green Belt

　　Movement (GBM), which hires villagers, especially women, to improve the environment. Since

　　then, she's realized that people's values are what inspire them. If the values are good ones, good

　　actions will follow.

　　“If you don't have good values, you'll develop vices (恶劣行径)，” says Maathai. “And if we give

　　in to the vice, we destroy ourselves. We destroy the environment.” That's the message of her

　　new book.

　　In 1971, Maathai received a doctor's degree from the University of Nairobi, the largest

　　university in Kenya. She's now back in her homeland beginning work on the Wangari Maathai

　　Institute for Peace and Environmental Studies (WMI) at the University of Nairobi. “They want to

　　call it after me，” she says.

　　WMI will pay more attention to “learning by doing” and use knowledge to deal with real

　　problems. “What Africa needs is people who are willing to get their fingers dirty and work with

　　the people，” says Maathai.

　　Planting trees is one way people connect with the natural world. She continues to inspire

　　others. “There is no lasting peace until we have peace with the earth itself，” she says.

　　文章大意：本文是一篇报道。保护环境人人有责，文章主要讲述了诺贝尔和平奖获得者Maathai保护环境的一些具体活动以及她关于保护环境的一些看法。

　　9．Why does Wangari Maathai think highly of the hummingbird?

　　A．It can create water from its beak.

　　B．It helps the other animals run away.

　　C．It tries its best to put out the fire.

　　D．It finds out a way to save the forest.

　　10．Those who work for GBM are mainly ________.

　　A．environmental experts

　　B．women villagers

　　C．people who had good values

　　D．people who love birds

　　11．Which of the following is TRUE about Wangari Maathai?

　　A．She is from Japan.

　　B．She received a Nobel Prize.

　　C．She is a university teacher.

　　D．She has always raised the hummingbird.

　　答案：B　细节理解题。根据第四段第一句中“In 2004 Maathai was honored with a Nobel Peace Prize for her work founding the Green Belt Movement (GBM)”可知，B项正确。

　　12．According to Wangari Maathai, ________.

　　A．good actions lead to good values

　　B．people's values influence their actions

　　C．everybody has a possibility to develop vices

　　D．people who have bad values may have good actions

　　答案：B　细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句和第五段内容可知，Maathai认为，如果你没有好的价值观，就会有不良行为；如果我们屈从于错误的价值观的话，就会伤害自己，破坏环境。故B项正确。

　　D

　　Up to 45 rare species of Australian animals are in danger of becoming extinct within 20 years, scientists warned in a report. But hope is not lost! According to the report, the species can be saved if immediate action is taken to control their natural predators (天敌) and other threats.

　　The threatened animals can be found in the faraway Kimberley region of northwestern Australia. The region is similar in square miles to California. Thirty percent of the endangered species are unique to the region, while others have already disappeared in other parts of Australia.

　　Dr. Tara Martin, a research scientist said in the report, “A large extinction event is happening in Australia. The north has really been the last stronghold (主要栖息地) for many species of birds and mammals and reptiles. The Kimberley is really their last chance on earth.”

　　Many of the species are under threat because they are hunted by wild cats. These cats kill around 500 000 native animals in the Kimberley region every day.

　　The species face another threat, too. Their native habitat is also being destroyed by wildfires and by wild donkeys and goats that compete for food and water. Humans introduced cats, donkeys and goats to Australia to be farm animals or pets. However, their populations have exploded in the region because they have few natural predators.

　　The report calls for $ 95 million to immediately start protection programs. The report also suggests reducing wild donkey and goat populations in the region, building fences, fighting wildfires and educating the community about how to help the endangered species.

　　Richard Hobbs, an ecologist at the University of Western Australia, says the costs are worthwhile because the measures will not be too difficult to carry out.

　　文章大意：本文是一篇调查报告。在澳大利亚有多达45种稀有动物在接下来的二十年里将会灭绝。报告主要讲述了这些物种所面临的危险并提出了保护它们应该采取的一些措施。

　　13．Which of the following should be done to protect the rare species of Australian animals?

　　A．Providing new habitat for them.

　　B．Supplying more food and water to them.

　　C．Getting rid of the dangers to them.

　　D．Leading them to the north of Australia for a better life.

　　答案：C　细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句中“the species can be saved... to control their natural predators (天敌) and other treats”可知，我们人类应当立即帮助这些珍稀物种去除威胁它们生存的因素。故C项正确。

　　14．Paragraphs 2­3 mainly tell us ________.

　　A．where the threatened animals can be found

　　B．how worrying the situation of the rare animals is

　　C．the Kimberley is the home of many rare species

　　D．the Kimberley is a safe place for animals to live

　　15．The article may appear in a magazine on ________.

　　A．animals

　　B．geography

　　C．chemistry

　　D．history

　　E

　　Maps of the world's population show that the majority of people today live near water. We live along coastlines, around bays, up the course of rivers and streams and on islands. We also vacation at the beach and find comfort fishing on a lake. Nothing makes small children happier than the chance of playing in water.

　　More surprisingly, this human favor for water makes evolutionary(进化的)sense. Sure, we need drinking water to live, but we have also benefited from what's swimming under the waves.

　　Neuroscientist Crawford of the University of North London has proposed that our ancient ancestors attached to the sea, and that their devotion paid off by allowing the human species to develop large and complex brains.

　　Crawford claims that when humans separated from apes(类人猿)and appeared in the forests of Africa, they stuck close to rivers and beaches and started catching fish, clams and crabs. That seafood was packed with omega­3 fatty acids, essential fatty acids that promote brain cell growth.

　　It's no coincidence, Crawford claims, that human brain growth began to increase rapidly once we left the woods and headed for the beach.

　　Scientists have also discovered that people who eat fish regularly are less likely to suffer from depression than those who eat less seafood. Biochemist Hibbelin of the National Institutes of Health has shown that across cultures there is a direct link between amount of fish eaten each week and rates of depression. More interestingly, Hibbelin and researcher Laura have found that fish is commonly used as a symbol of happiness and good health in various religions and cultures.

　　We know that fish and the sea are good for us, and so we seek them out. We vacation on the coast and see the waves come and go, feeling happiness has taken over our brain. When we move inland, or go home from vacation, we lose touch with our sea roots and feel unhappy.

　　文章大意：这是一篇说明文。喜欢水并寻找有水的地方是人类的天性。

　　16．To explain human's favor for water, the author ________.

　　A．lists some examples

　　B．compares some facts

　　C．analyzes some numbers

　　D．raises some questions

　　17．Human beings have benefited a lot from seafood because ________.

　　A．seafood has enough water and is fresh

　　B．fishes in the sea have large and complex brains

　　C．our ancestors had nothing to eat but seafood

　　D．it is abundant in fatty acids promoting brain cell growth

　　18．According to Crawford, human brain developed fast when we ________.

　　A．went to the coast to spend our holidays

　　B．left the woods and headed for the beach

　　C．separated from apes and appeared in the forests of Africa

　　D．discovered seafood was packed with omega­3 fatty acids

　　19．What's the main idea of Paragraph 6?

　　A．Scientists help people overcome depression.

　　B．Fish is a kind of symbol in some religions.

　　C．Eating fish regularly may reduce our depression.

　　D．Happiness is linked with good health.

　　答案：C　主旨大意题。第六段的中心句是第一句“...Scientists have also discovered that people who eat fish regularly are less likely to suffer from depression”，其余句子都是围绕这个中心内容的。

　　20．What can we infer from the passage?

　　A．It's good to our health to swim under the waves.

　　B．Human has the largest and most complex brains.

　　C．Beach is the best destination of vacation.

　　D．It's human nature to seek out bodies of water.

　　五、

　　A

　　When I met him, I had a lot of anger inside of me.

　　I've lived my whole life in Spanish Harlem, but in my neighborhood, there are shoot­ups all the time. I know kids who have been shot or beaten up. I have friends who were barred in prison. I could have ended up that way, too, but Mr. Clark wouldn't let that happen.

　　Mr. Clark worked long hours, making sure I did my work. My grades rose. In fact, the scores of our whole class rose. One day, he took our class to see The Phantom of the Opera, and it was the first time some kids had ever been out of Harlem. Before the show, he treated us to dinner at a restaurant and taught us not to talk with our mouths full. We did not want to let him down.

　　Mr. Clark was selected as Disney's 2000 Teacher of the Year. He said he would draw three names out of a hat; those students would go with him to Los Angeles to get the award. But when the time came to draw names, Mr. Clark said，“You're all going.”

　　On graduation day, there were a lot of tears. We didn't want his class to end. In 2001, he moved to Atlanta, but he always kept in touch. He started giving lectures about education, and wrote a bestselling book based on his classroom rules, The Essential 55. In 2003, Mr. Clark took some of us on a trip to South Africa to deliver school supplies and visit orphanages. It was the most amazing experience of my life. It's now my dream to one day start a group of women's clubs, helping people from all backgrounds.

　　文章大意：本文是一篇写人记叙文。介绍了“我”的老师Clark先生，他带“我们”欣赏歌剧、领“我们”一起领奖；他写了一本畅销书……在他的帮助下，“我”积极生活，没有受到周围不良环境的影响。

　　1．What would happen when the time came for Mr. Clark to go to Los Angeles?

　　A．Many students would be treated to dinner at a restaurant there.

　　B．He would start his new businesses and get more students there.

　　C．All of his students would go with him to get the award.

　　D．He would take his class to see a movie at a theater there.

　　2．Which of the following is the name of a book?

　　A．The Phantom of the Opera.

　　B．The Essential 55.

　　C．Spanish Harlem.

　　D．Disney's 2000 Teacher.

　　3．From the writer's story we can infer that ________.

　　A．the writer might have been put into prison without Mr. Clark

　　B．thanks to Mr. Clark's hard work, the writer won the award for Best Teacher

　　C．the writer followed Mr. Clark to South Africa to help old people in poor areas

　　D．Mr. Clark retired in the year after he was selected as Disney's 2000 Teacher

　　4．According to the text, what does the writer mainly intend to let us know?

　　A．Mr. Clark was so successful a teacher that he devoted all his life to his

　　career.

　　B．The way Mr. Clark helped to raise the scores of his class.

　　C．Much was Mr. Clark respected and loved by all of his students.

　　D．A good teacher has a good influence on his or her students.

　　答案：D　主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了“我”的老师Mr Clark对“我”的影响，如果没有他的帮助，“我”很可能像“我”的朋友一样进监狱了。故本文主要说明一个好老师对学生的积极影响。故D项正确。

　　B

　　Nowadays, it seems that everybody wants to be a leader. Countless books about how to manage a company or influence others fill bookstores. But one needn't be a CEO or Politician to be a leader. Former U. S. President John Adams said, “If your action inspires others to dream more, learn more, do more and become more, you are a leader.”

　　The key to becoming such a leader lies in character. People follow only those whom they respect, trust and admire. What attractive traits does such a leader have? Below are five of the most important.

　　Leaders have courage

　　The New York firefighters who ran into the burning World Trade Tower to rescue others are modern­day models of courage. Yet even more than physical courage, the everyday demands of modern life require moral courage. Insisting on doing the right thing despite pressure to act otherwise takes such courage.

　　Leaders must face fear and doubt in many of the decisions they make. Having these feelings doesn't mean one isn't courageous. After all, courage is not the absence of fear. Rather, it's doing the right thing despite one's fears.

　　Leaders are humble

　　Being humble simply means having an accurate view of one's own limitations. Everybody has limitations. Leaders deal with theirs by seeking help from others.

　　When leaders seek help, they recognize the skills that order other people bring to the table. And when they are successful, leaders generously praise all who contributed to the success. Humble leaders don't promote themselves; they promote others.

　　Learning is a lifelong goal, no matter one's position. Humble leaders are never too proud to

　　learn from all sources of knowledge—even those under them.

　　Leaders serve others

　　Just Christ said，“If anyone wants to be first, he must be the very last, and the servant of all.” Leaders serve others and put the needs of others before themselves. They make the good of everyone on the team a personal priority.

　　Leaders who serve others help the whole team accomplish more. Leaders do things to make sure everybody has the resources needed. They go the extra mile to help out during a busy rush. When leaders serve, followers are also encouraged to serve each other.

　　Leaders have passion

　　Money or success can motivate someone to show up for an activity. But what motivates one to really put his heart into something? The answer is passion—the feeling that the activity is significant.

　　Outstanding leaders inspire others because they are motivated by passion for what they do. Leaders show the significance of routine work to others by emphasizing the big picture. They demonstrate how an activity not only benefits the individual, but also one's family, community and entire society. Their passion ignites the passion of others.

　　Leaders have integrity

　　One's integrity can be measured by what one does when nobody is looking. Leaders practice what they preach all the time, not just in the presence of others. Leaders also set the example for integrity. If a leader values being punctual, he arrives early.

　　Leadership is more about who you are than what you know or can do. By following these principles, you can become a better person. And that in turn will make you a better leader.

　　文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了领导者的特征和品质，要做一名领导者不一定要做CEO或政客，如果你的行为能激励他人，让他人学到更多，做得更多，成就更多，你就是一名领导者。

　　5．Which should be the very beginning of the text?

　　A．Strong and effective leadership might have made the team more successful.

　　B．Leadership is the position of being the leader.

　　C．Leadership is not just about what you know or do—it's also about who you are!

　　D．Leadership refers to the set of characteristics.

　　6．What does the underlined word “traits” probably mean?

　　A．A strong point that one who serves in a special field should be skilled in.

　　B．A particular characteristic that can produce a particular type of behavior.

　　C．A physical or mental power that is needed to do something.

　　D．A clear purpose that a good leader should work with.

　　答案：B　词义猜测题。根据该句中的“such a leader have”以及下文所介绍的领导者的五个重要的品格特征可知，traits意为“人的个性特点”，故B项正确。

　　7．This action “If a leader wants everyone to work hard, he works harder.” belongs to ________.

　　A．Leaders are humble

　　B．Leaders serve others

　　C．Leaders have passion

　　D．Leaders have integrity

　　8．What could be the best title for the text?

　　A．A Leader's Character

　　B．A Leader for an Organization

　　C．The Abilities of a Leader

　　D．The Responsibilities of a Leader

　　C

　　A year after graduation, I was offered a position teaching a writing class. Teaching was a

　　profession I had never seriously considered, though several of my stories had been published. I

　　accepted the job without hesitation, as it would allow me to wear a tie and go by the name of Mr.

　　Davis. My father went by the same name, and I liked to imagine people getting the two of us

　　confused. “Wait a minute，” someone might say，“are you talking about Mr. Davis the retired man,

　　or Mr. Davis the respectable scholar？”

　　The position was offered at the last minute, and I was given two weeks to prepare, a period

　　I spent searching for briefcase (公文包) and standing before my full­length mirror, repeating the

　　words，“Hello, class.

　　I'm Mr. Davis.” Sometimes I would give myself an aggressive voice.

　　Sometimes I would sound experienced. But when the day eventually came, my nerves kicked in

　　and the true Mr. Davis was there.

　　I sounded not like a thoughtful professor, but rather a

　　12­year­old boy.

　　I arrived in the classroom with paper cards designed in the shape of maple leaves. I had cut

　　them myself out of orange construction paper. I saw nine students along a long table. I handed out the cards, and the students wrote down their names and fastened them to their breast pockets

　　as I required.

　　“All right then，” I said. “Okay, here we go.” Then I opened my briefcase and realized that I

　　had never thought beyond this moment. I had been thinking that the students would be the first to talk, offering their thoughts and opinions on the events of the day. I had imagined that I would sit at the edge of the desk, overlooking a forests of hands. Every student would yell. “Calm down, you'll all get your turn. One at a time, one at a time！”

　　A terrible silence ruled the room, and seeing no other opinions, I inspected the students to pull out their notebooks and write a brief essay related to the theme of deep disappointment.

　　文章大意：本文是一篇记叙文。毕业一年后，作者得到了一份教授写作课程的工作。文章重点介绍了作者教学过程中难忘的第一堂课。

　　9．The author took the job to teach writing because ________.

　　A．he wanted to be respected

　　B．he had written some stories

　　C．he wanted to please his father

　　D．he had dreamed of being a teacher

　　10．What can we learn about the author from Paragraph 2?

　　A．He would be aggressive in his first class.

　　B．He was well­prepared for his first class.

　　C．He got nervous upon the arrival of his first class.

　　D．He waited long for the arrival of his first class.

　　11．Before he started his class, the author asked the students to ________.

　　A．write down their suggestions on the paper cards

　　B．cut maple leaves out of the construction paper

　　C．cut some cards out of the construction paper

　　D．write down their names on the paper cards

　　D

　　If you feel at present that you don't have enough friends in your life, one reason may be that you have let yourself become too busy to make time for the relationships you already have. Starting and keeping friendship requires effort and commitment. Many of us let our lives become so busy with work and other commitments that we don't get around to scheduling time for pleasure and renewal with the friends, relatives and acquaintances we already have.

　　Making the effort to call your friends more regularly and to accept more of the invitations you receive from others can improve your social life in a hurry!

　　Are there any people you could call right now and be assured of a pleasant welcome? Are there people that you could count on to help you in time of difficulty? Can you have close talks with them? Do you have fun when you are together? Are you happy to have them in your life?

　　If you haven't seen much of them lately, is it because you have become too busy? Have you grown apart? Was there an argument?

　　If the main reason why you haven't been getting together with the people you already know

　　is that you have gotten too busy, take a good look at how you spend your time. Compare it with

　　your real values and priorities in life. Is your busy lifestyle really bringing you the quality of life

　　that you want?

　　If you have become too busy for friends, why has this happened? Are you seeking material

　　toys in your life at the expense of relationships with other human beings? Have you allowed your time to be over­committed because you never say “No” to anyone? Do you insist on doing things

　　yourself that could be left to others? If so, why? Do you believe that everything depends on you?

　　Examine whether the way you are now spending your time accurately reflects your deepest values and priorities. Make sure that you schedule adequate time for the things that are truly most important to you.

　　If you really want to keep friends in your life, make a space in your schedule, and a space in your heart for them.

　　文章大意：本文是一篇议论文。你是不是感到生活中缺少朋友？如果是这样，那么也许是因为你忙于工作而疏远了朋友。交朋友和维持友谊需要努力和承诺，因此，不论工作多么繁忙，都应该留出时间给朋友。

　　12．In this passage the author mainly discusses ________.

　　A．how to balance friendship and work

　　B．how to spend our spare time

　　C．whether we should keep friendship

　　D．whether we should invite friends to dinner

　　13．Which of the following doesn't indicate a good relationship?

　　A．You have someone to count on when you are in trouble.

　　B．You have someone to have close talks with.

　　C．You feel depressed with others in life.

　　D．You have fun when you are with someone.

　　14．The reason why you have become too busy for friends may be the following except that ________.

　　A．you spend too much time seeking material toys in your life

　　B．you feel it difficult to keep friendship

　　C．you stick to doing everything all by yourself

　　D．you never refuse whatever other people ask you to do

　　15．The best title for the passage may be

　　________.

　　A．Too busy for Friendship?

　　B．Too busy with work?

　　C．How to Spend Your Time

　　D．How to Make New Friends

　　答案：A　标题概括题。通过对全文的整体理解可知，文章重点论述了生活中淡忘了朋友可能是自己太忙的缘故。故A项正确。

　　E

　　More over smart phone, the intelligent watch is about to take your spot as the latest hi­tech current, allowing wearers to glance at messages and even take calls without touching their phones. The i'm Watch, available since 2011, is the flagship product of an Italian company—i'm. This smart watch is an assist to the smart phone, with which it can communicate by Bluetooth wireless technology. It means you can leave your phone in your pocket as you answer or reject a call, review e­mails or read updates from friends on Twitter or Facebook.

　　The i'm Watch also has its own applications, such as i'm Sport, which links with a heart rate detector (检测器) to allow a runner to check his pulse. Such functions already exist in specialized sports watches but not on watches that are linked to smart phones.

　　With a square shape, a 3.8­centimeter touch screen and various colors, the i'm Watch sells for a minimum of 300 Euros ($390) for the basic model and prices climb to 16 000 Euros for a luxury model in silver or decorated with diamonds.

　　So far, the watch has already found 30 000 buyers, 80 percent of whom are men aged 25 to 50. “Seventy percent are iPhone users, 25 percent Samsung and the rest are other telephones using Google's Android operating system，” said Massimiliano Bertolini, a manager of the company, which aims to sell more than 200 000 watches this year. The company's target market is the person who is always glued to his smart phone, even in meetings or at the movies, or people who wish to keep an eye on their heartbeat during exercise. They will especially target women with advertisements emphasizing its design rather than its technology.

　　文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一款最新的智能手表。

　　16．The text is meant to ________.

　　A．advertise a hand­held device

　　B．show an example of high­tech

　　C．introduce a new type of watch

　　D．compare the phone with the watch

　　17．Which of the following best describes the i'm Watch?

　　A．Economical.

　　B．Typical.

　　C．Multifunctional.

　　D．Traditional.

　　答案：C　推理判断题。根据文章第一段最后两句“This smart watch is an assist to the smart phone... review e­mails or read updates from friends on Twitter or Facebook.”可推知，文中介绍的智能手表是多功能的，故答案C符合文义。

　　18．Why is the i'm Watch superior to other specialized sports watches?

　　A．It provides a better service.

　　B．It is linked to smart phones.

　　C．It has a heart rate detector.

　　D．It owns fancy appearance.

　　19．Which group of people may be attracted by the i'm Watch?

　　A．Sports lovers having smart phones.

　　B．Women preferring advertisements.

　　C．People using Android system.

　　D．iPhone users seeking convenience.

　　20．What can we learn about the i'm Watch according to the text?

　　A．It can control a runner's pulse.

　　B．It has a wide range of prices.

　　C．It can replace the smart phones.

　　D．It is popular among teenagers.

　　五、

　　A

　　Dear Sir，

　　I was surprised to read your recent editorial on the question of students' part­time jobs. You appear to be making lots of general comments on the basis of just one unfortunate case (I assure you that not all young people who deliver newspapers are as foolish and dishonest as the two youths mentioned in your article, and one single­case is not strong enough in supporting a point as evidence. I think you wouldn't disagree with me at this point)．

　　The first point I would like to make is that there are many jobs teenagers can do which give them useful experience of the working world. They are brought into contact with a variety of people, often older, and are given experience of expressing themselves clearly and logically. Every young man will eventually be involved in social net work, and we can't expect them to act as a mature adult once they step out of school. I am thinking here of jobs such as travel guides and shop assistants. Part­time jobs are actually a kind of guiding that young people need before they play their role in real career.

　　Another argument for school children and college students having holiday or weekend jobs is that many parents need the financial assistance. If we take, for example, a family in which the father is unemployed or perhaps a single­parent family on a low income, it seems logical and fair that a son or daughter should try to bring money into the household. And I think it's also an education to young people what family responsibility is and what one should do in terms of showing their care and love.

　　One further thing I want to say is that a lot of jobs for the young can be fun for the people who do them and also useful to the community. Youngsters who help in schools, hospitals and with the elderly often gain a great deal of pleasure and satisfaction as well as contributing something valuable to local society. And the experience will make young people feel their value in our society so that they will be more eager to learn and more willing to offer their help.

　　In conclusion, I would add that when I was a girl, my father said my teens were a time for books, hobbies and academic studies. Thinking back, I feel I would have learnt much more—about myself, other people and life in general—if he had allowed me to do a limited amount of real work. Certainly, when she is old enough, I shall encourage my own daughter to do so, rather than waste her time with soap operas, computer games and discos, like so many young people today. I don't mean having fun is a waste of time. I just want to point out that fun and part­time jobs could be balanced.

　　Yours faithfully，

　　Margaret Williams

　　文章大意：本文是写给报社编辑的一封信。在信中，作者表达了对该社最近发表的关于“青少年不应该做兼职工作(打零工)”这篇文章的反对，并给出了自己的理由和见解。

　　1．Which of the following is true according to the letter?

　　A．Part­time jobs help teenagers develop social skills.

　　B．All young people doing part­time jobs are intelligent and honest.

　　C．Children in single­parent families should not do part time jobs.

　　D．The writer did part­time jobs when she was at school.

　　2．What does the writer think many of the young people are doing now?

　　A．Taking some part­time jobs to help their family.

　　B．Doing their academic learning heart and soul.

　　C．Wasting time with soap operas and computer games or discos.

　　D．Doing community services by helping the old or the sick in hospitals.

　　3．What can we learn from the letter?

　　A．The writer of the letter is doing some part­time jobs.

　　B．An article against teenagers' doing part­time jobs was published.

　　C．Teenagers of the time are not doing the right thing.

　　D．The writer of the letter is a teenager from a single­parent family.

　　B

　　Traditional businessmen feel worried that growing e­commerce will reduce their share of the

　　market.

　　According to a survey, 90% of some people's purchases are made on the computer. As they

　　find that by being able to go online and choose the things that they need to choose, and have them

　　delivered right to their doorsteps, they could no longer be bothered with driving, the crowds, the

　　noise of that, and they usually get a better selection.

　　Cornell University Marketing Professor, MeLaughlin says traditional stores can keep their

　　customers by offering goods like clothing, which customers may want to see and try on before

　　purchasing, as well as items that are difficult to ship. He says some traditional stores are also

　　pleasing customers with services that set up or repair computers and electronics.

　　Traditional stores also offer a social experience that some shoppers enjoy. There is still a lot

　　of emotion in the buying decision that takes place. Oftentimes, you need that last sense of “this is

　　exactly what I want” before you part with money. And you can't always get that online. It's a

　　rather cold process.

　　As more and more people have Internet access and smart phones, online commerce is likely

　　to continue its growth here in the United States and in other countries.

　　文章大意：本文为一篇议论文。越来越流行的网购严重冲击着传统商业市场，那么传统商业怎么能够留住顾客呢？对此本文专家给出了几点建议。

　　4．Traditional businessmen feel upset because ________.

　　A．consumers can get a better selection by shopping online

　　B．more and more people purchase things on the computer

　　C．people like to have their goods delivered to their house

　　D．growing online sales will cut their share of the market

　　5．According to McLaughlin, some traditional stores are keeping customers by ________.

　　A．providing customers with extra services

　　B．inviting customers to try on clothing

　　C．delivering goods to each doorstep

　　D．repairing computers and electronics only

　　6．From the 4th paragraph, we know that ________.

　　A．online shoppers tend to be cold to each other

　　B．the process of shopping online is full of emotion

　　C．some shoppers like the social climate in traditional stores

　　D．making buying decisions in traditional shops is difficult

　　答案：C　细节理解题。根据文章第四段第一句“Traditional stores also offer a social experience that some shoppers enjoy.”可知，答案C符合文义。

　　7．What is the author's attitude towards the future online commerce?

　　A．Doubtful.

　　B．Optimistic.

　　C．Sympathetic.

　　D．Concerned.

　　C

　　It is a tall tale that terrifies most young children. Swallow a piece of chewing gum and it will

　　remain in your body for seven years before it is digested. An even worse tale is that swallowed

　　gum can wrap itself around your heart.

　　But what does happen if you should accidentally eat a stick of gum? Chewing gum is made

　　out of gum base, sweeteners, coloring and flavoring. The gum base is pretty indigestible—it is a

　　mixture of different ingredients (成分) that our body can't absorb.

　　Most of the time, your stomach really cannot break down the gum the way it would break

　　down other foods. However, your digestive system has another way to deal with things you

　　swallow. After all, we eat lots of things that we are unable to fully digest. They keep moving

　　along until they make it all the way through the gut (肠子) and come out at the other end one or

　　two days later.

　　The saliva (唾液) in our mouths will make an attempt at digesting chewing gum as soon as

　　we put it in our mouths. It might get through the shell but many of gum's base ingredients are

　　indigestible. It's then down to our stomach muscles—which contract and relax, much like the

　　way an earthworm moves—to slowly force the things that we swallow through our systems.

　　Swallowing a huge piece of gum or swallowing many small pieces of gum in a short time can

　　cause a blockage within the digestive system, most often in children, who have a thinner digestive

　　tube than adults—but this is extremely rare.

　　文章大意：本文为一篇科普类说明文。误食口香糖是不是像大人吓小孩子那样可怕呢？本文对此进行了分析。

　　8．Children might feel terrified after swallowing chewing gum mainly because ________.

　　A．they believe the tall tales about chewing gum

　　B．chewing gum will stay in their body for years

　　C．their heart will be wrapped by chewing gum

　　D．chewing gum is indigestible for children

　　答案：A　细节理解题。根据文章第一段第一句“It is a tall tale that terrifies most young children.”以及对第二、三句话的理解可知，答案A符合文义。B、C两项只是分别说明了tall tale的内容，故排除。

　　9．What happens to the food that can't be fully broken down?

　　A．It remains in our digestive system forever.

　　B．It will be eventually moved out of our body.

　　C．It will fight against the power of the gut.

　　D．It will stick to the gut for one or two days.

　　10．The word It (in the 4th paragraph) refers to

　　________.

　　A．The attempt

　　B．The salvia

　　C．The shell

　　D．The gum base

　　11．What would be the best title for text?

　　A．How does our digestive system work?

　　B．Can chewing gum be swallowed by kids?

　　C．Does swallowing chewing gum matter?

　　D．Why swallowing chewing gum frightens kids?

　　D

　　Telling fewer lies benefits people physically and mentally. Anita Kelly, study author and professor of psychology at the University of Notre Dame, employed 110 adults for her study. She divided them into two groups and asked one group to stop lying for 10 weeks. Lies included big ones and tiny ones—any false statements—but participants were still allowed to leave out the truth, keep secrets and avoid questions they didn't want to answer, etc. The other group wasn't given any special instructions about lying.

　　It turns out that both groups reduced their lying, but those who were specifically told to tell the truth improved their health more. “We found that the participants could purposefully and dramatically reduce their everyday lies, and that in turn was associated with significantly improved health，” said Kelly.

　　When participants in the no­lie group told three fewer white lies than they did in other weeks, they experienced, on average, fewer mental­health complaints and physical complaints. They were less likely to feel tense or sad and also experienced fewer sore throats and headaches. They also reported that personal relationships improved.

　　Additionally,

　　participants found themselves honest about their daily accomplishments, and they stopped making up excuses for being late or failing to complete a task, for example.

　　“It's certainly a worthy goal to have people be more honest and interact with others in a more honest way，” says psychologist Robert Feldman. “That would be beneficial, I'm a little doubtful whether it makes us all healthier, but it may make us healthier in a psychological way.”

　　文章大意：本文是一篇科研报告。研究了撒谎和健康之间的关系。

　　12．Which of the following is true according to the text?

　　A．People who tell lies are healthier than those who don't.

　　B．Being honest can help cure sore throats and headaches.

　　C．Not all the participants were required to tell the truth.

　　D．Participants involved are asked not to keep secrets.

　　13．The participants of the two groups ________.

　　A．told as many lies as before

　　B．were almost equally healthy

　　C．tended to lie less about their activities

　　D．experienced tenser personal relationships

　　14．From Robert Feldman, we can learn that ________.

　　A．white lies might make people have more complaints

　　B．honesty is likely to help people become mentally healthier

　　C．people should not be honest with others but with themselves

　　D．telling the truth can make people physically and mentally healthy

　　答案：B　推理判断题。根据文章最后一句“... but it may make us healthier in a psychological way”可推知，答案B“诚实会让人们在精神上更健康”符合文义。

　　15．The text is mainly about ________.

　　A．the connection of honesty and health

　　B．research on physical and mental health

　　C．advice about being an honest person

　　D．effects of honesty on personal relationships

　　E

　　“Plants were expected to get larger with increased carbon dioxide in atmosphere, but

　　changes in temperature, humidity and nutrient availability seem to trumped the benefits of

　　increased carbon dioxide，” said researchers from the National University of Singapore.

　　45 percent of the species studied now reach smaller adult sizes than they did in the past. The

　　researchers pointed out that warmer temperatures and changing habitats, caused by climate

　　change, are possible reasons for shrinking creatures.

　　“We do not yet know the mechanisms involved, or why some organism are getting smaller while others are unaffected，” the researchers said. “Until we understand more, we could be risking negative consequences that we can't yet quantify.”

　　The change was big in cold­blooded animals. Only two decades of warmer temperatures were enough to make reptiles smaller. An increase of 1 degree centigrade caused nearly a 10 percent increase in metabolism (新陈代谢). Greater use of energy resulted in tiny tortoises and little lizards. Fish are smaller now too. Though overfishing has played a part in reducing numbers, experiments show that warmer temperatures also stop fish growth. There is a recent report on warmer temperatures' negative effects on plankton, the base of the marine ecosystem.

　　Warm­blooded animals weren't immune from the size change caused by climate change. Many birds are now smaller. Mammals have been miniaturized too. Soay sheep are thinner. Red deer are weaker. And polar bears are smaller, compared with historical records.

　　This is not the first time this has happened in Earth's history. 55 million years ago, a warming event similar to the current climate change caused bees, spiders and ants to shrink by 50 to 75 percent over several thousand years. That event happened over a long time than the current climate change.

　　The speed of modern climate change could mean organisms may not respond or adapt quickly enough, especially those with long generation times. So, it is likely that more negative influences of climate change will be shown in future.

　　文章大意：本文是一篇科普说明文。主要报道了一项新发现，研究人员发现了气候变暖会导致地球上许多生物个体变小的现象。

　　16．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?

　　A．Why do some species become smaller?

　　B．How does temperature change in Earth's history?

　　C．Climate change has many negative effects

　　D．Species become smaller as climate warms

　　答案：D　标题概括题。通读全文及第二段首句“45 percent of the species studied now reach smaller adult sizes than they did in the past.”可知，本文主要讲述了气候变暖会导致许多生物个体变小的现象，故D项正确。

　　17．The underlined word “trumped” in the first paragraph can be replaced by ________.

　　A．been neglected by

　　B．had strong influences than

　　C．been weakened by

　　D．been less than

　　18．Researchers from the National University of Singapore believe that ________.

　　A．how climate change effects animals' size has not been found clearly

　　B．all the animals on the earth have become smaller

　　C．too many studies on animals' size have been done

　　D．people can avoid the negative effects of climate change

　　19．What can we learn from the passage?

　　A．Climate change has even affected plankton negatively.

　　B．Birds have suffered more from climate change than fish.

　　C．Ants, bees and spiders have been shrinking by 50% to 70% in the past decade.

　　D．A warming event causing species to become smaller has never happened before.

　　20．What's the author's attitude toward climate change in the passage?

　　A．Concerned.

　　B．Optimistic.

　　C．Indifferent.

　　D．Confident.