北京市东城区2016高考英语阅读理解学生联合自选（2）

　　阅读理解。阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

　　阅读理解

　　In a time of low academic achievement by children in the United States, many Americans are turning to Japan, a country of high academic achievement and economic success, for possible answers. However, the answers provided by Japanese preschools are not the ones Americans expected to find. In most Japanese preschools,s urprisingly little emphasis is put on academic instruction. In one investigation, 300 Japanese and 210 American preschool teachers, child development specialists, and parents were asked about various aspects of early childhood education. Only 2 percent of the Japanese respondents listed 搕o give children a good start academically?as one of their top three reasons for a society to have preschools. In contrast, over h aalf the American respondents chose this as one of their top three choices. To prepare children for successful careers in first grade and beyond, Japanese schools do not teach reading, writing, and mathematics, but rather skills such as persistence, concentration, and the ability to function as a member of a group. The majority of young Japanese children are taught to read at home by their parents.

　　In the recent comparison of Japanese and American preschool education, 91 percent of Japanese respondents chose providing children with a group experience as one of their top three reasons for a society to have preschools. 62 percent of the more individually oriented（强调个性发展的）Americans listed group experience as one of their top three choices. An emphasis on the importance of the group seen in Japanese early childhood education continues into elementary school education.

　　Like in America, there is diversity in Japanese early childhood education. Some Japanese kindergartens have specific aims, such as early musical training or potential development. In large cities, some kindergartens are attached to universities that have elementary and secondary schools.

　　Some Japanese parents believe that if their young children attend a university-based program, it will increase the children’s chances of eventually being admitted to top-rated schools and universities. Several more progressive programs have introduced free play as a way out for the heavy intellectualizing in some Japanese kindergartens.

　　45. We learn from the first paragraph that many Americans believe ____.

　　A. Japanese parents pay more attention to preschool education than American parents

　　B. Japan’s economic success is a result of its scientific achievements

　　C. Japanese preschool education emphasizes academic instruction

　　D. Japan’s higher education is better than theirs

　　46. Most American respondents believe that preschools should also attach importance to____.

　　A. problem solving

　　B. group experience

　　C. parental guidance

　　D. individually oriented development

　　47. In Japan’s preschools education, the focus is on ____.

　　A. preparing children’s artistic interests

　　B. developing children’s artistic interests

　　C. tapping children’s potential

　　D. shaping children’s character

　　48. Why do some Japanese parents send their children to university-based kindergartens?

　　A. They can do better in their future studies.

　　B. They can gain more group experience there.

　　C. They can be individually oriented when they grows up.

　　D. They can have better chances of getting a first-rate education

　　【参考答案】45-48 CBDD

　　【2016山东省济南外国语学校质量检测】B

　　A heartless thief is believed to have crashed a fund-raiser and made off with a bag of cash meant to help a New York City firefighter pay for life-changing surgery for his 9-year-old son. But little Aidan Sullivan -- who was born with a facial defect and no right ear -- yesterday put up a brave front, with a message for the crook(thief): "I'm going to kick your butt!"

　　"I want to look normal," said Aidan, whose father, Tim, is a firefighter in the Bronx. The third-grader has hemi facial micro soma, in which one half of the face doesn't develop correctly.

　　Last weekend, family friend Peter Drake, a Ridgefield, Conn., firefighter, hosted a fund-raiser, collecting between $8,000 and $9,000. But when the party at a Danbury, Conn., Irish cultural center was over, the money had disappeared.

　　"At the end of the night, all the money that was donated was put in a zippered bag," said Tim Sullivan. "A bartender gave the bag to Pete... He had it in his hands. He put it down to go do something, and when he came back, he saw that it was missing."

　　Sullivan said his longtime friend -- who has had fund-raisers to pay for Aidan's 10 previous surgeries -- is "devastated."

　　"Pete was so upset. He kept saying, 'I let Aidan down, I let Aidan down,” Colleen Sullivan, 40, recalled.

　　"We even went Dumpster diving, in case it was thrown out."

　　The Sullivans plan to go ahead with the March 1 surgery led by specialists at NYU's Langone Medical Center in Manhattan. The money would have offset the $10,000 to $15,000 that insurance doesn't cover. Yesterday, Aidan said he's not a fan of hospitals and doesn't like to be away from his sister, Kaylee, 4. But he's willing to do it. "I'm excited," he said. "Finally, an ear."

　　61. Where do you probably read this text from?

　　A. A magazine. B. A newspaper.

　　C. A book. D. An advertisement.

　　62. How did little Aidan Sullivan feel when he knew the money was missing.

　　A. He felt excited.

　　B. He felt surprised.

　　C. He felt upset.

　　D. He felt annoyed.

　　63. What is the money used for according to this text?

　　A. To help Aidan Sullivan to have another operation.

　　B. To help pay for Aidan Sullivan’s life insurance.

　　C. To return the money the Sullivans owed to the hospital.

　　D. To help a firefighter who got hurt in the ear. 64. What is true of little Aidan Sullivan?

　　A. He hates going to hospital.

　　B. He will go to New York for the surgery.

　　C. He didn’t care too much about the lost money.

　　D. He has received 10 surgeries before. 65. What can we infer about Pete from the text?

　　A. He was heartless.

　　B. He was kind.

　　C. He was caress.

　　D. He was a firefighter.

　　【参考答案】61、BDADB

　　参考答案

　　A is for always getting to work on time.

　　B is for being extremely busy.

　　C is for the conscientious（勤勤恳恳的） way you do your job.

　　You may be all these things at the office, and more. But when it comes to getting ahead, experts say, the ABCs of business should include a P, for politics, as in office politics.

　　Dale Carnegie suggested as much more than 50 years ago: Hard work alone doesn’t ensure career advancement. You have to be able to sell yourself and your ideas, both publicly and behind the scenes. Yet, despite the obvious rewards of engaging in office politics梐 better job, a raise, praise梞any people are still unable or unwilling梩rtso 損lay the game?

　　揚eople assume that office politics involves some manipulativeas,（工于心计的） behavior,” says Deborah Comer, an assistant professor of management at Hofstra University.“But politics derives from the word ‘polite’. It can mean lobbying（游说）and forming associations. It can mean being kind and helpful, or even trying, to please your superior, and then expecting something in return.?In fact, today, experts define office politics as proper behaviors used to pursue onee’s own self-interest in the workplace. In many cases, this involves some forms of socializing within the office environment梟ot just in large companies, but in small workplaces as well.

　　揟he first thing people are usually judged on is their ability to perfotsrm well on a consistent basis,?says Neil P.Lewis,a management psychologist.揃ut if two or three candidates are up for a promotion, each of whom has reasonably similar ability, a manager is going to promote the person he or she likes best. Itbi’ s simple human nature.?Yet, psychologists say, many employees and employers have trouble with the concept of politics in the office. Some people, they say, have an idealistic vision of work and what it takes to succeed. Still others associate politics witth flattery, fearful that, if they speak up for themselves, they may appear to be flattering their boss for favors.

　　Experts suggest altering this negative picture by recognizing the need for some self-promotion.

　　49. “Office politics” （Line 2,Para.4） is used in the passage to refer to____.

　　A. the political views and beliefs of office workers

　　B. the interpersonal relationships within a company

　　C. the various qualities required for a successful career

　　D. the code of behavior for company staff

　　50. To get promoted, one must not only be competent but____.

　　A. avoid being too outstanding

　　B. get along well with his colleagues

　　C. honest and loyal to his company

　　D. give his boss a good impression

　　51. The author considers office politics to be ____.

　　A. unwelcome at the workplace

　　B. bad for interpersonal relationships

　　C. an important factor for personal advancement

　　D. indispensable to the development of company culture

　　52. It is the author’ s view that____.

　　A. self-promotion does not necessarily mean flattery

　　B. hard work contributes very little to one’ s promotion

　　C. many employees fail to recognize the need of flattery

　　D. speaking up for oneself is part of human nature

　　【参考答案】49-52 BDCA

　　阅读理解

　　The producers of instant coffee found their product strongly resisted in the market places despite their product’s obvious advantages. Furthermore，the advertising expense for instant coffee was far greater than that for regular coffee. Efforts were made to find the cause of the users’ seemingly unreasonable resistance to the product. The reason given by most people was dislike for the taste. The producers doubt that there might be deeper reasons，however. This was supported by one of motivation research’s classic studies，one often cited in the trade. Mason Haire of the University of California constructed two shopping lists that were the same except for one item. There were six items common to both lists: hamburger，carrots，bread，baking powder，canned peaches，and potatoes，with the brands or amounts specified. The seventh item，in fifth place on both lists，read“lib. Maxwell House coffee”on one list and“Nescafe instant coffee”on the other. One list was given to each one in a group of fifty women，and the other list to those in another group of the same size. The women were asked to study their lists and then to describe，as far as they could，the kind of woman（personality and character）who would draw up that shopping list. Nearly half of those who had received the list including instant coffee described a housewife who was lazy and a poor planner. On the other hand，only one woman in the other group described the housewife，who had included regular coffee on，her list was lazy; only six of that group suggested that she was a poor planner. Eight women felt that the instant-coffee user was probably not a good wife！No one in the other group drew such a conclusion about the housewife who intended to buy regular coffee.

　　53. The result of the investigation showed that ________.

　　A. women who used regular coffee were good planners

　　B. most of the women investigated were good at reasons

　　C. many women believed that wives who used instant coffee were lazy

　　D. housewives who used instant coffee were lazy

　　54. In the study，the women were supposed to give the opinions about________.

　　A. which was better，instant coffee or regular coffee

　　B. women’s attitude towards shopping

　　C. the necessity of making such a shopping list

　　D. the personality of a woman who would prepare such a list

　　55. Judging by the result of the study many women were not interested in instant coffee because________.

　　A. they didn’t trust advertisements

　　B. instant coffee was not suited to their taste

　　C. they wanted to show that they were intelligent

　　D. they had a sense of shame about using instant coffee

　　56. The搃nstant coffee攑robably means________.

　　A. expensive coffee

　　B. coffeeid made up quickly for use

　　C. cheap coffee

　　D.coffee made up slowly for use

　　【参考答案】53-56 CDDB

　　【2016山东省济南外国语学校质量检测】C

　　Researchers found that people become happier and experience less worry after they reach the age of fifty. In fact, they say by the age of eighty-five, people are happier with their life than they were when they were eighteen years old.

　　The findings came from a survey of more than three hundred forty thousand adults in the United States. The Gallup Organization questioned them by telephone in two thousand eight. At that time, the people were between the ages of eighteen and eighty-five.

　　The researchers asked questions about emotions like happiness, sadness and worry. They also asked about mental or emotional stress.

　　Arthur Stone in the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science at Stony Brook University in New York led the study. His team found that levels of stress were highest among adults between the ages of twenty-two and twenty-five.

　　The findings showed that stress levels dropped sharply after people reached their fifties.

　　Happiness was highest among the youngest adults and those in their early seventies. The people least likely to report feeling negative emotions were those in their seventies and eighties.

　　The findings appeared in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

　　Researchers say they do not know why happiness increases as people get older. One theory is that, as people grow older, they grow more thankful for what they have and have better control of their emotions. They also spend less time thinking about bad experiences.

　　Professor Stone says the emotional patterns could be linked to changes in how people see the world, or maybe even changes in brain chemistry.

　　The researchers also considered possible influences like having young children, being unemployed or being single. But they found that influences like these did not affect the levels of happiness and well-being related to age.

　　The study also showed that men and women have similar emotional patterns as they grow older. However, women at all ages reported more sadness, stress and worry than men.

　　66. What is the best title of the passage?

　　A. The older a person is, the happier he grows.

　　B. The more lighthearted a person is, the happier he is.

　　C. The older a person is, the more clever he grows.

　　D. The older a person is, the more stressed he feels.

　　67. We can learn from the research that _________.

　　A. only when people get older, will they feel happier

　　B. older people usually have no worries in their life

　　C. older people are more likely to be thankful in life

　　D. stress levels among the youngest are the highest of all

　　68. According to the researchers, what is probably the reason why people grow happier when they get older?

　　A. When people get older, they can’t remember bad experiences.

　　B. When people get older, they have no young children to care about.

　　C. When people get older, they don’t care about their feelings.

　　D. When people get older, they learn to adjust their feelings.

　　69. What would the writer probably deal with in next paragraph?

　　A. Advice to the young people on how to keep happy.

　　B. Why women at all ages are more sad, stressed and worried.

　　C. Advice to the old people on how to live longer.

　　D. Why people will grow happier with their ages.

　　70. What do you think the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences is?

　　A. A Gallup organization.

　　B. A university in New York.

　　C. A popular science magazine.

　　D. A research institution

　　【参考答案】66、ACDBC