2016高考英语考纲解读及热点演练：16 完形填空

　　完形填空题的特点是篇幅小，但起点高，题量大，字数在230～300之间。完形填空的选材近年来以第一人称为主的夹叙夹议励志型材料，具有极强的时代意义和真切的现实意义。完形填空考查考生对语法、词汇、习语、句型、搭配等基础知识的综合运用能力和短文的阅读理解能力，灵活运用语言知识的能力并且根据试题内容进行正确的逻辑推理，综合判断和分析概括的能力。

　　一、记叙文是一种以记叙为主要表达方式的文体。它主要分为记人、叙事、写景几个方面，包括幽默故事、名人传记、逸闻趣事等。如果文章交代了when，where，who，what，how这五个要素，那么文章就是记叙文。为了测试考生对语篇的理解能力，命题人会特别注意选材的趣味性。记叙文的结尾往往出人意料，耐人寻味。

　　做题时，考生可以从以下几点进行突破。

　　1．重视首句，把握全篇

　　叙事性文章往往在第一句就会把事情发生的时间、地点等交代清楚或者对所要叙述的事情的性质、特征加以描述，这为我们理解文章提供了一个“窗口”。所以考生应充分重视首句的指导作用，利用它找到解题突破口，应“先完意，再完形”，即把握了全篇大意之后，再逐空试填。

　　2．理清线索，找准方向

　　记叙文一般按事件发展的时间或空间顺序来叙述，有时用倒叙手法。因此，我们在做题时可以首先抓住表示时间顺序的词，且要理清人物之间的关系，弄清楚人物各自所做的事情，准确理解文章。

　　3．利用语境，揣摩心态

　　高考完形填空题逐渐摒弃对语法的考查，朝着深层化和语境化的方向发展，因此考生要借助上下文语境来揣摩作者对文章中各个角色、各个事件的态度。在答题过程中，考生应该通过字里行间的内容体会主人公的心理活动，弄懂主人公对人物或事件的态度，身临其境，与主人公的思维保持一致。

　　二、夹叙夹议完形填空所选的文章一般富于哲理性，往往可以从一件看似平淡的小事中悟出深刻的人生哲理，因此耐人寻味，可读性较强。

　　在结构上，作者首先叙述一件事情，然后就此事情引申出一个深刻的社会话题或就此事提出自己的观点；或者先提出一种观点或看法，然后就这一观点或看法用具体的事例加以说明，最后再进一步阐述或作出结论。

　　夹叙夹议文在语言上又具有议论文的特点：语言客观、准确、逻辑性强，且具有概括性。那么，我们在做夹叙夹议文类的完形填空题时，需要注意哪些方面呢？

　　1．重视文章首句

　　夹叙夹议文常常以文章的标题、首句或简短的第一段导入话题，然后以顺叙或倒叙等叙事的方式适当加以描写，通过巧妙安排，在文章最后概括主题。因此，在解答夹叙夹议文类的完形填空时，考生首先要读懂第一段，尤其是文章的第一句话，这样就可以迅速总结出全文的主旨大意。

　　2．理清文章结构

　　夹叙夹议文类的文章通常是先进行叙述，然后在段落的结尾或文章的末尾展开议论，提出故事所包含的哲理或总结自己的观点。做题时，考生要跟着作者的思路读全文，思维要有灵活性，要随着记叙与议论的转换，及时调整思维方式。只有理清了文章的结构，才能更容易地理解文章，作出正确的选择。

　　3．抓住文章线索

　　理解夹叙夹议类文章要抓住线索，注意情节的变化，以求综观上下文，达到整体理解文意，从而避免片面性和断章取义。找出叙述、议论部分相关的命题规律与特点，分清论点、论据的习惯表达方式，找准文章的论点、论据和结论句式，使叙述与议论浑然一体。

　　三、说明文是用说明的方式介绍人或事物、解释事理的一种文体。说明文体裁的完形填空的最显著的特点是：

　　1．开头点题

　　做说明文体裁的完形填空时，要明确说明的对象是什么，是具体的实物还是理论性概念。因此，明确说明的对象是掌握说明细节的前提。在近几年的说明文体裁的完形填空题中，作者一般在文章的首句直接点明要说明的对象。

　　2．结构清晰

　　把握语篇特征对理解文意与答题极为有利。说明文的写作一般按时间顺序(先后顺序等)，空间顺序(从局部到整体，从上到下，从内到外等)，逻辑顺序(前因后果，先果后因，先主后次等)，认知顺序(由此及彼，由浅入深，由具体到抽象，由现象到本质等)。

　　在做说明文体裁的完形填空时，应当特别留意以下几点：

　　1．通过短文首尾句抓主旨

　　通读全文，看它是属于说明事物的说明文还是说明事理的说明文；是单纯说明类的说明文还是说明加叙述类的说明文。而尾句往往是文章的结论或点睛之笔，由此可知，抓住开篇启示作用的首句和总结概括性的尾句是很必要的。

　　2．关注段落间的内在联系

　　由于说明文一般是针对某一个对象从不同的角度和侧面加以说明的，每一段都有侧重点，对这些内容要进行概括、总结，从而找出段落之间的联系，以便更深刻地理解文章的内容。

　　3．根据写作手法理解细节

　　说明文中有些细节就是写作手法的体现，而完形填空往往就是针对这些细节进行考查的。所以，考生要学会逆向推理，从正确理解写作手法入手来把握细节。

　　考点1、记叙文

　　例1、(2016·湖北)Zigfried，a little mouse，blew his breath on the frosty window of the farmhouse and rubbed it to see the outside.Still nobody came.Maybe today, he thought__1__.It was only a few days before Christmas and he was watching for a miracle(奇迹)．

　　This farmhouse had been__2__too long.It needed a family.Zigfried's__3__made a noise.He realized that he hadn't eaten anything since yesterday.He jumped from the windowsill(窗沿), grabbed a__4__from his home, and went next door to Farmer Mike's.

　　Farmer Mike's house had been a great place for the little mouse__5__the farmer married a wife who had a cat.Zigfried__6__when he thought of it.He looked around cautiously as he__7__into the room where grain was stored and was quite__8__as he filled his bag with wheat.He was turning to leave when suddenly he__9__a hot breath about his ear.His heart beat__10__，and without thinking he started to run and luckily__11__the cat's paws (爪子)．

　　The next afternoon Zigfried heard some good news: a__12__family would be moving into the farmhouse soon.Zigfried's granny would arrive on Christmas Eve to__13__with him.He hoped that the family would come before his granny came.Before long, a car came__14__the road leading to the house, with butter sandwiches, cheese and chocolate.

　　Zigfried's Christmas miracle did arrive!

　　The house came__15__the next few days.Zigfried__16__every single hour of them.__17__， the day before Christmas when he was drinking hot chocolate with a__18__smile at the door of his home, he heard the__19__of the children of the family about what they might get for Christmas.What? A cat? The__20__froze on his face; his mouth fell wide open.After a long while, he at last found his voice: “Hey! Whose Christmas miracle is this？”

　　1．A.carefully

　　B．excitedly

　　C．hopefully

　　D．proudly

　　2．A.shabby

　　B．noisy

　　C．messy

　　D．empty

　　3．A.mouth

　　B．nose

　　C．stomach

　　D．throat

　　4．A.bag

　　B．stick

　　C．bowl

　　D．coat

　　5．A.although

　　B．until

　　C．whereas

　　D．unless

　　6．A.leapt

　　B．sniffed

　　C．trembled

　　D．withdrew

　　7．A.broke

　　B．marched

　　C．paced

　　D．stole

　　8．A.curious

　　B．nervous

　　C．pitiful

　　D．sensible

　　9．A.took

　　B．released

　　C．felt

　　D．drew

　　10．A.strongly

　　B．irregularly

　　C．slowly

　　D．wildly

　　11．A.escaped

　　B．seized

　　C．rubbed

　　D．scratched

　　12．A.close

　　B．happy

　　C．new

　　D．young

　　13．A.celebrate

　　B．communicate

　　C．compete

　　D．compromise

　　14．A.across

　　B．from

　　C．off

　　D．up

　　15．A.alive

　　B．loose

　　C．open

　　D．still

　　16．A.counted

　　B．enjoyed

　　C．missed

　　D．wasted

　　17．A.However

　　B．Instead

　　C．Moreover

　　D．Therefore

　　18．A.bitter

　　B．forced

　　C．polite

　　D．satisfied

　　19．A.introduction

　　B．discussion

　　C．comment

　　D．debate

　　20．A.blood

　　B．smile

　　C．tear

　　D．sweat

　　考点二、夹叙夹议文

　　(2016·江苏)I used to believe in the American Dream，which meant a job，a mortgage(按揭)，credit cards，success.I wanted it and worked toward it like everyone else，all of us __21__ chasing the same thing.

　　One year，through a series of unhappy events，it all fell __22__.I found myself homeless and alone.I had my truck and $56.I __23__ the countryside for some place I could rent for the __24__ possible amount.I came upon a shabby house four miles up a winding mountain road __25__the Potomac River in West Virginia.It was__26__，full of broken glass and rubbish.I found the owner，rented it，and __27__ a corner to camp in.

　　The locals knew nothing about me，__28__ slowly，they started teaching me the __29__ of being a neighbor.They dropped off blankets，candles，and tools，and began __30__ around to chat.They started to teach me a belief in a __31__ American Dream—not the one of individual achievement but of __32__.

　　What I had believed in，all those things I thought were__33__ for a civilized life，were nonexistent in this place.__34__ on the mountain，my most valuable possessions were my __35__ with my neighbors.

　　Four years later，I moved back into __36__.I saw many people were having a really hard time，__37__ their jobs and homes.I managed to rent a big enough house to __38__ a handful of people.There are four of us now in the house，but over time I've had nine people come in and move on to other places.We'd all be in __39__ if we hadn't banded together.

　　The American Dream I believe in now is a shared one.It's not so much about what I can get for myself；it's about __40__ we can all get by together.

　　【语篇解读】 本文属于夹叙夹议的文体。作者从自己的亲身经历，反映出一个人的梦不是美国梦，所有人的梦才是美国梦，只有大家共同努力才能实现共同的梦想。

　　21．A.separately

　　B．equally

　　C．violently

　　D．naturally

　　22．A.off

　　B．apart

　　C．over

　　D．out

　　23．A.crossed

　　B．left

　　C．toured

　　D．searched

　　24．A.fullest

　　B．largest

　　C．fairest

　　D．cheapest

　　25．A.at

　　B．through

　　C．over

　　D．round

　　26．A.occupied

　　B．abandoned

　　C．emptied

　　D．robbed

　　27．A.turned

　　B．approached

　　C．cleared

　　D．cut

　　28．A.but

　　B．although

　　C．otherwise

　　D．for

　　29．A.benefit

　　B．lesson

　　C．nature

　　D．art

　　30．A.sticking

　　B．looking

　　C．swinging

　　D．turning

　　31．A.wild

　　B．real

　　C．different

　　D．remote

　　32．A.neighborliness

　　B．happiness

　　C．friendliness

　　D．kindness

　　33．A.unique

　　B．expensive

　　C．rare

　　D．necessary

　　34．A.Up

　　B．Down

　　C．Deep

　　D．Along

　　35．A.cooperation

　　B．relationships

　　C．satisfaction

　　D．appointments

　　36．A.reality

　　B．society

　　C．town

　　D．life

　　37．A.creating

　　B．losing

　　C．quitting

　　D．offering

　　38．A.put in

　　B．turn in

　　C．take in

　　D．get in

　　39．A.yards

　　B．shelters

　　C．camps

　　D．cottages

　　40．A.when

　　B．what

　　C．whether

　　D．how

　　考点3、说明文

　　例3、(2016·安徽)If you want to learn a new language, the very first thing to think about is why.Do you need it for a__41__reason, such as your job or your studies？__42__perhaps you're interested in the__43__，films or music of a different country and you know how much it will help to have a__44__of the language.

　　Most people learn best using a variety of__45__， but traditional classes are an ideal(理想的)start for many people.They__46__an environment where you can practice under the __47__ of someone who's good at the language.We all lead __48__ lives and learning a language takes__49__.You will have more success if you study regularly, so try to develop a__50__.It doesn't matter if you haven't got long.Becoming fluent in a language will take years, but learning to get by takes__51__.

　　Many people start learning a language and soon give up.“I'm too__52__，” they say.Yes, children do learn languages more __53__ than adults, but research has shown that you can learn a language at any__54__.And learning is good for the health of your brain, too.I've also heard people__55__ about the mistakes they make when__56__.Well, relax and laugh about your mistakes __57__you're much less likely to make them again.

　　Learning a new language is never __58__.But with some work and devotion, you'll make progress.And you'll be __59__by the positive reaction of some people when you say just a few words in __60__ own language.Good luck!

　　【语篇解读】 该篇文章属于说明文，主要进述了学语言的原因。学好语言的方式：班级授课及经常练习，个人学习语言的态度，即从不放弃，专心致志。

　　41．A.technical

　　B．political

　　C．practical

　　D．physical

　　42．A.After

　　B．So

　　C．Though

　　D．Or

　　43．A.literature

　　B．transport

　　C．agriculture

　　D．medicine

　　44．A.view

　　B．knowledge

　　C．form

　　D．database

　　45．A.paintings

　　B．regulations

　　C．methods

　　D．computers

　　46．A.protect

　　B．change

　　C．respect

　　D．provide

　　47．A.control

　　B．command

　　C．guidance

　　D．pressure

　　48．A.busy

　　B．happy

　　C．simple

　　D．normal

　　49．A.courage

　　B．time

　　C．energy

　　D．place

　　50．A.theory

　　B．business

　　C．routine

　　D．project

　　51．A.some risks

　　B．a lot less

　　C．some notes

　　D．a lot more

　　52．A.old

　　B．nervous

　　C．weak

　　D．tired

　　53．A.closely

　　B．quickly

　　C．privately

　　D．quietly

　　54．A.age

　　B．speed

　　C．distance

　　D．school

　　55．A.worry

　　B．hesitate

　　C．think

　　D．quarrel

　　56．A.singing

　　B．working

　　C．bargaining

　　D．learning

　　57．A.if

　　B．and

　　C．but

　　D．before

　　58．A.tiresome

　　B．hard

　　C．interesting

　　D．easy

　　59．A.blamed

　　B．amazed

　　C．interrupted

　　D．informed

　　60．A.their

　　B．his

　　C．our

　　D．your

　　技巧一　抓住主旨大意

　　【例1】 ...When he asked 11(why) I was paying their bill I felt a little 12(shy) as I tried to cover my feelings.I finally replied，“When I saw that couple I got the feeling that they had to 13(struggle) to get what they've got.So I decided to pay their bill...Now every time I think of the __20__ at the restaurant a smile spreads across my mouth，as I remember how once，I felt a strong desire to give freely to another.”

　　20．A.incident

　　B．service

　　C．joke

　　D．food

　　【例2】 Every morning I continued to watch the man with interest.So far I haven't seen anyone fail to wave back.I find it interesting that one person can make such a(n) difference to so many people's lives by doing one simple thing like waving and smiling warmly.His cheerfulness armed the start of my day.With a friendly wave and smiling face he had changed the __35__ of the whole neighborhood.

　　35．A.trends

　　B．observations

　　C．regulations

　　D．feelings

　　阅读首句可知，本文是一篇记叙文。接下来作者一定要描述有关考试的事情。所以，做题时，一定要依据平常应付考试时的表现和一般心理感受，把词汇锁定在与考试有关的单词或短语上。

　　完形填空虽然篇幅短小，但却是一个完整的语篇。考生一定要在把握全文大意的基础上进行推断，否则很容易背离全文的主题，连续出现错误。故考生在解题过程中切忌就句论句，首先要弄清文章的中心思想。　

　　技巧二　理清细节

　　【例1】 I was born and brought up in the small town of Pineville，which I left at the age of sixteen.Twenty years __1__ I found myself back on a visit.I went to see my __2__ friend Tom Clark，who __3__ as ever，was chairman of the local club.

　　1．A.ago

　　B．later

　　C．earlier

　　D．before

　　2．A.new

　　B．old

　　C．forgotten

　　D．welcome

　　3．A.active

　　B．lazy

　　C．brave

　　D．shy

　　【例2】 Many people who work in London prefer to live outside it，and to go into their offices，factories or schools every day by train，car or bus，even though this means they have to get up __1__ in the morning and reach __2__ later in the evening.

　　1．A.quickly

　　B．early

　　C．earlier

　　D．earliest

　　2．A.home

　　B．family

　　C．flat

　　D．house

　　阅读首句可知，第一篇是一篇记叙文。接下来作者描述自己回到家乡的见闻与感触。因此，做题时，考生把词汇锁定在与家乡见闻有关的单词或短语上。第二篇是一篇说明文，讲解London人的日常学习、工作和生活习惯，要扣住客观需求和自然规律字眼的词汇。　

　　技巧三　重视语篇情感

　　【例1】 Tom was seriously injured in the traffic accident and was taken to the hospital，and his parents were called for.They were very __1__ to hear of the accident and quickly rushed to his __2__.For three days Tom was not able to feel or think and his parents were __3__ that he might die.But on the fourth day Tom __4__ and spoke softly.His parents were __5__.The police by then had followed the owner of the car and caught hold of him at last.

　　1．A.angry

　　B．please

　　C．shocked

　　D．disappointed

　　2．A.school

　　B．home

　　C．hospital

　　D．office

　　3．A.worried

　　B．ready

　　C．confident

　　D．certain

　　4．A.felt sick

　　B．got up

　　C．fell asleep

　　D．woke up

　　5．A.surprised

　　B．calm

　　C．glad

　　D．puzzled

　　几乎每篇完形填空的语境都有一定的褒贬性，这种褒贬性反映了主人公的特定心理状态和情绪以及作者的写作意图。语境题在完形填空题中已占有一半题量，因此，利用好文章的语境关系就能对文章进行准确性地逻辑判断，在理解文意的基础上推断出每一空的准确信息从而确定答案。其具体方法就是认真读原文，找出反映语境的标志性的词汇或句子，并大胆预测下文。　

　　【例2】 Soon after Dave left college，one of his uncles，who was rich and had no children of his own，died and left a lot of money，so he decided to set up his own real estate company.

　　He found a nice office，bought a lot of things to __1__ it，and moved in.He had only been there for a few hours __2__ he heard someone __3__ towards the door of his office.

　　“It's my first visitor！”He thought.He quickly __4__ the telephone up and pretended to be very __5__ answering an important call from someone in New York.

　　【语篇解读】 这是一组典型的词汇搭配题。

　　1．A.supply

　　B．furnish

　　C．fill

　　D．match

　　2．A.and

　　B．then

　　C．when

　　D．suddenly

　　3．A.going

　　B．walking

　　C．approaching

　　D．entering

　　4．A.hung

　　B．answered

　　C．picked

　　D．brought

　　5．A.interested

　　B．active

　　C．busy

　　D．fascinated

　　【例3】 When I graduated from high school...I went __1__ to graduate from the U．S.Naval Academy and later became an officer in the navy.The part of my job I __2__ most was the counseling meeting I __3__ with the family members of the men and women in my __4__，trying to help them deal with the long periods of __5__.These proved popular and word of them spread.

　　【语篇解读】 这5道题均属语境化选择题。段落大意：“我”从美国海军学院毕业后，成为了一名海军军官。这项工作中“我”最喜欢的部分是为“我”负责管理的男女士兵的家人举行咨询会。

　　1．A.out

　　B．on

　　C．away

　　D．off

　　2．A.took

　　B．hated

　　C．enjoyed

　　D．did

　　3．A.ended

　　B．began

　　C．continued

　　D．held

　　4．A.charge

　　B．situation

　　C．position

　　D．choice

　　5．A.lessons

　　B．meeting

　　C．training

　　D．separation

　　高考完形填空题中有少量的试题来考查习惯搭配。该题型难度中等，但使考生容易丢分，其原因是考生只注重语义，而忽略了词汇的习惯搭配，所以考生在准确把握语境的同时，更要注意所要填入的名词，形容词，动词与空格前面或后面的词汇的习惯搭配，尤其要注意介词或副词的搭配关系。　

　　技巧四　判断行文逻辑

　　【例1】 In the depth of my memory，many things I did with my father still live.These things have come to represent，in fact，what I call ______ and love.

　　A．desire

　　B．joy

　　C．anger

　　D．worry

　　【例2】 After the discovery，scientists returned to the forest and __1__ some hair and measured footprints.About 20 inches appears to be the animals' foot！Chinese scientists have now set up a special group to exchange information and make a __2__ of the forest.But in the meantime，some people __3__ to believe that this half－man，half－monkey exists.They will not believe that it is __4__ until one of the animals has been caught.

　　【语篇解读】 考查逻辑判断。

　　1．A.cut

　　B．pulled

　　C．collected

　　D．tore

　　2．A.film

　　B．tour

　　C．choice

　　D．study

　　3．A.come

　　B．refuse

　　C．prefer

　　D．have

　　4．A.wrong

　　B．alive

　　C．real

　　D．correct

　　逻辑关系是指表达结构特定，意思密切相连，语气一致的词组或句子组成的语言现象，其形式整齐匀称，内容联系紧密，进一步表达出语言的中心内涵。　

　　技巧五　巧用文化背景

　　【例1】 The real marathon(a long－distance running race of 42.195km)in my town usually occurs during a heat wave.My job was to follow behind the runners in an ambulance __1__ any of them needed medical attention.

　　“We're supposed to stay behind the __2__ runner，so take it slowly，”I said to the driver，Doug，as the race started.

　　The front－runners started to __3__ and then my eyes were __4__ to the woman in blue silk running shorts and a loose white T－shirt.

　　We knew we were already watching our“last runner”．Her __5__ were so crippled that it seemed almost impossible for her to be able to walk，let along run a marathon.

　　【语篇解读】 这是一组典型的文化背景常识考查题。

　　1．A.so that

　　B．in case

　　C．even though

　　D．only if

　　2．A.first

　　B．best

　　C．only

　　D．last

　　3．A.run

　　B．separate

　　C．disappear

　　D．appear

　　4．A.drawn

　　B．thrown

　　C．fixed

　　D．caught

　　5．A.hands

　　B．legs

　　C．arms

　　D．body

　　完形填空题基本上都是独立的语篇，它提供了完整的语言信息，其中有时夹杂着社会知识，自然知识或风俗习惯等常识知识。考生在解答时，要积极地运用自己所掌握的文化背景知识和生活常识，特别是注意中西文化的差异，将会大大简化复杂的分析与判断过程，节省宝贵的时间，顺利的解答试题。　

　　技巧六　夯实语法词汇

　　【例1】 At first his ______ did not get across.“What was he walking about！”Then I got it.I had set my trays on his wife's orthopedic walker.I stood frozen as ice，but my face was on fire.I wanted to get into a hole and hide.

　　A．idea

　　B．praise

　　C．message

　　D．need

　　【例2】 It is always ressuring at times like these，when employees so clearly show their ______ to their jobs.

　　A．devotion

　　B．donation

　　C．connection

　　D．reaction

　　【例3】 “Why not put the egg in a basket with a parachute ________？”Cassie rolled her eyes.“The parachute is better that stupid idea.”

　　A．followed

　　B．covered

　　C．attached

　　D．supported

　　【例4】 A mining engineer enjoyed flying very much.One day，he was flying his own plane over a lonely island when a __1__ storm came，so he was __2__ to make a forced landing.The plane was in good __3__ but his legs and shoulder got __4__ hurt.After getting out of the plane with great __5__，he found nothing but high green hills __6__ the place.He lay there expecting to die.

　　【语篇解读】 这是一组典型的语境判断和词汇运用题。

　　1．A.quick

　　B．wonderful

　　C．heavy

　　D．sudden

　　2．A.ordered

　　B．forbidden

　　C．permitted

　　D．obliged

　　3．A.condition

　　B．relation

　　C．action

　　D．speed

　　4．A.slightly

　　B．seriously

　　C．hardly

　　D．luckily

　　5．A.pleasure

　　B．attention

　　C．difficulty

　　D．achievement

　　6．A.covering

　　B．wrapping

　　C．holding

　　D．surrounding

　　【例5】 “I was looking ______ thinking of what to buy，and I stopped to read the little cards on the ‘Giving Trees’”．

　　A．out

　　B．over

　　C．forward

　　D．around

　　【例6】 I knew she had strict sleeping habits，but I thought she ought to be able to ______ some of this strictness.

　　A．put up

　　B．take up

　　C．pick up

　　D．give up

　　短语动词在完形填空题中是比较常见的，占有一定的比例。这类短语有两种考查方式：一种是四个选项中只有一个搭配是正确的；另一种是四个选项的搭配不止一个正确，这时考生须借助上下文的意思作出适当的判断。但有时介词的搭配也少不了。　

　　技巧七　学会逻辑推理

　　四个选项从词汇搭配，语法角度考虑均行得通，但由于文章是一个完整的统一体，词，句，段三者存在着内在逻辑关系，此时需要从上下文中寻找有关的提示或暗示，对文章的情节进行逻辑推理，抓住关键信息，理顺句与句之间的关系，确定合理的答案。

　　【例1】 When the Red Cross started blood banks to collect and store blood for men wounded in battle，black American gave blood along with the whites.At first their blood was not accepted.Later blood from the blacks was ______ but was stored in a separate place from “white”blood.

　　A．received

　　B．accepted

　　C．lost

　　D．found

　　【例2】 It seems your tray stand has been very useful to you，but we are getting ready to leave now，and my wife needs her ______ back.

　　A．bag

　　B．walker

　　C．tray

　　D．coat

　　【例3】 I never felt so ______ as I did that day，...poor.

　　A．angry

　　B．rich

　　C．patient

　　D．bitter

　　同义词，近义词，反义词是借助意思相同，相近或相反的表达方式或解释性语言使上下文的意思得以连接起来。因此，做题时，应充分注意分析上下文中出现的解释性语言。　

　　【例4】 “I have a brilliant design for our egg container！A protective one！”I said when Cassie arrived.“We can ______ the egg with some butter cream.”

　　A．protect

　　B．replace

　　C．carry

　　D．mix

　　对于上下文意思复现的表达，可以借助于复现信息的同根词来补全信息，巧妙运用词汇复现，轻松选择判断。　

　　【例5】 What is the __1__ of studying towns in this way？For me，it is __2__ that one gets a greater depth of pleasure by visiting and seeing a town with one's own eyes.A __3__ visit to a town may help one better understand why it is attractive __4__ just reading about it in a guide book.

　　1．A.point

　　B．view

　　C．problem

　　D．difficulty

　　2．A.nearly

　　B．simply

　　C．generally

　　D．hardly

　　3．A.costly

　　B．formal

　　C．group

　　D．personal

　　4．A.from

　　B．than

　　C．through

　　D．with

　　【例6】 I spent my childhood near the sea watching the ships，large and small，go in and out of the harbour.At the age of eighteen I __1__ home to take a job on a passenger __2__ that sailed between San Francisco and Yokohama.I was __3__ about my new adventure and a little afraid，too.For over a year，I __4__ the Pacific on the Rosa.The brilliant blue waters were __5__ in the sunlight，under stormy skies the angry __6__ became dark，dangerous and exciting.I __7__ the sea—both when it was quiet and when it was violent.__8__，I knew it was the life for me.

　　1．A.left

　　B．went

　　C．landed

　　D．forgot

　　2．A.bus

　　B．ship

　　C．plane

　　D．train

　　3．A.worried

　　B．narrow

　　C．excited

　　D．sure

　　4．A.struck

　　B．imagined

　　C．remarked

　　D．sailed

　　5．A.shallow

　　B．terrifying

　　C．irregular

　　D．beautiful

　　6．A.situation

　　B．gains

　　C．waters

　　D．management

　　7．A.hated

　　B．loved

　　C．improved

　　D．greeted

　　8．A.In the end

　　B．What's more

　　C．That's to say

　　D．From the beginning

　　考查综合运用英语知识能力的试题，其主要考查考生对上下文的精细的理解和缜密地逻辑判断能力。一般利用文中的首句，就能抓住文章的主旨文意并进行合乎逻辑的推理判断，从而正确推断出文章的隐含的信息。　

　　一、

　　Kurt Muller and his wife Rita have spent eleven years making __3__ for the homeless of Berlin，Germany's capital.They first __4__ one long hot summer when most Germans were __5__ on holiday.Kurt and his wife stayed at home，made sandwiches，__6__ a table in the street and gave food to the homeless.

　　The Mullers soon realised that food and clothing weren't __7__.“What these people also need is warmth and __8__，”says Rita.The Mullers didn't __9__ to give their phone number to the street people and told them to phone anytime.Rita __10__ there was somebody at home to answer the phone and their home was always __11__ to anyone who couldn't face another night on the street.

　　The couple were soon __12__ all their time and money，so Kurt visited food and clothing companies to __13__ donations.Today，over thirty companies __14__ donate food and other goods to the cause and volunteers help to __15__ them to the homeless.The public also give clothes and money and a shoe producer __16__ new shoes.

　　Kurt and Rita receive no __17__ for their hard work.“We feel like parents，”says Rita，“and parents shouldn't __18__ money for helping their children.The love we get on the streets is our salary.”Though Rita admits she often gets __19__，she says she will continue with her work because she likes the feeling of having made a __20__ in the world.

　　【语篇解读】 本文是记叙文。“无家可归的人”不只在发展中国家存在，在德国这样的发达国家同样存在。本文讲述了Kurt Muller夫妇如何在德国为“无家可归的人”提高各种各样的帮助，及如何向公司及公众发起为“无家可归的人”进行捐赠活动的事迹。　

　　1．A.result

　　B．truth

　　C．reason

　　D．idea

　　2．A.traditional

　　B．developing

　　C．typical

　　D．wealthy

　　3．A.preparations

　　B．houses

　　C．meals

　　D．suggestions

　　4．A.began

　　B．met

　　C．called

　　D．left

　　5．A.asleep

　　B．alone

　　C．across

　　D．away

　　6．A.brought up

　　B．set up

　　C．put aside

　　D．gave away

　　7．A.enough

　　B．necessary

　　C．helpful

　　D．expensive

　　8．A.fame

　　B．freedom

　　C．courage

　　D．caring

　　9．A.hesitate

　　B．agree

　　C．pretend

　　D．intend

　　10．A.made sense

　　B．found out

　　C．made sure

　　D．worked out

　　11．A.open

　　B．crowded

　　C．noisy

　　D．near

　　12．A.costing

　　B．wasting

　　C．taking

　　D．spending

　　13．A.pay for

　　B．ask for

　　C．look into

　　D．carry out

　　答案　B

　　14．A.completely

　　B．calmly

　　C．regularly

　　D．roughly

　　15．A.advertise

　　B．sell

　　C．deliver

　　D．lend

　　16．A.donates

　　B．produces

　　C．designs

　　D．collects

　　17．A.permission

　　B．payment

　　C．direction

　　D．support

　　18．A.borrow

　　B．raise

　　C．save

　　D．expect

　　19．A.surprised

　　B．excited

　　C．tired

　　D．amused

　　20．A.profit

　　B．difference

　　C．decision

　　D．rule

　　二、

　　When I settled in Chicago，my new city seemed so big and unfriendly.Then I had a __21__ problem and had to go to hospital for a __22__ examination.

　　It seemed a small __23__ compared to the one I was about to face，but things started to go __24__ right from the beginning.Not having a car or __25__ the city，I was depending on a couple of buses to get me from A to B．__26__ I'd left myself plenty of time，soon it was __27__ I was going to be late，as I had mistakenly boarded a bus that was taking me in the __28__ direction.

　　I __29__ the bus and stood on the pavement not knowing what to do.I looked into the eyes of a __30__，who was trying to get past me.__31__，instead of moving on，she stopped to ask if I was __32__.After I explained my __33__ to her，she pointed to a bus stop across the street，where a bus would take me back into the city to my __34__.Sitting there waiting，I felt __35__ that someone had been willing to help.__36__，hearing a horn(喇叭)nearby，I looked up to see a car with my new friend __37__ at me to get in.She had returned to offer me a __38__ to the hospital.

　　Such unexpected __39__ from a passer－by was a lovely gift to receive.As I climbed out of the car at the hospital and turned to thank her，she smiled and told me not to lose __40__，for all things are possible.

　　【语篇解读】 本文为夹叙夹议文。作者叙述了刚到芝加哥时去医院进行体检的一次经历：就在因为坐错了车感到彷徨无助之际，一个陌生人主动提出送他去医院，这让作者感动不已。作者向这位“新朋友”表达感谢时，这位朋友笑着说：不要失去信心，因为一切皆有可能。

　　21．A.physical

　　B．traveling

　　C．social

　　D．housing

　　22．A.scientific

　　B．final

　　C．previous

　　D．thorough

　　23．A.chance

　　B．challenge

　　C．success

　　D．error

　　24．A.wrong

　　B．easy

　　C．fast

　　D．ahead

　　25．A.leaving

　　B．visiting

　　C．knowing

　　D．appreciating

　　26．A.Although

　　B．Since

　　C．Unless

　　D．Once

　　27．A.strange

　　B．necessary

　　C．obvious

　　D．important

　　28．A.same

　　B．right

　　C．general

　　D．opposite

　　29．A.looked at

　　B．waited for

　　C．got off

　　D．ran into

　　30.A.driver

　　B．friend

　　C．stranger

　　D．gentleman

　　31．A.Especially

　　B．Surprisingly

　　C．Probably

　　D．Normally

　　32．A.nervous

　　B．excited

　　C．OK

　　D．dangerous

　　33．A.idea

　　B．motivation

　　C．excuse

　　D．situation

　　34．A.appointment

　　B．apartment

　　C．direction

　　D．station

　　35．A.afraid

　　B．grateful

　　C．certain

　　D．disappointed

　　36．A.Thus

　　B．Then

　　C．Perhaps

　　D．Surely

　　37．A.staring

　　B．laughing

　　C．waving

　　D．shouting

　　38．A.lift

　　B．suggestion

　　C．bike

　　D．guidebook

　　39．A.results

　　B．news

　　C．kindness

　　D．appearance

　　40．A.power

　　B．faith

　　C．touch

　　D．support