2016高考英语考纲解读及热点演练：13 特殊句式

　　特殊句式比较杂乱，掌握起来有一定的难度。其中倒装句是高考的热点，强调句是高考的难点。同时，祈使句与陈述句的区别、省略与替代的合理运用也是高考考查的重点项目。近三年的高考题更加注重考查知识之间的交叉现象，如在考查强调句的同时考查定语从句，把省略、强调句与时间状语从句、地点状语从句的考查等融合在一起，考查考生综合把握语言知识的能力。

　　1．(2016·福建，34)Not until he went through real hardship ________ the love we have for our families is important.

　　A．had he realized

　　B．did he realize

　　C．he realized

　　D．he had realized

　　2．(2016·湖南，35)Not once________to Michael that he could one day become a top student in his class.

　　A．occurred it

　　B．it did occur

　　C．it occurred

　　D．did it occur

　　3．(2016·江苏，27)“Never for a second，”the boy says，“________that my father would come to my rescue.”

　　A．I doubted

　　B．do I doubt

　　C．I have doubted

　　D．did I doubt

　　4．(2016·江西，25)Only when he apologizes for his rudeness ________ to him again.

　　A．I will speak

　　B．will I speak

　　C．do I speak

　　D．I speak

　　5．(2016·辽宁，26)At no time________the rules of the game.It was unfair to punish them.

　　A．they actually broke

　　B．do they actually break

　　C．did they actually break

　　D．they had actually broken

　　6．(2016·新课标Ⅱ，12)Only by increasing the number of doctors by 50 percent________properly in this hospital.

　　A．can be the patients

　　B．can the patients be treated

　　C．the patients can be treated

　　D．treated can be the patients

　　7．(2016·天津，11)It was not until near the end of the letter________she mentioned her own plan.

　　A．that

　　B．where

　　C．why

　　D．when

　　8．(2016·新课标Ⅱ，10)It was only after he had read the papers________Mr.Gross realized the task before him was extremely difficult to complete.

　　A．when

　　B．that

　　C．which

　　D．what

　　9．(2016·重庆，27)It was with the help of the local guide ________ the mountain climber was rescued.

　　A．who

　　B．that

　　C．when

　　D．how

　　10．(2016·湖南，30)Every day________a proverb aloud several times until you have it memorized.

　　A．read

　　B．reading

　　C．to read

　　D．reads

　　【例1】 Never before ________ seen anybody who can play tennis as well as Robert.　

　　A．had she

　　B．she had

　　C．has she

　　D．she has

　　【例2】 Only after Mary read her composition the second time ________ the spelling mistake.

　　A．did she notice

　　B．she noticed

　　C．does she notice

　　D．she has noticed

　　【例3】 For a moment nothing happened.Then ________ all shouting together.

　　A．voices had come

　　B．came voices

　　C．voices would come

　　D．did voices come

　　答案　B

　　1．—It's nice.Never before ________ such a special drink!

　　—I'm glad you like it.

　　A．I have had

　　B．I had

　　C．have I had

　　D．had I

　　2． Not until he left his home ________ to know how important the family was for him.

　　A．did he begin

　　B．had he begun

　　C．he began

　　D．he had begun

　　3．Little ________ about her own safety，though she was in great danger herself.

　　A．did Rose care

　　B．Rose did care

　　C．Rose does care

　　D．does Rose care

　　完全倒装与部分倒装

　　(1)完全倒装：当状语here，there，down，up，now，out，off等方位副词或介词短语in the room，on the way等置于句首时，句子全部倒装，但当主语是代词时，主谓不倒装。

　　(2)部分倒装：

　　①only修饰副词、介词短语、状语从句，且放在句首时；

　　②否定词、半否定词never，nor，neither，hardly，seldom，little等置于句首时；

　　③so/nor/neither＋助动词或情态动词＋主语，表示也(不)……；

　　④So＋adj./adv.＋助动词或情态动词＋主语that...

　　⑤Not only...，but also...连接句子时，Not only后是主谓倒装，but also后是正常语序。　

　　【例4】 It was not until I came here ________ I realized this place was famous for not only its beauty but also its weather.

　　A．who

　　B．that

　　C．where

　　D．before

　　【例5】 If you have a job，________ yourself to it and finally you'll succeed.

　　A．do devote

　　B．don't devote

　　C．devoting

　　D．not devoting

　　4． It is not how much we do but how much love we put into what we do ________ benefits our work most.

　　A．who

　　B．which

　　C．that

　　D．what

　　5．—Have you seen the film Under the Hawthorn Tree?

　　—Of course，I have.It was in our village ________ it was made.

　　A．that

　　B．where

　　C．when

　　D．which

　　6． It was from only a few supplies that she had bought in the village ________ the hostess cooked such a nice dinner.

　　A．where

　　B．that

　　C．when

　　D．which

　　1．被强调部分是人时，连接词that/who；非人时，用that。

　　2．特殊疑问词＋is/was＋it＋that/who＋其他部分。

　　3．含not...until...的强调句型为：It is/was not until＋被强调的部分＋that/who＋其他部分。

　　4．把句子中的“It is/was...that/who”去掉之后，句子依然成立，就是强调句，否则就不是强调句。

　　5．如果需要强调谓语，应用助动词do，does或did。　

　　【例6】 There is little doubt in your mind that he is innocent，________？

　　A．is there

　　B．isn't there

　　C．is he

　　D．isn't he

　　【例7】 I told them not everybody could run as fast as you did，________？

　　A．could he

　　B．didn't I

　　C．didn't you

　　D．could they

　　【例8】 He must be helping the old man to water the flowers，________？

　　A．is he

　　B．isn't he

　　C．must be

　　D．mustn't he

　　7．You and I could hardly work together，________？

　　A．could you

　　B．couldnt' I

　　C．couldn't we

　　D．could we

　　8．It's the first time that he has been to Australia，________？

　　A．isn't he

　　B．hasn't he

　　C．isn't it

　　D．hasn't it

　　9．—Goodbye，John.Come back again sometime.

　　—Sure，________.

　　A．I did

　　B．I do

　　C．I shall

　　D．I will

　　反意疑问句的特殊情况

　　(1)含must的反意疑问句。当must意为“必须”时，反意疑问部分用needn't；当mustn't为“不允许，禁止”时，反意疑问部分用must/may；当must表推测时，反意疑问部分的动词形式根据其后面的动词及其句子的时间状语确定。

　　(2)含宾语从句的反意疑问句。反意疑问部分一般与主句保持一致，但是当主句是I think，I believe，I expect，I imagine，I suppose等时，反意疑问部分与宾语从句保持一致。　

　　【例9】 Walmart，which is one of the largest American supermarket chains，________ some of its stores open 24 hours on Mondays through Saturdays.

　　A．keeps

　　B．keep

　　C．have kept

　　D．had kept

　　【例10】 All the scientific evidence ________ that increasing use of chemicals in farming ________ damaging our health.

　　A．show；are

　　B．shows；are

　　C．show；is

　　D．shows；is

　　【例11】 The basketball coach，as well as his team，________ interviewed shortly after the match for their outstanding performance.

　　A．were

　　B．was

　　C．is

　　D．are

　　10．One－third of the country ________ covered with trees and the majority of the citizens ________ black people.

　　A．is；are

　　B．is；is

　　C．are；are

　　D．are；is

　　11． The fact that so many people still smoke in public places ________ that we may need a nationwide campaign to raise awareness of the risks of smoking.

　　A．suggest

　　B．suggests

　　C．suggested

　　D．suggesting

　　12．—Why does the lake smell terrible?

　　—Because large quantities of water ________.

　　A．have polluted

　　B．is being polluted

　　C．has been polluted

　　D．have been polluted

　　【归纳总结】

　　“主谓一致”三原则

　　(1)语法一致原则

　　主语和谓语通常在语法形式上一致，即主语是单数形式，谓语动词也采用单数形式；主语是复数形式，谓语动词也采用复数形式。

　　(2)意义一致原则

　　意义一致原则是指从意义着眼来解决主谓一致问题。有时主语形式上为单数，但意义上却是复数，那么谓语根据意义也用复数形式；而有时主语形式上为复数，但意义上却是单数，那么谓语根据意义亦用单数形式。如有些集合名词，如public，goverment，family，class，team，group等。

　　(3)就近原则

　　就近原则是指谓语动词的人称和数常常与其邻近的名词或代词保持一致。常出现在这类句子中的有or，either...or，neither...nor，not only...but also，not... but等。　

　　【例1】 ________ a strange plant！I've never seen it before.

　　A．Which

　　B．What

　　C．How

　　D．Whether

　　【例】 It sounds like something is wrong with the car's engine.________，we'd better take it to the garage immediately.

　　A．Otherwise

　　B．If not

　　C．But for that

　　D．If so

　　【例】 ________ a certain doubt among the people as to the practical value of the project.

　　A．It has

　　B．They have

　　C．It remains

　　D．There remains

　　【例】 —What's the matter with Della?

　　—Well，her parents wouldn't allow her to go to the party，but she still ________.

　　A．hopes to

　　B．hopes so

　　C．hopes not

　　D．hopes for

　　1． he shocking news made me realize ________ terrible problems we would face.

　　A．what

　　B．how

　　C．that

　　D．why

　　2．—Who should be responsible for the accident?

　　—The boss，not the workers.They just carried out the order ________.

　　A．as told

　　B．as are told

　　C．as telling

　　D．as they told

　　．—Have you got any particular plans for the coming holiday?

　　—Yes.________，I'm going to visit some homes for the old in the city.

　　A．If ever

　　B．If busy

　　C．If anything

　　D．If possible

　　省略

　　(1)状语从句的省略

　　一般说来状语从句的省略现象多出现在下列五种状语从句中：

　　③由though，although，even if，whatever等引导的让步状语从句。

　　④由as...as...，than等引导的比较状语从句。

　　⑤由as，as if，as though等引导的方式状语从句。

　　(2)不定式的省略

　　在特定的语境中，可单独使用不定式符号to，省略动词不定式符号to后面的内容。

　　(3)一些特殊省略句式

　　①possible/necessary与if，when，where，whenever，wherever连用时常采用省略形式。

　　②why/why not句式。why/why not常跟动词原形，用来询问为什么或为什么不。　1．—Did Linda see the traffic accident?

　　—No，no sooner ________ than it happened.

　　A．had she gone

　　B．she had gone

　　C．has she gone

　　D．she has gone2．It was last night ________ I saw the comet.

　　A．the time

　　B．when

　　C．that

　　D．which

　　3．I don't mind her criticizing me，but ________ is how she does it that I object to.

　　A．it

　　B．that

　　C．this

　　D．which

　　4．—I didn't go to see the doctor yesterday.

　　—But you ________.

　　A．ought

　　B．ought to

　　C．ought to be

　　D．ought to have

　　5．Every evening after dinner，if not ________ from work，I will spend some time walking my dog.

　　A．being tired

　　B．tiring

　　C．tired

　　D．to be tired

　　6．He jumped at the opportunity when he saw the advertisement in a newspaper，because barely ________ make ends meet.

　　A．he could

　　B．could he

　　C．he couldn't

　　D．couldn't he

　　7．Either you or one of your students ________ to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.

　　A．are

　　B．is

　　C．have

　　D．be

　　8．Both of you claim you are right.In fact，either you or he ________ wrong.

　　A．are

　　B．is

　　C．were

　　D．was

　　9．Either the Greek or the Australian ________ the boxing competition.

　　A．have won

　　B．has won

　　C．are won

　　D．is won

　　10．Playing football and watching TV ________ both interesting.

　　A．were

　　B．was

　　C．are

　　D．is