2016高考英语考纲解读及热点演练：12 名词性从句

　　名词性从句是高考常考的语法项目，主要考查对连接词的正确把握。分析历年各地的高考试题不难发现，连接代词what的用法是考查的热点。另外，在同位语从句中，经常考查that的用法。除此之外，其他连接词的用法以及从句的语序也时有考查。

　　1．(2016·北京，31)________makes the book so extraordinary is the creative imagination of the writer.

　　A．That

　　B．What

　　C．Who

　　D．Which

　　2．(2016·湖南，28)Do not let any failures discourage you, for you can never tell______close you may be to victory.

　　A．how

　　B．that

　　C．which

　　D．where

　　3．(2016·江西，30)________ one of you breaks the window will have to pay for it.

　　A．Whoever

　　B．Whatever

　　C．Whichever

　　D．Wherever

　　4．(2016·山东，30)It's good to know________the dogs will be well cared for while we're away.

　　A．what

　　B．whose

　　C．which

　　D．that

　　5．(2016·陕西，20)It remains to be seen ________ the newly formed committee's policy can be put into practice.

　　A．that

　　B．which

　　C．what

　　D．whether

　　6．(2016·天津，15)________I want to tell you is the deep love and respect I have for my parents.

　　A．That

　　B．Which

　　C．Whether

　　D．What

　　7．(2016·新课标Ⅰ，26)Police have found________appears to be the lost ancient statue.

　　A．which

　　B．where

　　C．how

　　D．what

　　8．(2016·浙江，16) The only way to succeed at the highest level is to have total belief ________ you are better than anyone else on the sports field.

　　A．how

　　B．that

　　C．which

　　D．whether

　　9．(2016·安徽，21)From space, the earth looks blue.This is ________about seventy－one percent of its surface is covered by water.

　　A．why

　　B．how

　　C．because

　　D．whether

　　10．(2016·四川，6)________you said at the meeting describes a bright future for the company.

　　A．When

　　B．How

　　C．What

　　D．That

　　that与 what”

　　【例1】 It is by no means clear ________ the president can do to end the strike.　

　　A．how

　　B．which

　　C．that

　　D．what

　　【例2】 His writing is so confusing that it's difficult to make out ________ it is he is trying to express.

　　A．that

　　B．how

　　C．who

　　D．what

　　【例3】 Before the problem can be solved，it must be obvious ________ the problem itself is.A．what

　　B．that

　　C．which

　　D．why

　　1．________ seems to be a strong competition in China for senior high students to enter universities does exist in other countries as well.

　　A．It

　　B．Which

　　C．What

　　D．That

　　2．Meals in Spain are quite different from ________ they have in China.

　　A．which

　　B．what

　　C．that

　　D．whom

　　3．Believe it or not，I'm sure that is ________ people call the six sense.

　　A．when

　　B．what

　　C．which

　　D．why

　　that用于定语从句、宾语从句，what用于宾语从句、主语从句。做题时，首先通过分析句子结构来确定是什么类型的从句；其次看从句中缺哪种成分，缺主语或宾语就考虑用代词what，who，whatever，whoever等，否则就考虑用副词。若不缺少任何句子成分就用that。　

　　whether”

　　【例4】 It doesn't matter ________ you pay by cash or credit card in this store.

　　A．how

　　B．whether

　　C．what

　　D．why

　　【例5】 We've offered her the job，but I don't know ________ she'll accept it.

　　A．where

　　B．what

　　C．whether

　　D．which

　　【例6】 The limits of a person's intelligence，generally speaking，are fixed at birth，but ________ he reaches these limits will depend on his environment.

　　A．where

　　B．whether

　　C．that

　　D．why

　　4．It is still under discussion ________ the old bus station should be replaced with a modern hotel or not.

　　A．whether

　　B．when

　　C．which

　　D．where

　　5． At first he hated the new job but decided to give himself a few months to see ________ it got any better.

　　A．when

　　B．how

　　C．why

　　D．if

　　只用whether不用if的情况：

　　whether与if在作“是否”的意思讲时在下列情况下一般只能用whether，不用if：

　　a．引导主语从句并放在句首时，用whether；

　　b．引导表语从句时，用whether；

　　c．引导宾语从句并作介词宾语时，用whether；

　　d．从句后有“or not”时，用whether；

　　e．后接动词不定式时，用whether。　

　　【例7】I made a promise to myself ________ this year，my first year in high school，would be different.

　　A．whether

　　B．what

　　C．that

　　D．how

　　【例8】 The notice came around two in the afternoon ________ the meeting would be postponed.

　　A．when

　　B．that

　　C．whether

　　D．how

　　【例9】 Modern science has given clear evidence ________ smoking can lead to many diseases.

　　A．what

　　B．which

　　C．that

　　D．where

　　6．________ was known to us all that Johnson had broken his promise ________ he would give each of us a small gift.

　　A．As；which

　　B．What；that

　　C．It；that

　　D．It；which

　　7． When the news came ________ the war broke out，he decided，to serve in the army.

　　A．since

　　B．which

　　C．that

　　D．because

　　8．Have you noticed the problem ________ he is now in low spirits？________ come?

　　A．where；What

　　B．that；How

　　C．in which；For

　　D．what；As

　　连接代词that引导的同位语从句与关系代词that引导的定语从句的区别

　　连接代词that引导同位语从句时，应放在某些抽象名词如news，word(消息)，idea，fact，hope，desire，thought等之后，对前面的名词起补充说明的作用，连接代词that只起引导同位语从句的作用，在从句中不担当任何成分，因此that引导的同位语从句是完整的，不缺任何成分。

　　关系代词that引导定语从句时，关系代词that一方面起引导定语从句的作用，另一方面，that在定语从句中担当主语、宾语或表语。因此，that引导的定语从句是残缺的。如：

　　The news that our football team won the match was encouraging.(同位语从句，不缺任何成分)

　　我们的足球队赢了比赛的消息令人鼓舞。

　　The news(that)we heard on the radio was not true.(定语从句，缺少宾语)

　　我们在收音机里听到的那个消息不是真的。　

　　【例10】 It suddenly occurred to him ________ he had left his keys in the office.

　　A．whether

　　B．where

　　C．which

　　D．that

　　【例11】 ________ was most important to her，she told me，was her family.

　　A．It

　　B．This

　　C．What

　　D．As

　　9． It doesn't matter ________ you turn right or left at the crossing—both roads lead to the park.

　　A．whether

　　B．how

　　C．if

　　D．when

　　10．It was never clear ________ the man hadn't reported the accident sooner.

　　A．that

　　B．how

　　C．when

　　D．why

　　11．________ wants to stay in a hotel has to pay their own way.

　　A．Anyone

　　B．The one

　　C．Whoever

　　D．Who

　　1．引导词

　　(1)从属连词作引导词：that，whether，if。

　　(2)连接代词作引导词：what，who，which，whatever，whoever。

　　(3)连接副词作引导词：how，when，where，why

　　that在句中无词义，只起连接作用；连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义，又起连接作用，在从句中充当从句的成分。例如：

　　What he wants to tell us is not clear.

　　他要跟我们说什么，还不清楚。

　　2．有时为避免句子头重脚轻，常用it代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首，而把主语从句置于句末。常用句型

　　注意：在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等语气时，谓语动词要用虚拟语气“(should)＋do”，常用的句型有：

　　It is necessary(important，natural，strange，etc.)that(should)＋do...

　　It is suggested(requested，proposed，desired，etc.)that(should)＋do...　

　　【例12】 As many as five courses are provided，and you are free to choose ________ suits you best.

　　A．whatever

　　B．whichever

　　C．whenever

　　D．wherever

　　【例13】 The shocking news made me realize ________ terrible problems we would face.

　　A．what

　　B．how

　　C．that

　　D．why

　　【例14】 His writing is so confusing that it's difficult to make out ________ it is he is trying to express.

　　A．that

　　B．how

　　C．who

　　D．what

　　12．The newcomer went to the library the other day and searched for ________ he could find about Mark Twain.

　　A．wherever

　　B．however

　　C．whatever

　　D．whichever

　　13．We promise ________ attends the party a chance to have a photo taken with the movie star.

　　A．who

　　B．whom

　　C．whoever

　　D．whomever

　　14． Scientists study ________ human brains work to make computers.

　　A．when

　　B．how

　　C．that

　　D．whether

　　1．that通常不可省略的情况

　　(1)主语从句中，that从句置于句首时；

　　(2)当一个句子有两个或多个并列的宾语从句时，引导第二和以后几个从句的that不可省略；

　　(3)由it作形式宾语时，that引导的宾语从句中，that也不可省略。

　　2．wh－ever与no matter wh－的用法区别

　　wh－ever既可引导名词性从句，又可引导让步状语从句；而no matter wh－只能引导让步状语从句。如：

　　Whatever I said，he wouldn't listen to me.

　　＝No matter what I said，he wouldn't listen to me.

　　无论我说什么，他都不会听我的。(让步状语从句)

　　He would believe whatever I said.

　　我说什么他都信。(宾语从句)

　　另外，在whoever，whatever，whenever，wherever中，ever起强调作用，意为“究竟、到底”。如：

　　Wherever have you been？你究竟去了哪里？　

　　【例1】 I'd like to start my own business—that's ________ I'd do if I had the money.

　　A．why

　　B．when

　　C．which

　　D．what

　　【例】 I'm afraid he's more of a talker than a doer，which is ________ he never finishes anything.

　　A．that

　　B．when

　　C．where

　　D．why

　　【例】 Part of the reason Charles Dickens loved his own novel，David Copperfield，was ________ it was rather closely modeled on his own life.

　　A．what

　　B．that

　　C．why

　　D．whether

　　【变式探究】

　　1．—I prefer shutting myself in and listening to music all day on Sundays.

　　—That's ________ I don't agree.You should have a more active life.

　　A．where

　　B．how

　　C．when

　　D．what

　　．The last time we had great fun was ________ we were visiting the Water Park.

　　A．where

　　B．how

　　C．when

　　D．why

　　．Engines are to machines ________ hearts are to animals.

　　A．as

　　B．that

　　C．what

　　D．which

　　1．引导词有连词that(that不可省)，whether；代词有who，whom，what，which；副词when，where，how，why等。如：

　　The problem is that we didn't get in touch with him.

　　注意：①当主语是reason时，表语从句要用that引导而不是because。例如：

　　The reason why he was late was that he missed the train this morning.

　　②whether可引导表语从句，但与之同义的if却通常不用于引导表语从句。1．After three hours'climbing，they reached ________ they thought was the place they'd been dreaming of.

　　A．what

　　B．which

　　C．where

　　D．that

　　2．A plan has been put forward ________ more graduates should go to work in the country.

　　A．when

　　B．that

　　C．whether

　　D．how

　　3．It is pretty well understood ________ controls the flow of carbon dioxide in and out the atmosphere today.

　　A．that

　　B．when

　　C．what

　　D．how

　　4．—You can't imagine ________ fantastic fun online chatting is.

　　—Really？But it may cause a lot of trouble sometimes.

　　A．what

　　B．how

　　C．why

　　D．so

　　5．________ made the school proud was ________ more than 90% of the students had been admitted to key universities.

　　A．What；because

　　B．What；that

　　C．That；what

　　D．That；because

　　6．It is generally considered unwise to give a child ________ he or she wants.

　　A．however

　　B．whatever

　　C．whichever

　　D．whenever

　　7．—I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.

　　—Is that ________ you had a few days off?

　　A．why

　　B．when

　　C．that

　　D．where

　　8．It was a matter of ________ would take the position.

　　A．who

　　B．whoever

　　C．whom

　　D．whomever

　　9．________ you have seen both fighters，________ will win?

　　A．Since；do you think who

　　B．As；who you think

　　C．When；whoever

　　D．Since；who do you think

　　10．China's success in manned－spacecraft travel shows ________ our country has become one of the greatest powers in space research.

　　A．what

　　B．which

　　C．/

　　D．it that