2016高考英语考纲解读及热点演练：11 定语从句

　　定语从句是高考的热点，主要考查关系代词和关系副词的正确运用，特别是它们在非限制性定语从句中的运用。主要考点有：

　　①关系代词which引导的非限制性定语从句；

　　②关系副词where引导的定语从句(近三年来常考查先行词是表示抽象空间概念的名词的情况)；

　　③“介词＋关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句；

　　④as引导的非限制性定语从句。

　　1．(2016·北京，27)Many countries are now setting up national parks________animals and plants can be protected.

　　A．when　

　　B．which

　　C．whose

　　D．where

　　2．(2016·福建，27)The book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of those ________ lives were affected.

　　A．whose

　　B．that

　　C．who

　　D．which

　　3．(2016·湖南，21)Happiness and success often come to those________are good at recognizing their own strengths.

　　A．whom

　　B．who

　　C．what

　　D．which

　　4．(2016·江苏，22)The president of the World Bank says he has a passion for China，________he remembers starting as early as his childhood.

　　A．where

　　B．which

　　C．what

　　D．when

　　5．(2016·辽宁，34)He may win the competition，________he is likely to get into the national team.

　　A．in which case

　　B．in that case

　　C．in what case

　　D．in whose case

　　6．(2016·陕西，16)________ is often the case with children，Amy was better by the time the doctor arrived.

　　A．It

　　B．That

　　C．What

　　D．As

　　7．(2016·四川，9)Nowadays people are more concerned about the environment________they live.

　　A．what

　　B．which

　　C．when

　　D．where

　　8．(2016·天津，6)We have launched another man－made satellite，________is announced in today's newspaper.

　　A．that

　　B．which

　　C．who

　　D．what

　　9．(2016·新课标Ⅱ，4)When I arrived，Bryan took me to see the house________I would be staying.

　　A．what

　　B．when

　　C．where

　　D．which

　　10．(2016·重庆，24)John invited about 40 people to his wedding，most of ________ are family members.

　　A them

　　B．that

　　C．which

　　D．whom

　　which引导的定语从句

　　【例1】 That evening，________ I will tell you more about later，I ended up working very late.

　　A．that

　　B．which

　　C．what

　　D．when

　　【例2】 It is the third time that she has won the race，________ has surprised us all.

　　A．that

　　B．where

　　C．which

　　D．what

　　【例3】 The house I grew up ________ has been taken down and replaced by an office building.

　　A．in it

　　B．in

　　C．in that

　　D．in which

　　1．As a child，Jack studied in a village school，________ is named after his grandfather.

　　A．which

　　B．where

　　C．what

　　D．that

　　2．After graduating from college，I took some time off to go travelling，________ turned out to be a wise decision.

　　A．that

　　B．which

　　C．when

　　D．where

　　3．They've won their last three matches，________ I find a bit surprising actually.

　　A．that

　　B．when

　　C．what

　　D．which

　　that，which代表物，区别且听我来述；

　　先行若是不定代，that就把which踹；

　　先行词前有两数，就用that定无误；

　　先行词前最高级，还用that必无疑；

　　句中若有there be，that应把which替；

　　先行主中作表语，避免重复从句里。　whose引导的定语从句

　　【例4】 I wish to thank Professor Smith，without ________ help I would never have got this far.

　　A．who

　　B．whose

　　C．whom

　　D．which

　　【例5】 The old temple ________ roof was damaged in a storm is now under repair.

　　A．where

　　B．which

　　C．its

　　D．whose

　　4． The prize will go to the writer ________ story shows the most imagination.

　　A．that

　　B．which

　　C．whose

　　D．what

　　5．That's the new machine ________ parts are too small to be seen.

　　A．that

　　B．which

　　C．whose

　　D．what

　　1．whose引导的定语从句

　　whose在定语从句中作定语，后面要接名词，其含义是“(先行词)的……”。whose既可以指人也可以指物。

　　(1)表示物时相当于“the＋名词＋of＋which”或“of＋which＋the＋名词”。

　　(2)表示人时相当于“the＋名词＋of＋whom”或“of＋whom＋the＋名词”。

　　2．whose引导的定语从句与并列句的区别

　　whose引导的定语从句易与含有物主代词its，their的并列句混淆。如：

　　China has the 3rd longest river in the world，whose name is the Yangze River.(定语从句)

　　China has the 3rd longest river in the world，and its name is the Yangze River.(并列句)　

　　where引导的定语从句

　　【例6】 Sales director is a position ________ communication ability is just as important as sales skills.

　　A．which

　　B．that

　　C．when

　　D．where

　　【例7】 Whatever is left over may be put into the refrigerator，________ it will keep for two or three weeks.

　　A．when

　　B．which

　　C．where

　　D．while

　　6．(2016·福建，24)It's helpful to put children in a situation ________ they can see themselves differently.

　　A．that

　　B．when

　　C．which

　　D．where

　　7．(2016·北京，26)—What do you think of teaching，Bob?

　　—I find it fun and challenging.It is a job ________ you are doing something serious but interesting.

　　A．where

　　B．which

　　C．when

　　D．that

　　不是地点胜似“地点”——“模糊化的地点”要用关系副词where

　　高考试题中对于where的考查趋于复杂，从先行词为明显的“地点”转为“模糊化的地点”。事实上，对于where这个词不能只理解为表地点。当先行词是表示某物的situation/case，到了何种地步(point)，或某事物所发展的阶段stage，或表达某事的某个方面(scene)时，都可用where。

　　They have reached the_point_where they have to separate with each other.他们已经到了必须分手的地步。

　　Later in this chapter cases will be introduced to readers where consumer complains have resulted in changes in the law.(where＝in the cases)消费者的抱怨导致法律的改变的案例将在本章稍后向读者介绍。

　　这些不是地点胜似“地点”的名词的归属问题即当不当“地点”看是解答这类定语从句的关键。　

　　as引导的定语从句

　　【例8】 The air quality in the city，________ is shown in the report，has improved over the past two months.(2012·福建，23)

　　A．that

　　B．it

　　C．as

　　D．what

　　【例9】 A lot of language learning，________ has been discovered，is happening in the first year of life，so parents should talk much to their children during that period.

　　A．as

　　B．it

　　C．which

　　D．this

　　8．The number of the audience，________ we had expected，was well over one thousand.

　　A．whom

　　B．who

　　C．which

　　D．as

　　9．The man showed us such a heavy stone ________ no one could lift it.

　　A．that

　　B．as

　　C．which

　　D．and

　　as引导限制性定语从句常用于下列句式

　　(1)

　　其中关系代词as在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语。如：

　　We have found such materials as are used in their factory.我们已经找到了像他们工厂里用的那种材料。(as作主语)

　　These houses are sold at such a low price as people expected.这些房子以人们预料的那样的低价出售。(as作宾语)

　　He is not the same man as he was.他和过去不同了。(as作表语)

　　注意：such...as...引导的定语从句与such...that...引导的状语从句的区别：

　　第一个句子中as引导的是定语从句，因为从句中缺成分；而第二个句子中that引导的是状语从句，从句中不缺任何成分。

　　(2)．..such as...

　　such为代词，意为“这样的人或物”，as在从句中作成分，修饰先行词such。如：

　　This book is not such as I expect.

　　这不是我想要的书。(as作宾语)　

　　【例10】 Care of the soul is a gradual process ________ even the small details of life should be considered.

　　A．what

　　B．in what

　　C．which

　　D．in which

　　【例11】 Julie was good at German，French and Russian， all of ________ she spoke fluently.

　　A．who

　　B．whom

　　C．which

　　D．that

　　【例12】 She showed the visitors around the museum，the construction ________ had taken more than three years.

　　A．for which

　　B．with which

　　C．of which

　　D．to which

　　答案　C

　　10． Wind power is an ancient source of energy ________ we may return in the near future.

　　A．on which

　　B．by which

　　C．to which

　　D．from which

　　11． Gun control is a subject ________ Americans have argued for a long time.

　　A．of which

　　B．with which

　　C．about which

　　D．into which

　　12．Portia，for ________ physics had once been very hard，turned out to be a physicist.

　　A．whom

　　B．whose

　　C．that

　　D．which

　　如何选择“介词＋关系代词”中的介词

　　在“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句中，介词的选择是关键，也是考生深感头痛之处。介词的选择可依据以下原则：

　　(1)根据该介词和先行词的固定搭配来确定。

　　I admire my English teacher very much from whom I learn a lot.(learn from sb为固定搭配)

　　(2)根据定语从句中的动词习惯搭配来确定。

　　There are some people to whom you can turn.(turn to sb为固定搭配)

　　(3)根据从句中的形容词搭配来确定。

　　He introduced me some reference books with which I am not very familiar.(be familiar with为固定搭配)

　　(4)表示“所属关系”或“整体中的部分”时用介词of。

　　She has seen many films，of which Kung Fu Panda is her favorite.

　　(5)有一些动词短语不能拆开，如pay attention to，look after，take care of等。　

　　【例1】 After the flooding，people were suffering in that area，________ urgently needed clean water，medicine and shelter to survive.

　　A．which

　　B．who

　　C．where

　　D．what

　　【例】 Ellen was a painter of birds and of nature，________，for some reason，had withdrawn from all human society.

　　A．which

　　B．who

　　C．where

　　D．whom

　　【例】 The days are gone ________ physical strength was all you needed to make a living

　　A．when

　　B．that

　　C．where

　　D．which

　　1． Children who are not active or ________ diet is high in fat will gain weight quickly.

　　A．what

　　B．whose

　　C．which

　　D．that

　　． Because of the financial crisis，days are gone ________ local 5－star hotels charged 6,000 yuan for one night.

　　A．if

　　B．when

　　C．which

　　D．since

　　． Occasions are quite rare ________ I have the time to spend a day with my kids.

　　A．who

　　B．which

　　C．why

　　D．when

　　有时命题者为了加大试题难度，往往把定语从句融入到其他结构中考查考生的语言综合运用能力，其常用的命题手段就是定语从句与先行词被某些句子成分分隔开，使考生分不清楚句子结构，从而误选选项。

　　四种“分隔”现象

　　(1)定语从句对主句结构的分隔

　　The country life he was used to has changed greatly since 1992.

　　(3)定语从句和先行词的分隔

　　He was the only person in his office who was invited to the party.

　　(4)连词和其所连接的分句的分隔

　　We thought there were 35 students in the dining hall，while，in fact，there were 40.1．The place ________ interested me most was the Children's Palace.

　　A．which

　　B．where

　　C．what

　　D．in which

　　2．Do you know the man ________？

　　A．whom I spoke

　　B．to who spoke

　　C．I spoke to

　　D．that I spoke

　　3．This is the hotel ________ last month.

　　A．which they stayed

　　B．at that they stayed

　　C．where they stayed at

　　D．where they stayed

　　4．Do you know the year ________ the Chinese Communist Party was founded?

　　A．which

　　B．that

　　C．when

　　D．on which

　　5．That is the day ________ I'll never forget.

　　A．which

　　B．on which

　　C．in which

　　D．when

　　6．At the party，John made up a joke，________ people burst out laughing.

　　A．on which

　　B．by which

　　C．at which

　　D．from which

　　7．Can you lend me the book ________ the other day?

　　A．about which you talked

　　B．which you talked

　　C．about that you talked

　　D．that you talked

　　8． The pen ________ he is writing is mine.

　　A．with which

　　B．in which

　　C．on which

　　D．by which

　　9．They arrived at a farmhouse，in front of ________ sat a small boy.

　　A．whom

　　B．who

　　C．which

　　D．that

　　10．The engineer ________ my father works is about 50 years old.

　　A．to whom

　　B．on whom

　　C．with which

　　D．with whom