2016高考英语考纲解读及热点演练：3 代词

　　在句中用来代替名词、名词短语或句子的词称为代词。代词可以在句子中作主语、宾语、表语或定语等。近3年来，高考重点考查不定代词，所考题量占所考代词总量的50%左右，其次是it的用法和替代词。试题的设计注重语境设置，要求考生将句子意思和句子结构联系起来选出正确的代词。因此，做题时要在熟练掌握各类代词基本用法的基础上，特别注意句意和句子结构的结合，只靠死背语法是很难奏效的。1．(2016·辽宁，29)To her joy，Della earned first the trust of her students and then ________ of her colleagues.A．that

　　B．one

　　C．ones

　　D．those

　　2．(2016·江西，23)________ can be good at something for 40 years if he doesn't love it.

　　A．Anybody

　　B．Everybody

　　C．Nobody

　　D．Somebody

　　3．(2016·山东，21)I've lived in New York and Chicago，but don't like ________ of them very much.

　　A．either

　　B．any

　　C．each

　　D．another

　　4．(2016·陕西，22)Although Rosemary had suffered from a serious illness for years，she lost ________ of her enthusiasm for life.

　　A．some

　　B．neither

　　C．none

　　D．all

　　答案　C

　　5．(2016·天津，12)At our factory there are a few machines similar to ________ described in this magazine.

　　A．them

　　B．these

　　C．those

　　D．ones

　　6．(2016·四川，2)The traffic on the main street has a longer green signal than ________ on the small ones.

　　A．one

　　B．this

　　C．that

　　D．it

　　7．(2016·新课标Ⅱ，14)It's an either—or situation—we can buy a new car this year or we can go on holiday but we can't do ________.

　　A．others

　　B．either

　　C．another

　　D．both

　　8．(2016·重庆，31)Recycling is one way to protect the environment，reusing is ________.

　　A．another

　　B．the other

　　C．one another

　　D．one

　　9．(2016·安徽，27)This project requires close teamwork.

　　________ will be achieved unless we work well together.

　　A．Nothing

　　B．Anything

　　C．Something

　　D．Everything

　　10．(2016·浙江，11)Half of ________ surveyed in 16 countries say they go first to their closest friend to share their deepest wishes and darkest fears.

　　A．thesee

　　B．some

　　C．ones

　　D．those

　　none，nothing，nobody(no one)的用法【例1】 My brother would like to buy a good watch but ________ was available from that shop.　A．nothing

　　B．none

　　C．no one

　　D．neither

　　【例2】 I knew that ________ would ever discourage him；he would never give up wanting to be a director.

　　A．something

　　B．anything

　　C．everything

　　D．nothing

　　none，nothing，nobody(no one)的用法

　　none 指人或物，相当于no＋名词；可回答how many，how much的提问；可与of连用 —How much money do you have？—None.

　　——你有多少钱？

　　——一点也没有。

　　I want some more cheese，but there's none left.

　　我想再吃点奶酪，但是一点也没剩。

　　As we were asleep，none of us heard the sound.

　　由于我们在睡觉，因此没人听到那声音。

　　nothing 指物；可回答what的提问 —What are you doing now？—Nothing.

　　——你现在在干什么？

　　——什么也没干

　　nobody (no one) 指人；可回答who的提问 —Who is in the room？—No one/Nobody.

　　——谁在屋里？

　　——没人。

　　※no one无任何人　nothing无任何物　none无所提及的人、物either，both，neither，all，none，any的常见用法【例3】 He had lost his temper and his health in the war and never found ________ of them again.

　　A．neither

　　B．either

　　C．each

　　D．all

　　【例4】 —John，when shall we meet again，Thursday or Friday?

　　—________.I'll be off to London then.

　　A．Either

　　B．Neither

　　C．Both

　　D．None

　　【特别提醒】either，both，neither，all，none，any的常见用法如下：

　　两者

　　other(s)，the other(s)，another的常见用法【例5】 Neither side is prepared to talk to ________ unless we can smooth things over between them.

　　A．others

　　B．the other

　　C．another

　　D．one other

　　【例6】 The manager believes prices will not rise by more than ________ four percent.

　　A．any other

　　B．the other

　　C．another

　　D．other

　　在英语中，other(s)，the other(s)，another是常用的代词，它们的用法如下：

　　(1)other意为“其他的”，其后常接可数名词复数形式，也可接不可数名词，表示泛指概念。

　　(2)others意为“其他的人或物”，其后不可以接名词，因为它相当于“other＋名词”结构，也表示泛指概念。

　　(3)the other有两种常见用法：①the other意为“其他的”，其后常接可数名词复数形式，也可接不可数名词，表示特指概念；②the other意为“两者中的另一个”，常用于“one...the other...”结构。

　　(4)the others意为“其他的人或物”，其后不可以接名词，因为它相当于“the other＋可数名词复数”结构，表示特指概念。

　　(5)another意为“又/再……”，常用于“another＋基数词＋名词”结构。该结构相当于“基数词＋more＋名词”这一结构。【例7】 —Wow！You've got so many clothes.

　　—But ________ of them are in fashion now.

　　A．all

　　B．both

　　C．neither

　　D．none

　　【例8】 Larry asks Bill and Peter to go on a picnic with him，but ________ of them wants to，because they have work to do.

　　A．either

　　B．any

　　C．neither

　　D．none

　　全部否定的不定代词：

　　none, no one, nobody, nothing, neither, not any, no＋名词。

　　部分否定的不定代词：

　　not与all, both, everyone, everybody, everything等连用，其中not可以位于句首或句中。　

　　【例】 More than 68,600 foreigners are working in Shanghai.The number is 13 times ________ of 1996，when Shanghai started issuing expatriate work permits.

　　A．one

　　B．ones

　　C．that

　　D．those

　　【例】 I just choose a simpler lifestyle，________ where I can ride my bike all over and do not have to make a great living to survive.

　　A．that

　　B．it

　　C．one

　　D．another

　　that, it, one, ones, those, the one(s)等都可以用作代词，但它们所指代的情况不同。

　　(1)it通常用来指代上文提到过的那个事物，表示特指概念，即指代同一物。

　　(2)one表示泛指概念，替代可数名词的单数形式。其复数形式ones也表示泛指概念，用来替代可数名词的复数形式。the one(s)也是替代可数名词，但表示特指概念。

　　(3)that既可以用来指代不可数名词，又可以用来指代可数名词单数形式，表示特指概念，相当于“the＋名词”结构。

　　(4)those用来指代可数名词复数形式，表示特指概念，相当于“the＋可数名词复数”结构。它是that(指代可数名词单数时)的复数形式。

　　(5)当that或those在句中指代事物时，它们的后面通常使用一些后置定语，如：

　　Little joy can equal that of a surprising ending when you read stories.(that指代不可数名词joy)

　　特别提醒(1)that只能代替事物不能代替人(定语从句除外)，one既可代替事物也可代替人。

　　(2)“物主代词＋own”之后不能加one。

　　(3)一般可以用this one，that one，较少用these ones和those ones。当ones前有形容词修饰时则可以用these和those。　

　　【例】 No matter where he is，he makes ________ a rule to go for a walk before breakfast.

　　A．him

　　B．this

　　C．that

　　D．it

　　【例】 —I've read another book this week.

　　—Well，maybe ________ is not how much you read but what you read that counts.

　　A．this

　　B．that

　　C．there

　　D．it

　　it的用法归纳

　　(1)it的基本用法：

　　it可以用作人称代词，指代事物或上文提到过的内容；

　　在特定的环境中，也可指性别不详、身份不明的人或婴儿等；

　　可以表示天气、时间、距离、金钱等。

　　(2)it充当形式主语或形式宾语的用法

　　(3)有关it的几个易混句型

　　It's time for sb to do sth

　　②It/This/That is＋the first/second...time＋that sb has/have done sth

　　It will be＋时间段＋before sb do/does sth

　　It is/has been＋时间段＋since sb did sth

　　It is/was＋具体时间点＋when从句。

　　(4)it可以用来构成强调句型

　　这一句型可以对主语、宾语及状语进行强调。【例】 —Could you tell me how to get to Victoria Street?

　　—Victoria Street？________ is where the Grand Theatre is.

　　A．Such

　　B．There

　　C．That

　　D．This

　　【例】 Surprisingly，Susan's beautiful hair reached below her knees and made ________ almost an overcoat for her.

　　A．them

　　B．her

　　C．itself

　　D．herself

　　【例】 There is ________ in his words.We should have atry.

　　A．something

　　B．anything

　　C．nothing

　　D．everything

　　答案　A

　　【例】 ________ is the power of TV that it can make a person suddenly famous.

　　A．Such

　　B．This

　　C．That

　　D．So

　　做题过程中要注意做到以下两点：

　　2．逻辑关系。做题时，通过分析上下文所蕴含的逻辑关系做出正确的判断。可以从以下两个方面考虑：代词表示的范围；代词在句中构成的是全部否定还是部分否定。　1．I asked for some more cake，but there was ________ left.

　　A．no one

　　B．none

　　C．a little

　　D．a few

　　2．John has always wanted an ipad and he has just saved enough money to buy ________.

　　A．one

　　B．it

　　C．this

　　D．that

　　3．Being more realistic，the elderly have learned to focus on things that make them happy and let go of ________ that don't.

　　A．them

　　B．it

　　C．that

　　D．those

　　4．Tom's mother kept telling him that he should work harder，but ________ didn't help.

　　A．he

　　B．which

　　C．it

　　D．none

　　5．—Have you got any books on English grammar？I'd like to borrow ________.

　　—Yes，here you are.But you must return it by Friday.

　　A．it

　　B．one

　　C．some

　　D．any

　　6．Mary's parents admitted that she was always contrary to a wish of ________.

　　A．them

　　B．theirs

　　C．their

　　D．themselves

　　7．Mr Blark，________ who we all admire，is a kind but strict teacher.

　　A．the one

　　B．it

　　C．one

　　D．as

　　8．—What do you think about smoking?

　　—Well，just as someone puts ________，smoking kills.

　　A．this

　　B．it

　　C．that

　　D．one

　　9．Although his excuse was as good as ________ other，I don't believe that was a fact.

　　A．one

　　B．each

　　C．every

　　D．any

　　10． Singing with Sun Yang，the swimming champion，face to face is an unforgettable moment，________ the little girl always treasures.

　　A．one

　　B．this

　　C．that

　　D．it