浙江省金华市孝顺高级中学2016届高考英语作文专题复习：如何应对四类英语作文

　　多于10句话来描述，则句子零乱与琐碎，文章缺乏整体感； 4.用最有把握的词语句型将规定内容加以表达，并根据图表大意议论； 5.应按照合理顺序，适当使用一些过渡性的连接词，将句子连珠成串； 6.结尾要干净利落，既不能拉杂，也不能草率，要显得自然，恰当得体。 提示议论文 文章开头，能依据提示确立主题句(topic)阐明观点或看法；使用连接词分层次说明理由、缘由(supporting sentences)；归纳总结，首尾呼应。做到论点正确无误；论据可靠充分。论据可以是人们公认的真理，也可以是经过实践考证的经典著作；论证合理严密。常用论证法有归纳法、推理法、对比法。 记叙文 一般说来有时间、地点、人物、事件、原因和结果六要素，写作时要明白清楚地给予表达。记人时，要注意介绍人物的身世、经历和事迹等。叙事时要描写事情发生与发展的过程。

　　四步打造高分英语作文Step1：确定文体 常用文体有记叙文、说明文，还有应用文如书信等。近几年的高考书面表达多以应用文为主，提供的形式多以图画、提纲、表格出现，书写的格式大都是书信、通知。所以，考生还应该掌握信的称呼、开头、正文、结尾、签名等方面，另外，口头通知和书面通知的不同要清楚。总之，考生应根据写作提示分析材料，确定文体，闯过第一关。

　　Step2：确定时态和人称 考生要根据选好的文体和写作内容确定时态。一般来说，记人叙事多用一般过去时；发布通知多用一般将来时和祈使句式；发表议论大多用带有情态动词的一般现在时；人物介绍、现状说明常用一般现在时和现在完成时。定准时态后接下来一定要知道各时态的构成及用法要点，但要记住，写作时时态并不惟一，要依据表达内容而选定。

　　Step3：确定所需主要词汇和所用表达结构 在以上“两确定”的基础上，应该根据文章体裁和内容逐个地确定写作要点。对于图画和图表可在草稿纸上用中文列出。理清要点，然后选词造句，对列出的要点逐一翻译。这时要注意力求语言准确得当。平时写作要多进行发散思维，如是用very sorry还是terribly sorry；是surprised还是aston-ished。同时考生应学会尽可能使用较高级的语法结构和词汇，如非谓语动词、复合句等。最大限度地完美文章。

　　Step4：整理成篇 行文连贯 接下来要根据内容分清文章的层次，确定详略，将写好的单句要重新排列组合起来，使之前后连贯成一篇完整的文章。同时选用恰当的关联词使文章过渡自然，行文流畅。另外，根据内容编排，该分段时要分段，使表达清楚，一目了然。行云流水，整齐划一，闯过写作第四关。图表作文模板 as is shown/indicated/illustrated by the figure/percentage in　the　table(graph/picture/pie/chart), __作文题目的议题__ has been on rise/ decrease(goes up/increases/drops/decreases),significantly/dramatically/steadily rising/decreasing from__ in __ to __ in __. From the sharp/marked decline/ rise in the chart, it goes without saying that __. There are at least two good reasons accounting for __. On the one hand, __. On the other hand,　__ is due to the fact that __.In addition, __ is responsible for __.Maybe there are some other reasons to show __.But it is generally believed that the above mentioned reasons are commonly convincing. As far as I am concerned,I hold the point of view that __. I am sure　my opinion is both sound and well-grounded.议论文模板

　　不同观点列举型（ 选择型 ） 　There is a widespread concern over the issue that __作文题目_____. But it is well known that the opinion concerning this hot topic varies from person to person. A majority of people think that _ 观点一________. In their views there are 2 factors contributing to this attitude as follows: in the first place, ___原因一_______.Furthermore, in the second place, ___原因二_____. So it goes without saying that ___观点一_____. People,　however,　differ　in　their　opinions　on　this　matter.　Some　people　hold the idea that ___观点二_______. In their point of view, on the one hand， ___原因一_______. On the other hand, ____原因二_____. Therefore, there　is no　doubt　that ___观点二______.　 　As far as I am concerned, I　firmly　support　the　view　that __观点一或二______.　It　is not only because ________, but also because _________. The more _______, the more ________. （2）利弊型的议论文 Nowadays, there is a widespread concern over (the issue that)___作文题目______. In fact, there are both advantages and disadvantages in __题目议题_____. Generally speaking, it is widely believed there are several positive aspects as follows. Firstly, ___优点一______. And secondly ___优点二_____. Just As a popular saying goes, "every coin has two sides", __讨论议题______ is no exception, and in another word, it still has negative aspects. To begin with, ___缺点一______. In addition, ____缺点二______. To sum up, we should try to bring the advantages of __讨论议题____ into full play, and reduce the disadvantages to the minimum at the same time. In that case, we will definitely make a better use of the ____讨论议题___. ( 3 ) 答题性议论文 Currently, there is a widespread concern over (the issue that)__作文题目_______ .It is really an important concern to every one of us. As a result, we must spare no efforts to take some measures to solve this problem. As we know that there are many steps which can be taken to undo this problem. First of all, __途径一______. In addition, another way contributing to success of the solving problem is ___途径二_____. Above all, to solve the problem of ___作文题目______, we should find a number of various ways. But as far as I am concerned, I would prefer to solve the problem in this way, that is to say, ____方法_____. ( 4 ) 谚语警句性议论文 It is well know to us that the proverb: " ___谚语_______" has a profound significance and value not only in our job but also in our study. It means ____谚语的含义_______. The saying can be illustrated through a series of examples as follows. ( also theoretically ) A case in point is ___例子一______. Therefore, it is goes without saying that it is of great of importance to practice the proverb ____谚语_____. With the rapid development of science and technology in China, an increasing number of people come to realize that it is also of practical use to stick to the saying: ____谚语_____. The more we are aware of the significance of this famous saying, the more benefits we will get in our daily study and job..

　　应用文(申请信)模板

　　Your address Month, Date, year Receiver's address Dear ..., I am extremely pleased to hear from you./ to see your advertisement for the position in .... And I would like to write a letter to tell you that.../ I am confident that I am suitable for the kind of the job you are advertising. .../ I feel I am competent to meet the requirements you have listed. On the one hand, .... On the other hand, .... I am enclosing my resume for your kind consideration and reference. I shall be much obliged if you will offer me a precious opportunity to an interview. I will greatly appreciate a response from you at your earliest convenience/ I am looking forward to your replies at your earliest convenience. Best regards for your health and success. Sincerely yours, X X X

　　更多类型的作文模板

　　主题：高考英语话题作文模版：话题作文Nowadays, there are more and more (某种现象) in (某种场合). It is estimated that (相关数据). Why have there been so many (某种现象)? Maybe the reasons can be listed as follows. The first one is (原因一). Besides, (原因二). The third one is (原因三). To sum up, the main cause of (某种现象) is due to (最主要原因). It is high time that something were done upon it. For one thing, (解决办法一). On the other hand, (解决办法二). All these measures will certainly reduce the number of (某种现象).

　　主题：高考英语作文模板：现象说明文Recently _______,what amazes us most is______________,it is ture that__________. There are many reasons explaining__________________________.The main reason is____________________. what is more_________________________.thirdly__________________________.As a result_______________. Considering all there,________________________.For one thing_____________________,for another________ ____.In Conclusion____________________. 一种事物或现象（负面意义倾向） 关于A的话题,早已引起了广泛的社会关注。如今在电视、报纸、日常生活的很多角落，都有越来越多的关于A的议论。 给A一个精确恒定的定义并非易事，因为它的概念涉及了科学、人性、思想、经济、社会、自然等广阔的领域。一般而言，我们可以这样描述A… A能成为公众关注的焦点，主要是由于它对个人、集体乃至整个世界都有着不容忽视的不良影响。 认真分析后我们可以看到，A对社会/世界 /健康的不利有很多。首先，从最直观的角度来看，A的出现直接损害了（这里加入一句针对性的话，如人类的身体健康和环境的平衡） 。（举例）。其次，从更深一层次上讲，它为人类的精神文明蒙上了一层阴影。更可怕的是，由于A所产生微小利益，却促成了许多可悲的人们为其忘乎所以，破坏了人类生存的法则和空间。 事实上，A的出现是社会发展和人类进步的产物，A所带来的危害是人类进化过程中付出的代价。同时，A的产生来源于部分人们的自私和趋利性，他们看到的是肤浅和片面的利益，而从未从整个全局和人类整体的利益出发去认识和分析它。这使得A始终挥之不去。对此，我奉劝他们，跳出狭小的角落，用长远和全局的眼光去重新审视A。 而如今，我们已深受其害，要想消除它的危害，我们必须从根源上杜绝它的产生，我们每一个人都应给予A高度的重视，用系统的和科学的方法去解决，唯有这样，避免它带来更多损失，我们人类前进的脚步才会更加平稳，更加欢快的迈向辉煌的明天。 One object or phenomenon (negative significance inclination.) A has attracted extensive attention of the society. Nowadays, increasingly more argumentations of A can be found in TV programs, newspapers, ugogo and marry aspects of our everyday life. Since its concept covers vast fields, such as science, humanity, ideology, economy, society and nature, A is difficult to be defined, precisely and fixedly. Generally speaking ,we can describe A as follows:……. A’s status as the focus of public concern mainly results from its in negligible but harmful influence on individuals, collective, and even the whole world. It seems to have a strange power to drive some individuals or organizations to act wrongly. The essence of these wrong actions is: (1) to gain personal, short-term and partial individual interest at the expense of damaging others’ long-term and overall interest; (2) to adopt improper means to win more rewards with less input. Situating under the shadow of A, individuals /organizations and violate natural law merely to obtain temporary, or even illusory interests. However, the result may turn out to be loss of really important and valuable resource or ability. We must keep highly alert of the problems evoked by A, because once the harmful influence accumulates to a certain degree and then spread, it will surely threaten the development of the whole society. Though with various reasons and forms, from the perspective of the essence, the problems brought by A originates from the fundamental principle of human ideology and material production. Thus, we should seek the solutions through setting foot on this principle. Due to the depth and width of A’s harmful influence, we should draft our solutiogogotematically on the basis of deep analysis of A problem. We must acquire our power from technology, management, law and culture terrorm, effectively eliminate the shadow of A, and ensures ourselves a bright future.

　　主题：高考英语作文模版：对比观点题型

　　（1） 要求论述两个对立的观点并给出自己的看法。 1． 有一些人认为。。。 2． 另一些人认为。。。 3． 我的看法。。。 The topic of -----------------（主题）is becoming more and more popular recently. There are two sides of opinions of it. Some people say A is their favorite. They hold their view for the reason of -----------------（支持A的理由一）What is more, -------------理由二). Moreover, ---------------(理由三). While others think that B is a better choice in the following three reasons. Firstly,-----------------(支持B的理由一). Secondly (besides),------------------（理由二）. Thirdly (finally),------------------(理由三). From my point of view, I think ----------------（我的观点）. The reason is that --------------------(原因). As a matter of fact, there are some other reasons to explain my choice. For me, the former is surely a wise choice . （2） 给出一个观点，要求考生反对这一观点 Some people believe that ----------------（观点一）. For example, they think -----------------（举例说明）．And it will bring them -----------------(为他们带来的好处). In my opinion, I never think this reason can be the point. For one thing,-------------(我不同意该看法的理由一). For another thing, -----------------(反对的理由之二)． Form all what I have said, I agree to the thought that ------------------(我对文章所讨论主题的看法)．主题：高考英语作文模板：阐述主题题型要求从一句话或一个主题出发，按照提纲的要求进行论述． １． 阐述名言或主题所蕴涵的意义． ２． 分析并举例使其更充实． The good old proverb ----------------（名言或谚语）reminds us that ----------------(释义). Indeed, we can learn many things form it. First of all,-----------------(理由一). For example, -------------------(举例说明). Secondly,----------------(理由二). Another case is that ---------------(举例说明). Furthermore , ------------------(理由三)． In my opinion, ----------------(我的观点). In short, whatever you do, please remember the say------A. If you understand it and apply it to your study or work, you”ll necessarily benefit a lot from it.

　　主题：高考英语作文模板：解决方法题型要求考生列举出解决问题的多种途径 １． 问题现状 ２． 怎样解决(解决方案的优缺点) 　 In recent days, we have to face I problem-----A, which is becoming more and more serious. First, ------------(说明Ａ的现状)．Second, ---------------(举例进一步说明现状) Confronted with A, we should take a series of effective measures to cope with the situation. For one thing, ---------------(解决方法一). For another -------------(解决方法二). Finally, --------------(解决方法三). Personally, I believe that -------------(我的解决方法). Consequently, I’m confident that a bright future is awaiting us because --------------(带来的好处).

　　主题：高考英语作文模板：说明利弊题型这种题型往往要求先说明一下现状，再对比事物本身的利弊，有时也会单从一个角度（利或弊）出发，最后往往要求考生表明自己的态度（或对事物前景提出预测） １． 说明事物现状 ２． 事物本身的优缺点（或一方面） ３． 你对现状（或前景）的看法 Nowadays many people prefer A because it has a significant role in our daily life. Generally, its advantages can be seen as follows. First ----------------(Ａ的优点之一). Besides -------------------（Ａ的优点之二）. But every coin has two sides. The negative aspects are also apparent. One of the important disadvantages is that ----------------(Ａ的第一个缺点)．To make matters worse,------------------(Ａ的第二个缺点)． Through the above analysis, I believe that the positive aspects overweigh the negative ones. Therefore, I would like to ---------------(我的看法)． (From the comparison between these positive and negative effects of A, we should take it reasonably and do it according to the circumstances we are in. Only by this way, ---------------(对前景的预测)．)高考英语满分作文作文题目 假设你是李华，你的英国笔友Bob将于九月到你所在城市的建新华文学校学中文，来信请你在学校附近为他找一套住房。请根据图画提供的信息，写信介绍住房的情况，并告知住房面积为25平方米，月租500元。 注意：1．词数：100左右： 2．参考词汇：房租—Tent(n.). I’m very happy to receive your letter, and I’m glad to hear that you will go to China to learn Chinese here. I have already found a fiat for you. It is on Fangcao Street, which is not far from Jianxin Chinese School. Bus No.11 can take you there, and it is one stop before the Chinese School. The flat is on the third floor with 3 rooms, one of which is bedroom, the other two are bathroom and kitchen. There are a bed, a sofa, a desk and some chairs in this 25 square-metres small fiat, and the rent is 500 yuan per month. Maybe this fiat is not as good as your wish, but I’ll try my best to meet your needs. If it is not suitable enough, write to me and I will look for another better place. Hope you will come here soon! All the best! 　Yours, 　Li Hua 满分理由 本文格式正确，意思表述完整，行文流畅自然。作者在写作过程中注意长短句并用，还使用了以‘which，’引导的非限定性定语从句，从而使文章层次分明，富于变化，不愧为考场佳作。 Dear Bob, Welcome to China! You wrote to me to find a place for you. I have found an apartment on Fangcao Street near Jianxin Chinese School. It is on the third floor and there’re three rooms in it: a bedroom, a kitchen, and a bathroom. There is a bed, a sofa, a desk and a chair in the bedroom. The house is 25 square metres and the rent is 500 yuan per month. Also from this house you can get to your school easily. Just take the No.11 bus at the bus-stop in front of the building. It is only one stop. At last, will you please tell me the time you arrive? Then I’U be able to meet you at the airport, see you. Best wishes ! 　 Yours, 　 Li Hua 满分理由 本文格式正确，内容完整，表述清楚，衔接紧密流畅，时态语态使用准确，特别是结尾末段适度的发挥，既充实了内容，又符合逻辑，成为本文与众不同的亮点。 Dear Bob, How are you these days? I’m so glad to know that you’ll come to our city to learn Chinese. You asked me to find a place for you. Now I’ve found one which I think is pretty good. The place is on Fang Cao Street which is near the No.11 bus stop. It’s just one stop away from Jianxin Chinese School. There are three rooms, a kitchen, a bathroom and a bedroom. Though it is not very big, only 25 square metres, I think it is suitable. By the way, the rent is 500 yuan per month. I hope you’ll like it. If not, I’ll try to find another place for you. 　 Yours, 　 Li Hua 满分理由 本文内在逻辑性很强，由远及近。由外及内，层次分明，错落有致。同时让步状语从句运用得恰到好处，很出彩，再则结构完整，从开头的问候语到结尾都很完备。 作文： Dear Bob, I’m glad to hear from you. Welcome to our city in september. I’ve found a suitable house for you. The house is on Fang Cao Street, not far from the Jianxin Chinese School. If you take the No.11 bus, it is just one stop. It is a flat on the third floor of a building. It has three rooms, a living-room, a bathroom and a kitchen. You can cook yourself. The mirror, the basin and the bathtub are very convenient for you. In the living-room, there is a bed, a sofa and a desk with chair. The desk is next to the window. It will be good for study. The total size is 25 square metres and the rent is 500 yuan a month. Will you be satisfied with this flat, or you want another one? Just let me know. I’ll try my best to help you. 　 Yours, 　 Li Hua 满分理由 本文内容详实，描述具体细腻，用词适当准确，如“suitable house”、“not far from’’等，另外文中的选择疑问句也很有新意。

　　高考英语作文范例2004年秋季高考 Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 老师要求你负责班级墙报( wall newspaper)工作并征求你的意见。在日记中表述你的决定并谈谈想法。 2005年春季 Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 你叫李宏，你校在为一批来自加拿大的交流学生征寻为期两周的住宿家庭。你有意申请，写封信说明你申请的理由。(包括所具备的条件)。 2005春季范文 Dear sir, I hear that our school will welcome some Canadian students to stay with us for or two weeks. Students who want to invite them to stay can take part in it. I want to try. First , my parents and I can speak English well. That benefits us to communicate with each other. Second, our house is big enough for he or she to stay. Furthermore , I live near the Huangpu River. It has a good view of Shanghai. Last but not least , in my home, he or she will enjoy much China culture. My grandpa and grandma are good at handwriting. My grandma also has a good skill in Chinese painting. I think our friendly will give him a both interesting and comfortable experience. Thank you for your reading during your busy work.. I hope that you will agree with me . Yours sincerely, Li Hong 练习 假如你是王华，18岁生日后，真的有种长大成人的感觉。于是你想就父母对你的关怀和你今后的打算，以书信形式同爸爸妈妈谈谈。信的开头如下： Dear Mum and Dad, How are you doing ? 范文 Dear Mum and Dad, How are you doing ? I ‘m writing to you of my gratitude for your having brought me up and my future plan. Dear Mum and Dad, I am already 18 years old, which shows that I have grown up. Whenever I am thinking of this, I can’t help feeling grateful to you . It is you who first give me encoutagement when I meet with difficulties, especially when I am not getting along well with my studies. Indeed, your inspiration seems to be a lamp, which offers me light of hope, courage and confidence. And more importantly, you are always teaching me to be good to others, and try to contribute to our society. Dear Mum and Dad, I an now a senior three student , who is facing the competitive national college entrance examinations, So first of all, I ought to try my best to pass the exams. I am sure that through my great efforts I can and will be able to realize my beautiful dream of being a key university student. Then, I will strive to be an independent youth. The social situation I will be facing must be more competitive, so I will develop and prepare myself to be a youth with a strong sense of cooperation and competition. Believe in me, Mum and Dad, I will make a difference. Best regards to you . Yours sincerely, Wang Hua 根据报道东方绿洲(Oriental Greenboat)要更名，有外国人建议用”Discovery Land” “Family Park” 或 “Youth Heaven ”。写出你的看法；或者你自己拟个名字，并陈述理由。 范文如下： As is reported, Oriental Greenboat is planning to change its name. Many citizens as well as the foreigners have great interest in giving a new name such as “Discovery Land” “Family Park” or “Youth Heaven”. It suddenly occurs to me that why don’t we call it “The World of Discovery ”.I’ve got several reasons to account for it. First of all, the word “world” has a more meaningful definition than “park” or “ land”. According to my visit, Oriental Greenboat covers a vast area, and it is more appropriate to call it a “world” rather than a “park”. Secondly, Oriental Greenboat provide the chance to enhance the relationship between family members and promote friendship between the youth. We are give the opportunity to relax and enjoy ,thus discovering what is of great importance in our life. Thirdly , students are involved in many activities there. They come to discover how they should cooperate and overcome the difficulties with their own efforts. This is a world for them to discover how wonderful and able they are! To sum up , I think it would be a wise choice to name it “ The World of Discovery”.

　　主题：英语作文书面表达常用句型及短语学校生活及学习成绩 Be getting on well with one’s study take several courses at school have English (Chinese, Physics…) every (other )day work hard at … put one’s heart into… be interested in … be fond of like chemistry best be good at …; be poor at …; do well in …; be weak in … make progress in …; fail in …’ be tired of …’ pass the examination; give sb. a passing grade; major in history 主修历史 He has the best record in school. 他的成绩最棒。 get a doctor’s degree 获得博士学位 be more interesting to sb. learn about; succeed in…; be active in class (work); take an active part in …; learn… by heart; work out a (maths) problem; improve oneself in …; get 90 marks for (English); get an “A” in the exam; have a good command of… lay a good foundation in (language study)

　　师生关系 get on well with sb; like to be with students; be gentle with us; be kind to sb; be a strict teacher; be strict with one’s pupils; be strict in work We think of him (her) as …; help sb with sth; praise sb for sth …; blame sb for sth.. give advice on …; question sb on … be satisfied with … correct the students’ homework carefully and prepare for the next day; give sb a lot of work; try to teach sb good study habits; make one’s lessons lively and interesting; teach sb. sth.; teach sb to do sth. devote all one’s time to work; admire (sb.for) his devotion to the cause of education 佩服他对于教育事业的献身精神。

　　3、课余活动及周末生活 spend one’s time in many different ways; enjoy doing things by oneself; go swimming; go for an outing; have an outing at (the seashore); see the sights of Beijing; play the piano (violin); play chess (basketball); have a swim; have dances on weekends; have a picnic over the weekend; go to the cinema; have a party; hold a sports meeting; do some reading; help sb do sth; enjoy a family trip; get everything ready for; ride one’s bike with sb.to(the park); There are a lot of activities at (the beach). We enjoy a change from our busy life in the city. She would like to bring sth. to the picnic. It was a very relaxing Sunday. There are good programmes on TV on weekends.

　　4、彼此沟通信息 take a message for sb; send a message to sb; hear from sb; talk about/of sth; tell sb to do sth; get information about…; express one’s idea (feelings) in English; Write sb a letter saying…; apologize to sb for …; thank you for …; make a speech t at the meeting; explain sth to s; look upon sb as …; think sb to be …; take sb’s side

　　5、事件中人的态度 would like to do; allow sb to do; keep sb from doing (prevent sb. from doing); call on sb to do; be afraid to do (be afraid of …)； fee like doing; insist on doing; drive sb. off; speak highly of sb; speak ill of sb; think highly of sb; force sb to do; offer to do; refuse to do; agree to do; regret doing; prefer to do A rather than do B; had better do; would rather (not) do

　　6、事情过程 have the habit of doing…; have no trouble doing; make up one’s mind to do; prepare sb for …; give up doing…; do sth as usual; do what he wants us to do; set about doing; try one’s best to do…=go all out to do; get into trouble; help sb out; do one’s bit for New China; wait for sb to do; find a way to do; make friends with sb; show (tell) sb. how to do…; take (send) sb to …; I’m trying to find…; I’m afraid we are out of …; pass the time doing; feel a little excited about doing…; can’t help doing…; do some good deeds to people; be prepared for more hard work; Some are doing A, others are doing B, and still others are doing C.

　　7、感观活动与思维活动 look around for …; look up (down) at …; catch sight of …; take a look at …; hear sb do (doing); take notice of …; take view of …; have a good understanding of …; consider sb (sth) to be …; come to know…; realize that …; know that +从句

　　8、情感与欲望 be pleased with …; be delighted in doing…; take a pleasure in doing; be worried about; feel surprised at … be sorry for …; be angry with sb for sth; be angry about …(为某事生气)； look forward to doing…; wish to do; expect to do; long for (long to do); be sick for one’s home; have a strong desire to do …;

　　9、健康状况及治疗 be in good shape; be in good (poor )health; feel weak (well, terrible, sick); have got a high (slight ) fever; have a slight (bad) cold; take one’s temperature; have got a pain in …; be good (bad) for one’s health(eyes); It’s nothing serious. stay in bed until…; save one’s life

　　10、其它 It (take)sb. some time to do…; It is said that …; be fit for; be short of; be well dressed; miss the lecture (train); change…into…; waste time doing; spend time doing; be busy doing; have no choice but to do; I can’t help it. be in need of…; be mistaken about …; fall behind…; catch up with; on behalf of; instead of; be welcome to do…; Running, biking and swimming are popular in summer. Skiing and skating are my favorite winter sports

　　11、信件开头常用语 You letter came to me this morning. I have received your letter of July the 20th. I’m writing to you about the lecture to be given next Monday. I’m writing to ask if you can come next week. How time flies! It’s three months since I saw you last. Thank you for your letter. In reply to your letter about (the exhibition this year)…; Let me tell you that…

　　12、信件结尾常用语 Please remember me to your whole family. Give my best regards (wishes) to your mother. Best wishes. With love. Wish you a pleasant journey. Wish you success. Wish you the best of health. (luck) Looking forward to your next visit to China. Looking forward to the pleasure of meeting you. Expecting to hear from you as soon as possible.

　　13、阅路和应答 Go down this street Turn night/left at the first crossing It’s about…metres from here You can’t miss it In front of behind at/a the corner(不用in) Pass two blocks高考英语经典句式及过渡词·力求变换各种句式

　　一般句式 例：He came here at 5 pm.yesterday. 否定句 例：He did not come here until 5 p.m.yesterday. 倒装句 例：Not until/till 5 pm.did he come here yesterday. 强调句 例：It was not until/till 5 pm.that he came here yesterday.

　　·多使用过渡性词语使句子连贯表列举：for example、for instance、that is to say 表补充：besides、in　addition、moreover 表对比：on the one hand…on the other hand、in spite of 表原因：because of、thanks to、due to、owing to 表结果：therefore、thus、as a result、so 表结论：to conclude、in a word、in brief、to sum up 表转折：however、nevertheless、yet

　　·正确使用连接词 －We are good friends and we should help each other.(并列连词) －As we are good friends，we should help each other.(从属连词) －Being good friends，we should help each other. (非谓语动词)高考英语作文常用修辞手法文章最忌语言枯燥无味，一篇好的作文，语言应该生动形象。而恰当地运用修辞手法，可以使文字新鲜活泼、具体逼真，大大增强艺术表现力，扩大语言表达的范围；而且还可以激发读者的想象，给人留下深刻的印象。下面介绍一些英语作文中常用的修辞手法。

　　1. 比喻 (metaphor)

　　比喻就是打比方。可分为明喻和暗喻：

　　明喻 (simile)：

　　用like, as, as...as, as if(though) 或用其他词语指出两个不同事物的相似之处。例如：

　　O my love's like a red, red rose. 我的爱人像一朵红红的玫瑰花。

　　The man can't be trusted. He is as slippery as an eel. 那个人不可信赖。他像鳗鱼一样狡猾。

　　He jumped as if he had been stung.他像被蜇了似的跳了起来。

　　Childhood is like a swiftly passing dream. 童年就像一场疾逝的梦。

　　暗喻 (metaphor)：

　　用一个词来指代与该词所指事物有相似特点的另外一个事物。例如：

　　He has a heart of stone. 他有一颗铁石心肠。

　　The world is a stage. 世界是一个大舞台。

　　2. 换喻(metonymy)

　　用某一事物的名称代替另外一个与它关系密切的事物的名称，只要一提到其中一种事物，就会使人联想到另一种。比如用the White House 代替美国政府或者总统， 用the bottle来代替wine 或者alcohol， 用the bar 来代替the legal profession，用 crown代替 king等。例如：

　　His purse would not allow him that luxury. 他的经济条件不允许他享受那种奢华。

　　The mother did her best to take care of the cradle. 母亲尽最大努力照看孩子。

　　He succeeded to the crown in 1848. 他在1848年继承了王位。

　　3. 提喻 (synecdoche)

　　指用部分代表整体或者用整体代表部分，以特殊代表一般或者用一般代表特殊。例如：

　　He earns his bread by writing. 他靠写作挣钱谋生。

　　The farms were short of hands during the harvest season. 在收获季节里农场缺乏劳动力。

　　Australia beat Canada at cricket. 澳大利亚队在板球比赛中击败了加拿大队。

　　He is the Newton of this century. 他是这个世纪的牛顿。

　　4. 拟人 (personification)

　　把事物或者概念当作人或者具备人的品质的写法叫拟人。例如：

　　My heart was singing. 我的心在歌唱。

　　This time fate was smiling to him. 这一次命运朝他微笑了。

　　The flowers nodded to her while she passed. 当她经过的时候花儿向她点头致意。

　　The wind whistled through the trees. 风穿过树丛，树叶哗哗作响。

　　5. 委婉 (euphemism)

　　用温和的、间接的词语代替生硬的、粗俗的词语，以免直接说出不愉快的事实冒犯别人或者造成令人窘迫、沮丧的局面。例如：

　　用to fall asleep; to cease thinking; to pass away; to go to heaven; to leave us 代替 to die

　　用senior citizens代替old people

　　用 a slow learner或者an under achiever代替a stupid pupil

　　用weight watcher代替 fat people

　　用mental hospital 代替 madhouse或者 asylum

　　用emotionally disturbed代替mad

　　用washroom, men's / women's room代替 lavatory

　　用 handicapped代替 crippled

　　用low income brackets; underprivileged; disadvantaged 代替 poor people

　　6. 双关 (pun) 用同音异义或者一词二义来达到诙谐幽默的效果：表面上是一个意思，而实际上却暗含另一个意思，这种暗含的意思才是句子真正的目的所在。例如：

　　A cannonball took off his legs, so he laid down his arms. (arms可指手臂或者武器)

　　一发炮弹打断了他的腿，所以他缴械投降了。

　　“Can I try on that gown in the window?” asked a would-be customer.

　　“Certainly not, madam!” replied the salesman. 我可以试穿一下橱窗里的那件睡袍吗？或者：我可以在橱窗里试穿那件睡袍吗？

　　Seven days without water make one weak (week). 七天没有水使一个人虚弱。或者：七天没有水就是一周没有水。

　　7. 反语 (irony)

　　使用与真正意义相反的词，正话反说或者反话正说，从对立的角度运用词义来产生特殊的效果。下面就是莎士比亚的戏剧 Julius Caesar 中的一个运用反语的很好的例子，Brutus出于野心刺杀了 Caesar, Caesar 的好友Antony 讥讽Brutus 说：

　　Here, under leave of Brutus and the rest—

　　For Brutus is an honorable man;

　　So are they all, all honorable men—

　　Come I to speak in Caesar's funeral.

　　He was my friend, faithful and just to me:

　　But Brutus says he was ambitious;

　　And Brutus is an honorable man.

　　在 Antony 的话里反复使用 honorable这个词就是一个反语的例子。

　　8. 矛盾修饰 (oxymoron)

　　把相互矛盾的两个词用在一起的修辞方法。它利用词义表面的相互矛盾使表层的不和谐统一在思想内容的深层，从而揭示事物对立统一的本质特征，达到加深印象的目的。例如：

　　She read the long-awaited letter with a tearful smile. 她带着含泪的微笑读那封盼望已久的信。

　　The coach had to be cruel to be kind to his trainees.教练为了对他的受训者仁慈就要对他们残酷。

　　During his useful life he often felt he was useless. 在他大有作为的一生中他老是感到自己无用。

　　其他还有sweet pain; thunderous silence; luxurious poverty; heavy lightness; living death; impossible hope 等等。

　　9. 轭式搭配 (zeugma)

　　把适用于某一事物的词语顺势用到另外一事物上的方法。在同一个句子里一个词可以修饰或者控制两个或更多的词，它可以使语言活泼，富有幽默感。例如：

　　She opened the door and her heart to the homeless boy. 她对那无家可归的男孩打开了房门，也敞开了胸怀。

　　As I left home after breakfast, I shivered inwardly as well as outwardly. 早餐之后我离开家的时候，我的里里外外都在颤抖。

　　I would my horse had the speed of your tongue. 我希望我的马能有你的舌头的速度。

　　10. 移位修饰(transferred epithet)

　　将本应该用来修饰某一类名词的修饰语用来修饰另一类名词。例如：

　　There was a short, thoughtful silence. 出现了一阵短暂的、令人沉思的寂静。

　　The old man put a reassuring hand on my shoulder. 老人把一只令人安心的手放在我的肩膀上。

　　He closed his busy life at the age of sixty. 在六十岁时他结束了他那忙碌的一生。

　　This is the cheapest market in this country. 这是这个国家最便宜的市场了。

　　11. 头韵 (alliteration)

　　两个或者更多的词以相同的音韵或者字母开头就构成头韵。例如：

　　proud as a peacock

　　blind as a bat

　　safe and sound

　　Long and loudly little Lily laughed. 小莉莉长时间地、大声地笑着。

　　The windows waved violently in the wind. 窗户在风中剧烈地摇动。

　　The sun sank slowly. 太阳慢慢地下沉。

　　12. 渐进 (climax)

　　根据事物的逻辑关系，由小到大，由轻到重，由浅到深，由低到高，由少到多依次渐进地进行描述或论述。这种整齐的结构可以使人们的思想认识一层层深化提高，增强语言的感染力和说服力。例如：

　　I came; I saw; I conquer. 我来了；我看到了；我征服。

　　Reading maketh a full man; conference a ready man; and writing an exact man. 读书使人充实；交谈使人机智；写作使人精确。

　　Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested. 书有可浅尝者，有可吞咽者，更有少数须消化咀嚼者。

　　Lincoln recognized worth in the common people; he loved the common people; he fought for the common people; and he died for the common people. 林肯认识到平民大众的价值；他热爱平民大众；他为平民大众而斗争；他为平民大众而献身。

　　高考英语书面表达十练与答案解析 （1） 说明：今天是星期天，爸爸。妈妈和我，叔叔、婶婶和妹妹都去看爷爷和奶奶。请根据下图内容写一日记。 注意：日记须包括所有图画的内容，可适当增加某些情节，使短文连贯。字数100左右。 One possible version: This afternoon all of us went to see Grandparents. My father and mother brought them something delicious. My grandparents were in poor healthy so my uncle and aunt brought them the medicine they wanted. My mother and aunt said they would prepare the supper and we had a talk with Grandparents in the sitting room. My little sister and I told them that we were getting on well with our studies and they were very happy. Supper was ready, and all of us gave our best wishes to Grandparents. On our way home I was thinking I should often go to see them on Sundays. （2） 李华在放学回家的路上经历了一次扑灭火灾的经过，请根据下图内容写一短文。 注意：短文须包括所有图画的内容，可适当增加某些情节，使短文连贯。字数100左右。已给出短文第一句。 One possible version: One day Li Hua saw a big fire break out on his way home from school. The firefighters tried their best to control the fire. With the help of the firefighters a lot of people left the building safely. At that time, a foreign woman came in a hurry to tell the firefighters something. But they didn't understand what she said. Li Hua came to the woman and asked her what had happened. The woman told Li Hua that her daughter was still in the building. Li Hua told the firefighters about it at once. They immediately ran into the building. Two minutes later they rushed out with the little girl. The foreign woman was very thankful to Li Hua and the firefighters for their help. （3） One possible version: Xiaoming used to send a lot of cards to his friends at new year time.But one day he read a report in the newspaper,which said that cards are made from trees and that at present more and more trees have been cut down leading to serious floods in some areas.Xiaoming felt shocked at the report in the newspaper and realized the importance of protecting trees.From now on he decides to send his wishes to his friends by telephone instead of sending cards.to his friends at new year time （4） 书面表达一致辞类 假如史密斯先生是你校聘请的外籍英语教师，现在聘期已满，下周就要回伦敦。明天你们要开一个欢送会，对史密斯先生表示欢送和感谢。现在，请你根据下列要点写一篇欢送词。 1．感谢史密斯先生二年来的辛勤工作； 2．平易近人，和蔼可亲； 3．对学生既严格又耐心； 4．上课生动有趣，大家喜欢上他的课； 5．学生的英语水平有了很大的提高； 6．祝他身体健康，一路平安。 注意：1．格式要求正确； 2．必须包括所有要点，但可适当增减细节，使内容连贯。 3．词数100个左右。 One possible version: Dear friends, How times flies! It is two years since Mr Smith came to our school. He will leave for London next week. In the past two years, Mr Smith has worked hard. He was strict with us in our English learning and always ready to help us with patience. He made his classes so lively and interesting that all of us enjoyed every minute of them. Our English has been improved greatly because of his creative work. Now, we' d like to express our thanks to him. We wish him a pleasant journey home and good health. Thank you. （5） 书面表达-活动安排 你3月15日（星期六）一天的活动安排如下，请根据此活动安排用英语写一篇日记。 时 间 地 点 活 动 安 排 8：00 校门口 欢迎德国学生（约30人）到校参观访问 8：30-9：30 体育馆 联欢会（get-together）,交换礼品 9：30-10：30 校园内 参观教学楼、实验楼、宿舍楼等 10：30-11：30 篮球场 友谊篮球赛 12：00 校门口 欢送德国学生离校 14：00-17：00 数家书店 和同学一块购买书籍和磁带等 注意：词数100左右。 生词：交换exchange;体育馆gymnasium 、One possible version: March 15 Saturday Fine About thirty German students came to visit our school today . We gathered at the school gate at 8 o'clock to give them a warm welcome .Then we had a get-together in the gymasium .Our headmaster told them something about our school .And then we talked with each other and exchanged gifts .From nine thirty we showed them around our school .They visited our classroom buildings ,the lad building ,and the dorm-tories. A friendly basketball game started on the sports ground at ten thirty .At twelve o'clock all German students left our school . In the afternoon my classmates and I went to some bookshops .We chose and bought some （6）会议通知 1．某中学将有一位美国教授布菜克博士来访，该教授将给师生们作一次报告，介绍美国的教育情况。学校要求同学们在星期三下午2：30准时到105大教室参加报告会，并带上笔记本，以便会后讨论。请你根据上面要点，用英语写一通知。(字数：80左右) 参考词语 美国教授American professor 有关教育的报告a report on education 作笔记to take notes 讨论to have a discussion Notice An American professor, Dr Black will visit our school this Wednesday afternoon. He will give us a report on the education in America. Everyone is supposed to be in Room 105, the big classroom exactly at 2:30 p.m. Wednesday. Please bring your notebooks with you and take notes while listening to the lecture, so that we can have a discussion about it after it is over. （7）郊游通知 [题 材] 假如你是高三(2)班班长，你班要在5月4日即下星期六去庐山郊游。请你拟一份通知，准备向同学们宣读。内容包括： 1、郊游日期：5月4日，下星期六； 2、主要内容：攀登比赛、摄影等； 3、早餐后8点坐校车出发，午餐自带，下午3点回校； 4、欢迎全体同学参加。凡参加者先登记并交给班长5元钱。 注意：通知词数约70—120。要求意思连贯。 [范 文] An Outing to Lushan An Announcement Class, please be quiet. I am glad to tell you that we have decided to have an outing to Lushan next Saturday, May 4th. The expense is about five yuan. Those who wish to go should put down the names on this piece of paper and give the money to me. We will go by school bus which is to start after breakfast at 8:00 a. m. and come back to school at 3:00 p.m.. Remember to bring your lunch with you. We’ll have a contest of climbing the hill and take photos there. All the students are welcome. That’s all. Thank you. Monitor Class 2 of Senior Grade 3 （8）晚会通知 假如你是班长，通知你班同学本周星期六晚上7：30—在本班教室举行一次英语晚会，节目有唱歌、朗诵、讲故事、话剧等，要求本班同学都参加，欢迎外班同学光临，请同学们作好准备。(字数：80左右) 参考词语 朗诵recitation 节目programme (或program)欢迎to be welcomed表演 to perform Fellow students, attention, please.I have some good news to tell you. We’re going to have an English evening, in our classroom at 7:30 on Saturday evening. The programme inclides songs, recitations, storytelling and short plays. Everyone in our clas must take part in it and students form other classed are also welcome. Everone who takes part in the party should perform once. That’s all. Thank you. （10）游玩的通知 请你以学生会名义，根据下面表格的内容写一则去人民公园游玩的通知。 参加者高二年级全体学生 活动内容1．12月28日，周六去人民公园，上午浏览东湖；2．中午在湖边野餐；3．下午参观植物园（the botanical garden ）. 集合时间和地点早上6：50在校门集合；7：00开车。 注意事项1．穿运动鞋；2．自带午餐和饮料；3．如有可能，每班带1——2部照相机；4．准时集合。 注意：1.词数100左右。2.通知的格式已写出。 Notice Attention, please. Notice Attention, please . The students of Senior Grade Two will go to the people’s Park for an outing on December 28,Saturday. In the morning ,we will visit the East Lake . We’ll have a picnic by the lake at noon .After that , we’ll visit the botanical garden .Please wear your sports shoes ,and take your lunch and drinks with you ,If possible ,each class can take a couple of cameras along so that you can take some pictures of the beautiful sights .We are to meet at the school gate at 6:50 a.m. The buses will start at 7:00 a.m. Don’t be late . The Student’s Union

　　高考英语书面表达必备词组 首先，尤其重要的，最重要的above all 偶然，无意中by accident 对（于）…很积极 be active in 合计为add up to 承让错误admit one's mistake 接受某人的建议take / follow one's advice 就…提出建议give advice on 建议某人做某事advice sb. to do sth. 后天the day after tomorrow 毕竟；终究after all 违心against one's will 在…岁时at the age of 实现目标achieve one's aim 在空中；悬而未决in the air 在户外，在露天里in the open air 在机场at the airport 火警the fire alarm 满腔怒火be filled with anger 因某人之言行而生气be angry at sth. 生某人的气be angry with sb. 通知make an announcement 相继地，按顺序地one after another 相互，彼此（三者或三者以上之间）one another 相互（指两者之间）each other 没有回答give no answer 为…而担心be anxious about 急于做某事be anxious to do sth. 分开住live apart 除了apart from 因某事向某人认错或道歉make/offer an apology to sb for sth. 与某人争论某事argue with sb. about sth. 放在一边lay sth. aside 请某人指点 / 帮助ask sb. for advice / help 惊讶于…be astonished at sth. 以前，曾经at one time 注意pay attention to 对…抱正确的态度take a correct attitude towards sth. 引起（注意，兴趣等）attract one's attention 仰卧／仰泳lie / swim on one's back 重感冒a bad cold 两件行李two pieces of baggage 保持／失去平衡keep / lose one's balance 在舞会上at the ball 洗冷水澡have / take a cold bath 阵亡be killed in battle 在海滩on the beach 整理床铺make the bed 以…开始begin with 在…起始，开始at the beginning of 自始自终from beginning to end 形成…局面；产生come into being 安全带a safety belt 三思而后行。Second thoughts are best. 尽力，尽最大的努力do / try one's best 尽量利用，善用make the best of 一切顺利，万事如意all the best 黑体地，粗体地in bold 出身于农民家庭be born in a peasant's family 鞠躬make a bow 动动脑子use one's brains 打破纪录break the record 深吸一口气take a deep breath 屏息；憋住气hold one's breath 上气不接下气out of breath 刷牙brush one's teeth 突然哭起来burst into tears 突然一阵大笑a burst of laughter 要不是but for 呼救声a call for help 保持镇静（别慌）keep calm 保持安静（别吵）keep quiet 保持不动（别动）keep still 保持沉默（别说话）keep silent 夏令营a summer camp 去野营go camping 情不自禁…cannot help doing 打牌play cards 照顾，保管take care of 医疗护理medical care 假若那样的话in that case 以防万一in case 下倾盆大雨rain cats and dogs 赶上（或超过）catch up with 偶然by chance 免费free of charge 主管，在掌管之下in charge 由…负责in the charge of 掌管，负责take charge 高兴起来cheer up 童年时in one's childhood 挑选，选择make a choice 圣诞节时at Christmas 去做礼拜go to church 烟头cigarette end 为…鼓掌give sb. a clap 接近get close to 一块桌布a table cloth 一套衣服a suit of clothes 童装children's clothing 集邮collect stamps 产生，发生come about （偶然）遇见或发现come across 走过来；长出，发芽，上升；抬头come up 共同，共有in common 参加比赛compete in a contest 举办音乐会give a concert 条件是on condition that 祝贺某人congratulate sb. on sth. 相反地on the contrary 失控out of control 与…谈话；交谈have a conversation with sb. 在…期间／过程中in / during the course of 被…覆盖be covered with 因某事和某人发脾气be cross with sb. at sth. 划掉cross out 对…残忍be cruel to sb. 立方米cubic meter 对…感到好奇be curious about sth. 对…造成巨大损害do great damage to 处境危险in danger 过时out of date 在不久前，前几天the other day 对…充耳不闻be deaf to sth. 对付，应付deal with 负债in debt 还清债务out of debt 做出决定make a decision 做好事do good deeds 付诸行动，生效do the deed 直到深夜deep into the night 沉思deep in thought 深夜deep into the night 毫不耽搁，立刻without delay 迟迟未做某事delay doing sth. 发表（演说等）deliver a speech 满足要求meet the demands 外语系foreign language department 百货商店department store 难以形容beyond description 决心做某事be determined to do sth. 随着工业的发展with the development of industry 献身于，致力于devote oneself to 处于灭亡的危险中be in danger of dying out 没作用，没影响make no difference 做…有困难，难以…have difficulty in doing sth. 应邀赴宴be invited to dinner 向四面八方in all directions 做出新的发现make a new discovery 正在讨论中under discussion 洗盘子wash dishes 在远方，在远处in the distance 对…冷淡be distant toward sb. 对…有益do good to 做坏事，犯罪do wrong 挨门挨户from door to door 隔壁的next door 下楼go downstairs 到市区去go downtown 缓慢前进，拖延drag one's feet 催人泪下draw tears from sb. 渴望做某事dream of doing sth. 在墙上钻孔drill a hole in the wall 赶走drive off 使某人发狂drive sb. mad 挣钱earn money 谋生earn one's living 究竟on earth 别着急，别紧张，放松些take it easy 对…有很大影响have a great effect on 努力做某事make efforts to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事encourage sb. to do sth. 量入而出；使收支相抵make ends meet 美满的结局a happy ending 说英语的国家English-speaking countries 报名比赛enter oneself for a contest 剧场的入口the entrance to the theater 在除夕on New Year's Eve 虽然，即使even if / even though 时事current events 参加考试have / take an examination 进行体格检查carry out a medical examination 考试及格pass an examination 为…树立榜样set an example to sb. 做早操do morning exercises 产生，成立come into existence 做实验carry / do / make an experiment 做解释，说明make an explanation 做鬼脸，装怪相make a face 事实上as a matter of fact 未能…fail to do sth. 落后，掉队fall behind 对…而熟悉be familiar with sth. 因…而闻名be famous for 作为…而闻名be famous as 摸某人的脉feel one's pulse 觉得想做…feel like doing sth. 伤害某人的感情hurt one's feelings 春节the Spring Festival 发高烧have a high fever 科学领域the field of science 五十多岁时in one's fifties 关键人物a key figure 填写表格fill in the form 刹那间in a flash 一场大洪水a big / great flood 扫地sweep the floor 在三层on the third floor 三层楼的建筑a building of three storeys 正在开花be in flowers 放（风筝等）fly a kite 糊里糊涂in a fog 欺骗，愚弄某人make a fool of sb. 在山脚下at the foot of the mountain 空军the air force 靠武力，强行by force 用很大力气with great force 对外贸易foreign trade 养成好习惯form a good habit 碰碰运气try one's fortune 每四个一组（一批）；四个四个地in fours 常客a frequent visitor 新手a fresh hand 同…交朋友make friends with 那时起from then on 不时地，时常from time to time 不劳而获。No pains, no gains. 做游戏play games 代沟generation gap 开始认真（做某事）get down to sth. 陷入麻烦get into trouble 有音乐天分have a gift for music 用尽，耗尽，筋疲力尽give out 朝…看了一眼take a glance at 向人瞪眼，怒目而视glare at （灯，火）熄灭go out 复习功课go over the lesson 进了一个球score a goal 犯语法错误make mistakes in grammar 懂某人的意思grasp one's meaning 勿踏草地keep off the grass 养成…的习惯get into the habit of 用手by hand 分发hand out 一方面…另一方面…on the one hand…on the other hand 少量的a handful of 过幸福生活live a happy life 损害，伤害do harm to 一个好收成a good harvest 保持镇静keep one's head 身体好in good health 记住某事learn / know sth. by heart 紧握某物keep a tight hold on sth. 握住；抓住catch / take / get hold of 趾高气扬hold one's head high 暑假the summer holidays 休假on holiday 为（向）… 表示敬意；为了纪念…in honour of 对某人抱很大希望have high hope for sb. 怀着…的希望in the hope of doing sth. 住院be in hospital 大约一小时an hour or so 挨饿go hungry 打猎go hunting 匆匆忙忙in a hurry 不知道have no idea 但愿，要是…就好了if only 给某人留下好印象make a good impression on sb. 慢慢前进inch one's way forward 患难之交才是真朋友。A friend in need is a friend indeed. 告诉某人某事inform sb of sth 坚持要做insist on doing 视察工厂inspect a factory 激动人心的演讲an inspiring speech 急需帮助in instant need of help 打断谈话interrupt a conversation 介绍信a letter of introduction 收到请帖receive an invitation 邀请信a letter of invitation 讲笑话tell a joke 和某人开玩笑play a joke with sb. 旅行make a journey 使某人高兴的是to one's joy 不可以貌取人。Don't judge a man by his looks. 初中a junior high school 正在那时just then 与…保持联系keep in touch with 使…不进入…keep out of 成功的秘诀the key to success 踢门kick the door 踢掉鞋子kick off one's shoes 跪下go down / fall on one's knees 敲门knock at the door 最迟，至迟at the latest 迟早sooner or later 哈哈大笑起来burst into laughter 违（守）法break / obey the law 制定一条法律make a law 摆设餐具（准备吃饭）lay the table 过着简朴的生活lead a simple life 忽略，遗漏leave out 听关于…的讲座attend a lecture on 给某人一个教训teach sb. a lesson 从…在中吸取教训take a lesson from 惊讶地叫了一声let out a cry of surprise 透漏消息let out the news 大写字母a capital letter 仰卧 / 俯卧lie on one's back / stomach 复活，苏醒过来come back to life 交通信号灯traffic lights 列一张购物清单make a shopping list 谋生，度日make a living 丧生，死；牺牲lose one's life 泄气；灰心lose heart 失音lose one's voice 输一场lose a game 祝你好运。Wish you good luck. 洗衣机a washing machine 欣喜若狂be mad with joy 邮寄包裹send the parcel by mail 赚钱make money 交朋友make friends 取得进步make progress 利用make use of 编造故事make up a story 弥补某人的过失make up for one's mistake 有礼貌have good manners 商标a trade mark 满分full marks 观看一场篮球比赛watch a basketball match 进行比赛have a match 祝你成功。May you success. 五一节May Day 通过这种方式by this means 用…方法，依靠by means of 决不by no means 按…尺寸做make…to one's measure 采取措施take a measure 量身高measure one's height 获得金牌get a gold medal 医疗队a medical team 体检medical examination 吃药take / have some medicine 满足…的需要meet the needs of 遇到风暴meet with a storm 去开会go to a meeting 开会have a meeting 举行会议hold a meeting 为纪念in memory of 对…一点儿也不怜悯have no mercy on sb. 毫不容情地；残忍地without mercy 在…支配下；任由…摆布at the mercy of 圣诞快乐！Merry Christmas! 给某人捎个信儿take a message for sb. 中秋节Mid-autumn Day 上百万的，许许多多的millions of 改变主意change one's mind 当心油漆未干。Mind the wet paint! 下决心make up one's mind 外交部长the minister of foreign affairs 错过机会miss an opportunity 犯错误make a mistake 由疏忽所致by mistake 现代in modern times 零钱small money 某人身上没（带）钱have no money with sb. 选某人为班长make sb. monitor 某一天清早on the early morning 在山顶上at the top of the mountain 参加海军join the navy 如果有必要的话if necessary 需要帮助in need of help 呈现一片新面貌take on a new look 打某人的鼻子hit sb. on the nose 做笔记make / take notes 与…无关have nothing to do with 张贴通知put up a notice 对某人毫不在意pay no notice to sb. 运转着，实施中be in operation 订购某物place an order for sth. 失业了out of work 一副眼镜a pair of glasses 颐和园the Summer Palace 此处禁止停车！No parking here! 在…方面起积极作用take an active part in 在过去的几天里in the past few days 对某人有耐心be patient with sb. 熟能生巧。Practice makes perfect. 演出，表演put on performances 亲自，当面in person 给某人照相take a photo of sb. 弹钢琴play the piano 摘花pick flowers 捡钱包pick up a wallet 去野餐go out for a picnic 一堆书a pile of books 可怜某人（因同情而帮助某人）have / take pity on sb. 出于同情out of pity 代替in place of 坐某人的座位，代替某人的职务take one's place 举行，发生take place 代替，代理take the place of 订计划make a plan 玩牌play cards 对某人开一个玩笑play a joke on sb. 与…一起玩play with sb. 在操场上on the playground 对…感到满意be pleased with 喜欢做某事take pleasure in doing sth. 生活富裕live in plenty 正要…的时候on the point of 对某人有礼貌be polite to sb. 受某人喜爱be popular with sb. 占有，拥有take possession of 发电站power station 当权，执政take power 因为某事赞扬某人praise sb. for sth. 赞扬in praise of 出席会议be present at a meeting 眼下at present 互赠礼物exchange presents 在压力下under pressure 防止某人做某事prevent sb. from doing 以…为代价at the price of 无论花多少代价（不惜任何代价）at any price 以…为自豪；对…感到得意take pride in 小学primary school 入狱，被监禁go to prison 在狱中服刑be in prison 将某人送进监狱throw / put sb. into prison 越狱escape from prison 解决问题solve the problem 回答问题answer the question 遵守诺言keep one's promise 答应，许下诺言make a promise 以…自豪be proud of 养家糊口provide food and clothes for one's family 公共事务public affairs 舆论public opinion 当众，公开in public 出版社publishing house 故意地on purpose 把…推到一边push aside 推倒，（风）刮倒push over 拖延，推迟put off 不可能out of the question 接力赛a relay race 通过无线电广播on the radio 衣衫褴褛，穿破衣服in rags 在火车站at the railway station 小（大）雨light / heavy rain 一线希望a ray of hope 伸手去拿reach for sth. 够不着out of ones' reach 乐意干某事be ready to do 事实上in reality 实现希望realize one's hope 为此，为此理由for this reason 接待处reception desk 参考；谈到refer to 留在某人的记忆中remain in one's memory 提醒某人做某事remind sb. to do sth. 使某人想起remind sb. of sth. 应…请求by request 因此，结果as a result 盛产；有大量的…be rich in 除掉get rid of 抢走某人某物rob sb. of sth. 起重要作用play an important role 扮演…的角色play the role of 给…腾出地方make room for 对某人无礼be rude to sb. 用完run out of 高峰时间，拥挤时间rush hour 满足某人的需要satisfy one's needs 节省体力save one's strength 也就是说that is to say 为某事责备某人scold sb. for sth. 就座，坐下take one's seat 不让人知道某事，保密keep sth. a secret 抓住小偷的衣领seize a thief by the collar 与某人握手shake hands with sb. 店员；营业员shop assistant 领某人出去／进来show sb. out / in 炫耀show off 对岸；在…另一面on the other side of 支持某人（方）take the side of 站在…一边take sides in 看不见lose sight of 看到，发现catch sight out 看不见out of sight 静静地in silence 和…类似的be similar to 单程票single ticket 量…的大小（尺寸）take the size of 偷偷塞给某人一张纸条slip a note into one's hand 在雪地上滑倒slip on the snow 克服困难smooth away difficulties 大约or so 与…有关系have something to do with 国歌the national song 大胆地说，清楚并响亮地说speak out 发言，演讲make a speech 以…的速度at a speed of 平方公里square kilometers 代表，象征stand for 饿死starve to death 处于良好状态in a good state 逐步地，一步一步地step by step 遵守诺言stick to one's word / promise 趴在地上lie on one's stomach 四层楼的住宅a house of four storeys 赶上风暴be caught in the storm 对…要求严格be strict with sb. in sth. 擦火柴strike a match 挣扎着起来struggle to one's feet 仔细研究make a study of 突然，冷不防all of a sudden 暑假summer holidays 向某人供应／提供supply sb. with sth. 使某人惊奇的是to one's surprise 擦脸上的汗sweat off one's face 坐下吃饭sit down to table 纳税pay one's taxes 沏茶make tea 用望远镜through a telescope 讲故事tell a story 辨别，分清tell one from the other 量体温take one's temperature 数以万计tens of thousands of 被…吓了一跳be terrified at 因某事感谢某人be thankful to sb. for sth. 扔掉throw away 吐出（食物），呕吐throw up 立刻，很快in no time 交通堵塞traffic jam 跟某人开玩笑，欺骗某人play a trick on sb. 处于困境（苦恼）中be in trouble 一条裤子a pair of trousers 上大学attend university 拜访某人pay a visit to sb. 高声地（喊）at the top of one's voice 在交战at war 穿旧；使筋疲力尽wear out 拔草pull out the weeds 穿着白色衣服be dressed in white 通盘，作为整体as a whole 总的来说on the whole 有志者事竟成。Where there is a will, there is a way. 乐意做某事be willing to do sth. 擦掉灰尘wipe off the dust 创造奇迹make wonders 不足为奇；难怪no wonder 插话get in a word 和某人说句话have a word with sb. 总之，简言之in a word如何写出英语作文得分的“亮点”以前,英语作文评分的依据是根据要点和语言准确度而定。但是从2001年起实行的高考评分标准强调了内容要点,语言的多样性、连贯性和得体性, 鼓励学生尝试语言表达的多样化和复杂化。因此要写成一篇较有水准的英语作文,除了要点和语言准确度以外,还必须在语用、语法结构以及表达的多样性和灵活性上有所表现。句子单一、缺乏生气的文章,哪怕没有任何错误也不可能得高分,相反,“有些许错误,但是为了使用较复杂结构或较高级词汇所致”,给分档次仍在最高档(21—25分)。

　　那么,英语作文如何才能得高分呢?以下几种手段是增加句子复杂性的常见方法,也是得高分的“亮点”。

　　1. 改变句子的开头方式,不是一味地都是主语开头,接着是谓语、宾语,最后再加一个状语。可以把状语置于句首,或用分词作状语等。试比较:

　　(原文) My brother and I went to the cinema by bicycle the other day.

　　(修正) The other day my brother and I went to the cinema by bicycle.

　　(原文) The young man couldn’t help crying when he heard the bad news.

　　(修正) Hearing the bad news, the young man couldn’t help crying.

　　2. 在整篇文章中,避免只使用一两个句式,要灵活运用诸如强调句、主从复合句、分词短语、倒装句、省略句等。例如:

　　(1)强调句

　　(原文) The dog has saved my little sister bravely.

　　(修正) It is the dog that has saved my little sister bravely.

　　(2)主从复合句

　　(原文) We had to stand there to catch the offender.

　　(修正) What we had to do was to stand there, trying to catch the offender.

　　(3)分词短语、由with或without引导的短语

　　(原文) The driver escaped and didn’t stop, he left the old man lying on the road.

　　(修正) The driver escaped without stopping, leaving the old man lying on the road.

　　(4)倒装句

　　(原文) I went to bed at 11:30.

　　(修正) Not until 11:30 did I go to bed.

　　(5)省略句

　　(原文) While you are crossing the street, you should be careful.

　　(修正) While crossing the street, you should be careful.

　　3. 通过分句和合句,增强句子的连贯性和表现力。例如:

　　(原文) He stopped us an hour ago. He made us catch the next offender.

　　(修正) He stopped us half an hour ago and made us catch the next offender.

　　(原文) We had a short rest. Then we began to play happily. We sang and danced.

　　(修正) After a short rest, we had great fun singing and dancing.

　　4. 注意连接词与句子的运用。

　　以2001年高考作文为例,在信的开头,可加上“You want to know something about what is going on in schools in China?”这句话起承上启下的作用,使文章过渡自然;再如,用“What was worse?”引出减负前,晚上还要做作业,就寝时间11:30等要点。又如,“Now I have more free time...” 可引出减负后的情况。另外,在信的结尾,可用“How about you? I’m looking forward to hearing from you.”来自然地结束这封信。

　　5. 使用过渡词语。

　　写好了每个句子,并不一定就是一篇好文章,因为作为一篇文章,还必须行文连贯。那么,如何使文章行文连贯呢?这就要求我们在组成篇章时,要用好过渡性词语,过渡性词语就像是我们组装机械时使用的润滑剂一样,起着润滑的作用。常用的过渡词语主要有:

　　并列递进:and, also, as well as, besides, what’s more, furthermore, moreover, etc.

　　转折:but, yet, however, although, nevertheless, in spite of, after all, etc.

　　因果:because, as, for, since, for this reason, because of, so, therefore, thus, as a result, etc.

　　对比:or, otherwise, like, unlike, on the contrary, while, on the other hand, instead of, etc.

　　总结:in all, in brief, on the whole, in short, in general, in one word, etc.

　　总之,要使文章的层次高,可读性强,考生应增加些较高级的词汇与复杂的结构,并运用恰当的连接词和复合句,只有这样,才能在考试中取得理想的成绩。

　　英语开放式作文答题思路例与析随着高考英语的改革，英语作文的命题更具有开放性。开放式作文不同于书面表达，书面表达往往给出较为详细的提示，考生只需把提示要点转译成英语，加上一些适当的连接词连接上下文就行了，所以书面表达常有参考范文。而开放式作文只给出主题或两三点提示，由考生去发挥、构思，考生的思路是不同的，写出来的文章当然不会是一样的，所以开放式作文没有参考范文。

　　开放式作文的答题思路与汉语作文非常相像。首先要明确主题，然后根据主题搭建文章的主体结构，即写作提纲，接着进行文章血肉的填充。在拟写作提纲时，要突出主题，有层次，先写什么，后写什么，要层次分明。

　　下面我们结合例题，对开放式作文答题思路作一说明，以飨考生。

　　[例1]根据下面的提示，用英语写一篇120词左右的短文。

　　吉姆毕业后想去找工作，他的第一次就业面试失败了，但他学到了许多东西。(用记叙文体裁)

　　思路分析：本篇作文的要求要写成记叙文。吉姆毕业后想找工作，在写作时，写什么工作都行。他的第一次就业面试失败，应是记叙的主要部分。面试一定要回答有关问题，吉姆肯定要准备一些问题。由面试失败，问题主要出在回答问题上，可能是答非所问，也可能是太紧张，回答得不得体，或没有回答上来。所学到的教训可以是人际交往方面的问题，如微笑、举手投足、态度、机智，也可以是心理素质方面的问题。

　　例文：

　　After graduation Jim wanted to be a teacher. But he failed in his interview with the school principal. It was in the early morning that Jim went for the interview. Before he went there, Jim had been well prepared. He had worked out a list of questions that might be put to him. And then, he had carefully prepared the answers. Besides, he practised answering for quite some time. But when he was faced with the principal, he forgot all about the answers. He found the questions easy; however, all he was doing was stuttering and stammering. Later Jim said it wasn't the questions that failed him but the looks on the principal's face. He didn't smile at all. So Jim learned something from his failure.

　　[例2]根据下面的提示，用英语写一篇120词左右的短文。

　　1)眼睛是心灵的窗口。

　　2)学会如何保护眼睛。

　　思路分析：从题目的要求看，本篇作文要求写成说明文。重点要放在如何保护眼睛上。例如：不要看书时间太长，眼睛与书的距离要适当，走路坐车时不要看书，要常做眼保健操等。如何保护眼睛这个问题比较好写，因为考生有这方面的知识和体验。

　　例文：

　　People often say, "Eyes are the windows of soul". All of us understand the importance of the eyes. But how to protect eyesight still remains a question among us students.

　　If you want to take care of your eyesight, you must pay attention to the following points. Firstly, you should not use your eyes continuously for long periods. After you have read for a long time, about two hours or so, you take a rest by looking at something more distant. Secondly, you should keep your book about a foot away from your eyes when you read it. You should also keep in mind: "Don't read in a dim light or in the sun; don't read in a moving bus or in bed." Doing eye exercises regularly will help you keep good eyesight.

　　If you fail to keep these rules, you will become short-sighted sooner or later.

　　[例3]根据下面的提示，用英语写一篇120词左右的短文。

　　谈谈对考试的看法。

　　思路分析：本文是一篇议论文。考试有好处有坏处，先说明好处：可以检验学生学的情况和教师教的情况；再说明过多考试的坏处：增加学生的负担，使学生失去学习兴趣。最后总结出你的看法。

　　例文：

　　In my opinion， examinations are necessary for students. They can tell us how much the students have learned and what their strong points and what their weak points are in their study progress. Therefore, the proper exams are useful to the students further studies. At the same time, they are also helpful to the teachers. The teachers can get to know clearly what their students' problems are. Then they can get to change their teaching plans and improve their teaching methods so as to help their students study. However, if there are too many examinations, they will do more harm than good to the students. The examinations will become a heavy burden on the students. Sooner or later the students will get tired of them and lose interest in studying. In a word, examinations are necessary, but too many are not good. Therefore we should reduce unnecessary examinations.

　　[例4]根据下面的提示，用英语写一篇120词左右的短文。

　　说说近年来超市(supermarket)倍受人们青睐的原因。

　　思路分析：本文重在陈述原因上。超市倍受人们青睐的原因可能是：自主购物、价廉、种类多、营业时间长、质量放心等。

　　例文：

　　More and more people like shopping in supermarkets, which have developed rapidly in recent years. This, of course, has something to do with the convenience they offer to customers.

　　Firstly, prices in supermarkets are much lower, for they are run in the self-service style, therefore, fewer shop assistants are needed. Secondly, a wide variety of goods are displayed to satisfy the needs of different people. Thirdly, supermarkets usually have longer opening hours than other shops and stores.

　　Shopping in supermarkets can make customers feel confident, comfortable and relaxed. Moreover, it saves them both time and money. That's why supermarkets are getting more and more crowded nowadays.

　　考场贴士

　　·遇到不会写的单词怎么办 遇到不会的单词时，可以用同义词或近义词代替；选择不同的词性，变化一下句型；当出现了非要使用的单词不会拼写或拼不准时，不要放弃；尽量采用较简单的词和句子结构和句型来表达相近或与主题相关的内容。 ·作文中的首字母何时大写 冠词都不需要大写；字母多于三个(不含三个)的介词、连词首字母要大写；题目的第一个单词；名词、动词、形容词、副词、代词、感叹词首字母；大写所有英语中要求大写的单词。如月份、人名、地名等等。 ·作文字数如何把握 在题目要求范围内如果有能力写的稍微多一点，问题不大。如果追求长度，而忘了写那些话是不是真正有意义，是不是真正跟题目相关，那就没有太大价值。 ·发现跑题如何补救 从感觉跑题起写切合题目的内容，通过一些关联词转接过来，让阅卷者知道你真正想表达的内容。比如用一句“刚才谈了那么多，但是对这个问题真正重要的方面是……”即可补救。 ·字迹潦草会不会扣分 尽量一笔一画写清楚，潦草程度不至于让考官很难判断是没有问题的，但是如果让考官很难判断还是要扣分。 ·考作文的时间安排 写作理想时间是30分钟，最少不能少于20分钟，要有一定的时间限制。

　　高考英语作文万能公式高考英语作文开头万能公式开头万能公式一：名人名言 有人问了，“我没有记住名言，怎么办？尤其是英语名言？”，很好办：编！ 原理：我们看到的东西很多都是创造出来的，包括我们欣赏的文章也是，所以尽管编，但是一定要听起来很有道理呦！而且没准将来我们就是名人呢！对吧？ 经典句型： a proberb says, “ you are only young once.” （适用于已记住的名言） it goes without saying that we cannot be young forever. （适用于自编名言） 更多经典句型：as everyone knows, no one can deny that… 2． 开头万能公式二：数字统计 原理：要想更有说服力，就应该用实际的数字来说明。 原则上在议论文当中十不应该出现虚假数字的，可是在考试的时候哪管那三七二十一，但编无妨，只要我有东西写就万事大吉了。所以不妨试用下面的句型： according to a recent survey, about 78.9％ of the college students wanted to further their study after their graduation. 看起来这个数字文邹邹的，其实都是编造出来的，下面随便几个题目我们都可以这样编造： honesty 根据最近的一项统计调查显示，大学生向老师请假的理由当中78％都是假的。 travel by bike 根据最近的一项统计调查显示，85％的人在近距离旅行的时候首选的交通工具是自行车。 youth 根据最近的一项统计调查显示，在某个大学，学生的课余时间的70％都是在休闲娱乐。 five－day work week better than six－day work? 根据最近的一项统计调查显示，98％的人同意每周五天工作日。 更多句型： a recent statistics shows that …高考英语文章主体段落三大杀手锏举实例 思维短路，举实例！提出一个观点，举实例！提出一个方案，举实例！而且者也是我们揭示一个观点最好的方式，任何情况下，只要我们无法继续文章，不管三七二十一，尽管举例子！ in order to attract more customers, advertisers have adopted every possible stimulative factor in making ads, such as sound, light, colours, cartoon films and human performance. for instance, to advertise a certain food, advertisers will ask an actor or actress to sit at a table and devour the seemingly delicious food while they fime him or her. 更多句型：to take … as an example, one example is…, another example is…, for example 二、做比较 方法：写完一个要点，比较与之相似的；又写完一个要点，再比较与之相反的； 世界上没有同样的指纹，没有相同的树叶，文章亦同，只有通过比较，你才会发现二者的相同点（through comparison）和不同点（through contrast）。下面是一些短语： 相似的比较： in comparison, likewise, similarly, in the same manner 相反的比较： on the other hand, conversely, whereas, while, instead, nevertheless, in contrast, on the contrary, compared with …, … 三、换言之 没话说了,可以换一句话再说，让你的文章在多一些字，或者文邹邹地说，是让读者更充分的理解你的观点。 实际就是重复重复再重复！下面的句子实际上就三个字 i love you! i am enthusiastic about you. that is to say, i love you. i am wild about you. in other words, i have fallen in love with you. 或者上面我们举过的例子： i cannot bear it. 可以用短语表达：i cannot put up with it. 因此可以这样说：i cannot bear it. that is to say, i cannot put up with it or i am fed up with it. 更多短语： in more difficult language, in simpler words, put it more simply

　　高考英语作文结尾万能公式1． 结尾万能公式一：如此结论 说完了，毕竟要归纳一番，相信各位都有这样的经历，领导长篇大论，到最后终于冒出个“总而言之”之类的话，我们马上停止开小差，等待领导说结束语。也就是说，开头很好，也必然要有一个精彩的结尾，让读者眼前一亮，这样，你就可以拿高分了！比如下面的例子： obviously（此为过渡短语）, we can draw the conclusion that good manners arise from politeness and respect for others. 如果读者很难“显而见之”，但说无妨，就当读者的眼光太浅罢了！ 更多过渡短语： to sum up, in conclusion, in brief, on account of this, thus 更多句型： thus, it can be concluded that…, therefore, we can find that… 2． 结尾万能公式二：如此建议 如果说“如此结论”是结尾最没用的废话，那么“如此建议”应该是最有价值的废话了，因为这里虽然也是废话，但是却用了一个很经典的虚拟语气的句型。拽！ obviously, it is high time that we took some measures to solve the problem. 这里的虚拟语气用得很经典，因为考官本来经常考这个句型，而如果我们自己写出来，你说考官会怎么想呢？ 更多句型： accordingly, i recommend that some measures be taken. consequently, to solve the problem, some measures should be taken.