浙江省金华市孝顺高级中学2016届高考英语作文专题复习：短文改错考点学案

　　名词

　　一、考点规律分析

　　短文改错的名词考点主要涉及名词的单复数,即在该用复数的地方误用其单数,或在该用单数的地方误用其复数。

　　二、真题单句归纳

　　Last Sunday morning, when I was having a walk in the park near my home, I came across a crew making a new film with one of my favorite actor. （2011·陕西卷）

　　He was right there in the front of me! （2011·陕西卷）

　　My brother was so fond of the museums there that he begged my parents to stay another couple of day.（2011·全国II）

　　In early January this year, the rate of UFO reports was steady, around three per weeks. （2011·辽宁卷)

　　Tom was having much troubles getting up in the morning and was always late for work.（2011·四川卷)

　　It felt very strange to travel without any luggages.（2011·全国新课标卷）

　　When I finally arrived at my friend he lent me lots of clothes. （2011·全国新课标卷）

　　I was playing at my cousin house.（2011·浙江卷）

　　Although her English is a little hard to understand, we enjoy chatting and we usually talk a lot about our own family.（2011·重庆卷）

　　改正方法:(1)根据名词前的修饰限定成份;(2)根据上下文的逻辑关系。

　　模拟单句演练

　　（1） Women live longer than men in most country.

　　（2） The film is very interesting. I have seen it many time.

　　（3） It's said that all the ticket have been sold out.

　　（4） The children spend a lot of times watching TV.

　　（5） I met a lot of interesting peoples on holiday.

　　（6） Computer are becoming more and more popular in the country.

　　（7） He made his first time visit to China when he was 18.

　　（8） There's a paper's factory near our school.

　　（9） It's one of the most interesting book that I've ever read.

　　（10）Hearing the news, the woman burst into tear.

　　时态

　　一、考点规律分析

　　动词时态考点主要涉及一般现在时与一般过去的区别,其命题方式通常是在一个一般现在时的背景下误用某个一般过去时；或者反过来,在一个一般过去时的背景下误用某个一般现在时。从所涉及的动词来看,主要涉及be 和 have两个常用动词。有时也涉及其他时态,如一般将来时,现在完成时等,但很少见。

　　二、真题单句归纳

　　Unfortunately, by the time I got back, they have finished the scene and actor couldn't be seen anywhere.（2011·陕西卷）

　　When I finally arrived at my friend's he lent me lots of clothes. I feel very happy that I could change my clothes at last.（2011·全国新课标卷）

　　She knows what had happened, but she thanked me and never mentioned it again.（2011·浙江卷）

　　We became friends shortly after we meet each other.（2011·重庆卷）

　　动词

　　动词考点规律分析

　　动词考点归纳的是除动词时态与非谓语动词之外的动词考点,它包括被动语态、情态动词、动词形式的变化、动词用法辨析、动词 be 的误加与漏用等。

　　二、真题单句归纳

　　I couldn't believe my luck-not only did I had my photo taken with him, but he signed his name on my shirt!（2011·陕西卷）

　　However, my father had to return to work on Monday so we fly back last Saturday afternoon.（2011·全国II）

　　I guessed, even at that age, I would never be able to enjoy playing with the toy or faced my cousin again; （2011·浙江卷）

　　三、模拟单句演练

　　（1） He lied down by the side of the path to rest.

　　（2） Books may be keep for four weeks.

　　（3） Uncle Ben will also go back for Christmas.

　　（4） …and let you know when the book you want has returned.

　　（5） I'd like to your pen-friend, and get to know more about your country.

　　（6） They eager to know everything about China and asked me lots of questions.

　　（7）Because of so much viewing, children may not be develop the habit of reading and the ability to enjoy themselves.

　　（8） What your favorite sport？

　　（9） I use to play ping-pong a lot in my spare time, but now I am interested in football.

　　（10）I followed her advice and should put down 100 words or so each day.

　　主谓一致

　　一、考点规律分析

　　从广义来说,英语中的一致问题涉及多个方面,如主谓一致、人称的一致、并列结构的前后一致等。由于人称的一致已归入“代词”考点、并列结构的前后一致已分别归入非谓语动词、时态等,所以这里只归纳主谓一致问题。

　　二、真题单句归纳

　　In early January this year, the rate of UFO reports were steady,around three per week. （2011·辽宁卷）

　　Luckily I had all my money in my pocket, but the only clothes I had was those I had on.（2011·全国新课标卷）

　　Katia,like many other Russian girls, are nice and lively. （2011·重庆卷）

　　改正方法:分清主语

　　四、模拟单句演练

　　（1） Her parents were in Shanghai, and so was his.

　　（2） As is known to us all, remembering English words are not easy.

　　（3） The police was looking for the murderer everywhere in the city.

　　（4） Writing English and speaking it is different things.

　　（5） It is the parents and their son who wants to buy the bicycle.

　　（6） What he said at the meeting were very important to us.

　　多词

　　一、考点规律分析

　　多词错误主要涉及英语中一些“小”词,如冠词、介词、不定式符号、人称代词、动词 be、比较级more等。具体说来,多词错误可能涉及的问题有：及物动词后接宾语时误加介词,在该用动词原形的地方误加不定式符号to,在物质名词、抽象名词、复数名词等表示泛指时误加定冠词,在一些可直接用作状语的短语前误加介词in, on, for 等,误加一些导致语义重复的小词（如two 与both连用,all 与whole 连用等）,在本身已是比较级的词前误加more,在不是从句的地方误加从句“引导词”,在一些习惯用语和固定表达中误加不该用的“小词”（如冠词、介词、副词等）,等等。

　　二、真题单句归纳

　　My brother was so much fond of the museums there that he begged my parents to stay another couple of days.（2011·全国II）

　　He wrote an article,which said that all UFO reports could be explained for quite naturally by aircraft movements.（2011·辽宁卷）

　　His boss wanted to fire him if he didn't start coming on time,so he went to the doctor for a help. （2011·四川卷）

　　When I finally arrived at my friend's he lent to me lots of clothes. （2011·全国新课标卷）

　　I guessed, even at that age, I would never be able to enjoy to playing with the toy or face my cousin again;（2011·浙江卷）

　　Now, we are planning a small party for the next Sunday.（2011·重庆卷）

　　三、模拟单句演练

　　（1） David pointed to a path which it he thought would probably lead to a village.

　　（2） Modern people know more about the health, have better food, and live in clearer surroundings.

　　（3） Most people can quickly get for help from a doctor or go to a hospital when they are ill.

　　（4） As a result, people in the modern world generally live much more longer than people in the past.

　　（5） I never knew about a ride down a river could be so exciting.

　　（6） Today I visited the Smiths — my first time visit to an American family.

　　（7） I'll spend all the whole weekend reading and preparing for it.

　　（8） Suddenly, I caught a sight of my English teacher in the crowd.

　　（9）Because of so much viewing, children may not be develop the habit of reading and the ability to enjoy themselves.

　　（10） Though I am a student now, I will work as very hard to make my dream come true.  

　　缺词

　　一、考点规律分析

　　与多词错误的情形相似,缺词也主要涉及英语中一些“小”词,如冠词、介词、不定式符号、人称代词、动词 be等。具体说来,漏词错误可能涉及的问题有：不及物动词后接宾语时漏加必要的介词,在该带不定式符号to的地方漏加 to,在单数可数名词表示泛指意义时漏加必要的限定词（尤其是漏加不定冠词）,漏掉表特指的定冠词,漏掉被动语态中的助动词 be,漏加系表结构中的连系动词 be,漏加一些常用结构或表达中的介词（如漏掉 a lot of 中的 of,漏掉 because of 中的 of,漏掉 instead of 中的 of等）,漏掉某些从句的“引导词”（通常会导致意义不通）,等等。

　　二、真题单句归纳

　　I didn't have my camera with me at that time, so I rushed back home to get . （2011·陕西卷）

　　The commanding officer,Wayne Tyler,who directly responsible for the study of all such repsorts,decided to make his findings known. （2011·辽宁卷）

　　He had time for a proper breakfast and was still the first reach the factory.（2011·四川卷）

　　I was going to visit a friend there and after that I would go to Xiamen for long holiday.（2011·全国新课标卷）

　　I put into my pocket when he wasn't looking.（2011·浙江卷）

　　This is the first time that I′ve been away my family for such a long time. （2011·重庆卷）

　　三、模拟单句演练

　　（1） When I have free time I go a long walk.

　　（2） Good health is person's most valuable possession.

　　（3） In some places you may borrow many books as you want.

　　（4）We must keep in mind that we play for the team instead ourselves.

　　（5） My parents love me dearly of course and will do all they can make sure that I get a good education.

　　（6） There is public library in every town in Britain.

　　（7） But then there is always more mysteries look into.

　　（8） I'd like very much come but I have an examination on Monday morning.

　　介词

　　一、考点规律分析

　　短文改错对介词的考查主要涉及在及物动词后接宾语时误加介词和在不及物动词后接宾语时漏加介词、可直接用作状语的副词短语前误加介词、介词与其他词的常用搭配、常用介词的基本用法、习语中的介词用法等。

　　二、真题单句归纳

　　I was really disappointed and about to leave when he walked out a building.（2011·陕西卷）

　　Thank you very much for showing us around your city and providing us for the wonderful meals.（2011·全国II）

　　When, however, on Monday, January 16, a science fiction film about visitors to outer space was shown on television,there was an immediate increase in reports of sightings from all parts of the States. （2011·辽宁卷）

　　Tom was having much trouble getting up in the morning and was always late with work.（2011·四川卷）

　　Luckily I had all my money on my pocket, but the only clothes I had were those I had on.（2011·全国新课标卷）

　　There was one on particular I'd always wanted.（2011·浙江卷）

　　三、模拟单句演练

　　（1） We must serve for the people heart and soul.

　　（2） I followed the man for a while, and saw him enter into the bank.

　　（3） Soon the nurse married with my friend Jim.

　　（4） I took a great many of photographs in the mountains.

　　（5） In English class,we often talk each other in English.

　　（6） Don't talk. What the man says is well worth listening.

　　（7） The chair looks hard, but it is comfortable to sit.

　　（8） She was very kind and insisted lending her car to us.

　　（9） I asked to her what she would be doing on Saturday.

　　（10）On his way to home, he met one of his old friends Jack.

　　从句及并列连词

　　一、考点规律分析

　　短文改错对从句引导词的考查主要涉及根据句意正确选用引导词、引导词的误加与漏用、将不是从句的东西误认为是从句而误加引导词等。

　　二、真题单句归纳

　　I didn't have my camera with me at that time, but I rushed back home to get it. （2011·陕西卷）

　　It's been a week after we left your family and we are now back home.（2011·全国II）

　　Following this explanation,there was a rapid drop in the number of reported sightings,because the rate remained above the previous level.（2011·辽宁卷）

　　His boss wanted to fire him if he didn't start coming on time,but he went to the doctor for help. （2011·四川卷）

　　I bought my ticket but turned around to pick up my bag form the floor and then I realized that someone had stolen it.（2011·全国新课标卷）

　　We're both surprised that Chinese culture or Russian culture are so different.（2011·重庆卷）

　　There ,Katia will introduce me to some of her friends, one of who has been to China several times. I just can't wait.（2011·重庆卷）

　　三、改正方法：

　　1）根据句意确定错误；主要考查and、or、but、so等并列连词的误用。

　　2）根据句子的逻辑关系确定错误。

　　四、模拟单句演练

　　（1） He is the man his car was stolen.

　　（2） That's the hotel which we were staying last summer.

　　（3） That's the palace where we visited last summer.

　　（4） I suddenly woke up in mid-night. And it was a long time I got to sleep again.

　　（5） In the past few years when we've planted thousands of trees along the river.

　　（6） At the airport where all the baggage must be examined.

　　（7） He wrote me a letter and asked I was getting on.

　　（8） She stayed in France for 10 years. That's she spoke French so well.

　　（9） It's really a beautiful place, where everyone hopes to visit.

　　（10）It cost nothing. Anyone can get it unless he likes it.

　　非谓语动词

　　一、考点规律分析

　　短文改错对非谓语动词的考查主要涉及不定式符号 to 的有无,介词后该使用动词的什么形式（用动名词）,并列结构中几个非谓语动词是否一致,动词用作主语时用何种形式（可用动名词或不定式,但不能用动词原形）等。

　　二、真题单句归纳

　　Last Sunday morning, when I was having a walk in the park near my home, I came across a crew make a new film with one of my favorite actors. （2011·陕西卷）

　　My brother was so fond of the museums there that he begged my parents to staying another couple of days.（2011·全国II）

　　The commanding officer, Wayne Tyler, who was directly responsible for the study of all such repsorts, decided to making his findings known. （2011·辽宁卷）

　　Follow this explanation, there was a rapid drop in the number of reported sightings, but the rate remained above the previous level.（2011·辽宁卷）

　　The man did as told and slept really well, wake up before the alarm had even gone off.（2011·四川卷）

　　He had time for a proper breakfast and was still the first reach the factory.（2011·四川卷）

　　"Boss," he said ,"that medicine really works!" I'm pleasing to hear it ,”said his boss,”but where were you yesterday?”

　　（2011·四川卷）

　　My summer travel started terribly .I was at the Shanghai Railway Station buy a ticket to Hang Zhou. （2011·全国新课标卷）

　　With the help of Katia, a roommate of mine, I′ve soon got used to live without my parents around.

　　三、改正方法：1）谓语动词和非谓语动词的错用；2）动词不定式和动名词的错用；3）现在分词和过去分词的错用等。

　　四、模拟单句演练

　　（1） David and I wanted go off to find help but Bill insisted on staying near the car.

　　（2） I want to thank you again for have me in your home for the summer holidays.

　　（3） It was very kind of them to meet me at the railway station and drove me to their home.

　　（4） I went back to get David and helped him to stood up.

　　（5） I look forward to hear from you soon.

　　（6） I'd like very much come but I have an examination on Monday morning.

　　（7） I'll spend the whole weekend reading and prepare for it.

　　（8） Play football not only makes us grow up tall and strong but also gives us a sense of fair play and team spirit.

　　（9） After learn the basics of the subject, nothing else seemed very practical to me.

　　（10）As we climbed the mountain, we fed monkeys, visiting temples and told stories.

　　（11） But his parents think go to college is more important than playing sports.

　　(12） I am thinking of making a trip to London, and visit the British Museum and some parks.

　　冠词

　　一、考点规律分析

　　短文改错对冠词的考查主要涉及冠词的误加和漏用,有时也考查不定冠词与定冠词以及零冠词的用法区别（包括 a 与 an 的区别）。其中,涉及最多的是,当一个单数可数名词表示泛指时,其前漏用不定冠词；另外,冠词在一些习语中的用法也是一个重要考点。

　　二、真题单句归纳

　　If you'd like to make trip to our city some day, I will be more than happy to be your guide. （2011·全国II）

　　When, however, on Monday, January 16, a science fiction film about visitors from outer space was shown on television, there was the immediate increase in reports of sightings from all parts of the States. （2011·辽宁卷）

　　三、模拟单句演练

　　（1）Her sister, who is nurse, will marry one of the doctors in the hospital.

　　（2）It was such wonderful dinner that we enjoyed it very much.

　　（3）It was raining hard, so I had to borrow a umbrella.

　　（4）My friend Mary comes from an European country.

　　（5）Mr Smith used to be physics teacher till he turned writer.

　　（6）In the word, he is a good student and all of us like him.

　　（7）People made the fun of her because she wore such strange clothes.

　　（8）You don't know what wonderful time we've had.

　　代词

　　一、考点规律分析

　　短文改错对代词的考查主要涉及人称代词的前后一致性（包括指代的一致性和单复数的一致性）、人称代词的主格与宾语变化、各类代词的误加与漏用（尤其是一些易受汉语影响的结构）、某些不定代词的用法（尤其是在意思上用错）、代词在某些习语中的用法等。

　　二、真题单句归纳

　　Thank you very much for showing them around your city and providing us with the wonderful meals. （2011·全国II）

　　The commanding officer,Wayne Tyler,who was directly responsible for the study of all such repsorts,decided to make his findings known. They wrote an article,which said that all UFO reports could be explained quite naturally by aircraft movements.（2011·辽宁卷）

　　The doctor gave him some medicine and told him to take them before he went to bed.（2011·四川卷）

　　With the help of Katia, a roommate of me, I’ve soon got used to living without my parents around.

　　三、模拟单句演练

　　（1）David pointed to a path which it he thought would probably lead to a village.

　　（2）When we walked to the car, Bill smiled and shook head.

　　（3）I think I liked those classes because I felt that it helped me understand what the world works.

　　（4）And I can't forget the good food you cooked for I.

　　（5）But his parents think going to college is more important than playing sports and college is the only place for a smart boy like his son.

　　（6）The Smiths did his best to make me feel at home.

　　（7）In any other words, I am an only child.

　　形容词和副词

　　一、考点规律分析

　　短文改错对形容词与副词的考查主要涉及形容词和副词比较等级的误用（尤其是在本身已是比较级的词前误加more）、形容词与副词的混用（如修饰动词时误用形容词或修饰名词时误用副词）等,另外,用作表语时该用形容词的却误用了名词、简短副词（如 in, down 等）的误加与漏用、涉及形容词搭配的as…as 结构、how 与 what 的混用等也是常考的考点。

　　二、真题单句归纳

　　Unfortunately, by the time I got back, they had finished the scene and the actor couldn't be seen everywhere.（2011·陕西卷）

　　I was really disappointing and about to leave when he walked out of a building.（2011·陕西卷）

　　If you'd like to make a trip to our city some day, I will be better than happy to be your guide.（2011·全国II）

　　He had time for a properly breakfast and was still the first to reach the factory.（2011·四川卷）

　　I was at the Shanghai Railway Station buying a ticket to Hang Zhou. I was going to visit a friend here and after that I would go to Xiamen for a long holiday.（2011·全国新课标卷）

　　Since his family was rich than mine, he had more toys than I did.（2011·浙江卷）Late on, my aunt drove me home. （2011·浙江卷）

　　When she dropped me off, I pulled out the toy slow and gave it back.（2011·浙江卷）

　　She knew what had happened, but she thanked me and ever mentioned it again.（2011·浙江卷）

　　Although her English is a little hardly to understand, we enjoy chatting and we usually talk a lot about our own families

　　改正方法：主要考查形容词和副词的误用、形容词及副词的比较级等。1）根据adj.或adv.的基本用法确定错误；2）修饰连系动词或名词用形容词；3）修饰行为动词、形容词、过去分词及整个句子用副词。

　　模拟单句演练

　　（1） I'll try to be more carefully next time.

　　（2） China is much more bigger than the United States.

　　（3） There are few boys than girls in our class.

　　（4） He says that skiing is much exciting than skating.

　　（5） Strange, they even know everything about me.

　　（6） He found someone was following her, so she felt frightening.

　　（7） It was real very dangerous. You might have injured yourself.

　　（8） In fact, they finally came back home,safely and sound.

　　（9）The fish tastes well； why not have a try？

　　【短文改错顺口溜】

　　动词形,名词数, 还要注意形和副； 非谓语,细辨别, 习惯用法要记住；

　　句子成分多分析, 逻辑错误须关注； 冠词连词常光顾。