安徽省明光英普辅导中心高考英语一轮总复习课件：Unit21《HumanBiology》

　　38. The discovery is very important for the research into the fields except ________. A. geological distribution

　　B. migration C. evolvement

　　D. food source 答案与解析：D　从最后一段话中的“The discovery...of dinosaur”可知A、B、C项都有涉及，只有D项food source没有提及，故选D项。 39. What is the best title for the passage? A. Discovering Asia's Heaviest Dinosaur in China B. How to Find the Dinosaur's Fossils C. The Local People Use the Fossils as Medicine D. How Scientists Protect the Fossils of the Dinosaurs 答案与解析：A　本文主要讲了在中国发现亚洲最重的恐龙化石的事件及其重要意义，故A项最符合题意。 Ⅳ.短文改错 Although we may not realize it, but when we talk with others we make ourselves understand not just by words. We send messages to the people around us also by our expressions and body movement. A smile and a handshake shows welcome. Wave one's hand is to say “Goodbye”.

　　Nodding head means agreement when shaking it means disagreement. These gestures are received both by Chinese and English speakers as having the same meaning. But not all body language means the same thing in different country. Take nodding the head for example. In some Asia countries it means not “Yes” but “No”． 答案： Although we may not realize it, but(yet) 或(but/ ) when we talk with others we make ourselves understand (understood) not just by words. We send messages to the people around us also by our expressions and body movement(movements). A smile and a handshake shows(show) welcome. Wave(Waving ) one's hand is to say “Goodbye”.

　　Nodding ∧(the/one's/your) head means agreement when (while) shaking it means disagreement. These gestures are received(accepted) both by Chinese and English speakers as having the same meaning. But not all body language means the same thing in different country(countries). Take nodding the head for example. In some Asia(Asian) countries it means not “Yes” but “No”． 5．—Why did you sell the house at a very low price? —I have no other choice. The ________ forced me to do that. A. state

　　B. condition C. circumstance

　　D. cnvironment 答案与解析：C　句意：——你为什么把房子低价出售了？——我没有其他选择了。当时的情况迫使我那么做的。circumstance作“情况，环境”讲时，常用复数形式，符合题意。state“状态”；condition“条件，情况”，指一定时间内人的感觉或事情所处的情况；environment“(自然)环境”。 6．It is very clear that TV programs usually ________ to the tastes of all age groups. A. cater

　　B. devote C. lead

　　D. appeal 答案与解析：A　考查易混动词词组的辨析。cater to迎合，满足；devote to把……奉献于；lead to导致，通向；appeal to呼吁，要求，有吸引力。句意：显然，电视节目通常迎合所有年龄组别的品味。 7．Father ________ all the neighbors to dinner at a nearby restaurant to thank them all. A. supplied

　　B. accepted C. treated

　　D. served 答案与解析：A　句意：父亲在附近一家餐馆招待所有的邻居，以感谢他们。 8．He told us that he was going to Canada to ________ his fortune. A. seek

　　B. research C. gather

　　D. produce 答案与解析：A　seek one's fortune为固定词级组，意为“寻求发财的机会，碰财运”。 9．She ________ her power as an accountant by lending the company's money to her friends. A. insulted

　　B. criticized C. scolded

　　D. abused 答案与解析：D　本题考查易混动词辨析。insulted侮辱；criticized批评；scolded责备；abused滥用。句意：作为会计，她“滥用”权力把公司的钱借给朋友。 10．—Have you got the results of the final exam? —Not yet. It will be a few days ________ we know the full results. A. before

　　B. after C. until

　　D. when 答案与解析：A　It will be＋一段时间＋before从句(从句用一般现在时)表示“得过多长时间才……”。 11．After he hung up, he felt more tired and decided to ________ calling the detective agency until the next day. A. desire

　　B. suggest C. derive

　　D. postpone 答案与解析：D　desire渴望；suggest建议；derive起源。postpone意为“延期，推迟”，符合句意。句意：挂上了电话他感觉更累了，决定延迟到第二天再打电话给侦探事务所。 12．The government tried hard to ________ ways to halt(阻止) corruption and increase efficiency. A. prohibit

　　B. seek C. intrude

　　D. accept 答案与解析：B　prohibit禁止；intrude干涉；accept接受。seek意为“寻找”，符合句意。句意：政府努力寻找根除腐败、提高效率的方法。 13．If you ________ your medicine this morning, you would feel much better now. A. took

　　B. would take C. had taken

　　D. would have taken 答案与解析：C　考查混合条件句。根据this morning可知，从句与过去情况相反。而主句时间为now，与现在情况相反。与过去情况相反，从句使用had done sth.，故选C项。 14．—It was the drug, rather than the disease, that killed the boy. —He ________ still alive today if he ________ that drug. A．would be; hadn't taken B．is; didn't take C．would have been; hadn't taken D．will be; hasn't taken 答案与解析：A　考查混合条件句。从句与过去情况相反(根据第一句话可知)，主句与现在情况相反(根据today可知)，故选A项。 15．Our former maths teacher moved to Beijing last year, otherwise, he ________ us. A. would still have taught B. would still be teaching C. will still teach D. should still teach 答案与解析：B　考查含蓄条件句和混合条件句。otherwise表示的含蓄条件，相当于if he hadn't moved to Beijing last year, 但结果不是过去的情况，而是现在的情况，为错综条件句。句意：要是去年没有搬到北京去，那他现在就仍然教我们。 Ⅱ.完形填空 Fifteen years spent in the field of education has provided me with many treasured moments. One of the most unforgettable __16__ when I was teaching second __17__， 10 years ago. In May I decided to plan something special for the children; a Mother's Day tea. We had put our heads together to __18__ideas of how to __19__ our mothers. We practiced singing songs, memorized poems and wrote cards.

　　We decided to hold our tea the Friday before Mother's Day. I was surprised and __20__ to learn that every mother was planning to attend. I__21__ invited my own mother.

　　Finally, the big day arrived. Each child __22__up at our classroom door, expecting the arrival of his or her mom. __23__it got closer to the starting time, I looked around and my eyes quickly found Jimmy. His mother hadn't shown up and he was looking __24__. I took my mother by the hand and walked over to Jimmy. “Jimmy，” I said, “I have some problems here and I was __25__ if you could keep my mother __26__while I'm busy.” My mom and Jimmy sat at a table. Jimmy __27__ my mom her treats, and presented her with the gift I had made, just as we had __28__ the day before. Whenever I looked over, my mother and Jimmy were in deep __29__. Now 10 years later, I work with students of all ages, educating them about the environment. Last year, I took a senior class on a field trip, and there was Jimmy, I had the students complete an outline of the day's __30__ and an evaluation of our trip. Then I collected the student's booklets and checked them to see if __31__ was completed. When I came __32__Jimmy's page, he had written “Remember our Mother's Day tea we had in second grade, Mrs Marra? I do! Thanks for all you did for me, and thank your mother, too.” I told him I really enjoyed what he had written. He looked rather embarrassed and __33__ his own thanks and walked away. Suddenly he ran back and gave me a big hug.“Thanks again. No one even knew my mother didn't __34__it.” I ended my workday with a hug from a teenage boy who had __35__ stopped hugging teachers years ago. 16. A. lasted

　　B. happened

　　C. experienced

　　D. described 17. A. school

　　B. class

　　C. grade

　　D. lesson 18. A. pay attention to

　　B. look forward to

　　C. get on with

　　D. come up with 19. A. love

　　B. please

　　C. respect

　　D. admire 20. A. astonished

　　B. worried

　　C. relieved

　　D. interested 21. A. even

　　B. ever

　　C. still

　　D. once 22. A. followed

　　B. held

　　C. kept

　　D. lined 23. A. As

　　B. Although

　　C. While

　　D. Because 24. A. wild

　　B. curious

　　C. strange

　　D. upset 25. A. considering

　　B. wondering

　　C. asking

　　D. doubting 26. A. connection

　　B. care

　　C. company

　　D. concern 27. A. served

　　B. supplied

　　C. assigned

　　D. applied 28. A. taught

　　B. studied

　　C. practiced

　　D. told 29. A. mind

　　B. thought

　　C. agreement

　　D. conversation 30. A. feeling

　　B. behavior

　　C. event

　　D. action 31. A. something

　　B. everything

　　C. anything

　　D. nothing 32. A. by

　　B. to

　　C. on

　　D. over 33. A. announced

　　B. delivered

　　C. stated

　　D. whispered 34. A. make

　　B. get

　　C. do

　　D. take 35. A. probably

　　B. exactly

　　C. rarely

　　D. eagerly 答案与解析： 16. B　主语为one of the most unforgettable，省略了名词moments，空白处填不及物动词happened，符合语境。 17. C　second grade二年级。倒数第三段中Jimmy卡片上的话有提示。 18. D　come up with ideas想出办法。 19. B　how to please our mothers如何让我们的妈妈开心。母亲节举办茶话会就是为了让妈妈们高兴。 20. C　了解到所有学生的妈妈都来参加母亲节的茶话会，“我”有些意外，同时也感到欣慰。relieved欣慰的，放心的。 21. A　even甚至，用来加强语气。 22. D　line up排队(等候)。所有的学生都在教室门外排队恭候妈妈们的到来。 23. A　as随着，引导时间状语从句。语境：随着(茶话会)开始时间的临近……。 24. D　upset意为“不高兴的，失望的”。语境：由于妈妈还没有出现，吉米显得非常失望。 25. B　句式I was wondering表示非常礼貌地请求别人帮忙做某事。“我”没有时间照顾妈妈，而吉米的妈妈没按时到，于是“我”请求吉米陪伴“我”的妈妈。 26. C　keep sb. company陪伴某人，为习惯搭配。keep my mother company陪伴我的妈妈。 27. A　serve端上(饭菜)。指吉米代替“我”给妈妈递茶水和食品。 28. C　practice练习，训练。第二段的第三句“We

　　practiced singing songs，memorized poems and wrote cards.”有暗示。 29. D　句意：“我”看到他们两个人总是在热情地交谈。说明“我”妈妈和吉米相处得非常融洽。in deep conversation深入交谈。 30. C　event事件，指上文提到的“I took a senior class on a field trip”一事。 31. B　句意：“我”浏览学生的册子是为了看看他们是否填好了所有的内容。everything每件事。 32. B　come to到达，此处指当“我”看到吉米填写的册子时。 33. B　deliver发表，此处可理解为“表达”。 34. A　make it在这里表示“能够出席(或到场)”。此处指10年前开茶话会的那天，“我”的妈妈和吉米坐在一起，掩饰了他妈妈没有来的尴尬。 35. A　因为吉米已经是个大男孩儿了，所以“我”推测多年前他很可能就不再和老师拥抱了。 Ⅲ.阅读理解

　　On January 1,2008 scientists in central China's Henan Province announced that they had unearthed fossils(化石)of the heaviest dinosaur in Asia.

　　The fossils were discovered in an area between Santun township and Liudian township in Ruyang county, and the dinosaur, which has an unusually large body ，has been identified as Asia's heaviest，said Wu Guochang, general engineer of the Provincial Land Resources Department.

　　The dinosaur measures 18 meters long and its sacrum(骶骨) is as broad as 1.31 meters，making it broader than that of the dinosaur fossil unearthed in Gansu last year, which was then identified as Asia's heaviest dinosaur，said Wu.

　　Wu said scientists had thought the land where the fossils were dug up was formed in the Cenozoic Era(新生代), which dates back 65 million years, and that the former existence of dinosaurs was not possible, but local residents kept on digging up what they called

　　dragon's bones to use as traditional Chinese medicine.

　　Scientists studied the “dragon's bones” and identified them as fossils of dinosaurs that lived between 85 to 100 million years ago in the Cretaceous Period (白垩期)of the Mesozoic Era.

　　Scientists from the Henan Provincial Geological Museum and the Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences spent two years unearthing and researching the fossils and their findings have been assessed by 30 scientists from China and the United States, Britain, Germany and Japan，Wu said.

　　The discovery is very important for research into the geological distribution, migration and evolvement (进化) of this particular species of dinosaur, said Dong Zhiming, a scientist from the Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology(古生物学) under the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xinhua reported.

　　36. Before the fossils unearthed in Henan Province, where did the scientists find the heaviest dinosaur?

　　A. Gansu.

　　B. Santun.

　　C. Liudian.

　　D. Ruyang. 答案与解析：A　从第三段话可以判断出科学家们在甘肃发现了最重的恐龙化石。故选A项。 37. Why did the local residents kept on digging up the fossils?

　　A. Because they called them dragon's bones.

　　B. Because they wanted to sell the fossils.

　　C. Because they wanted to use them as traditional Chinese

　　medicine.

　　D. Because they wanted to give them to the local government. 答案与解析：C　从第四段“but”之后的句子可以得出，当地居民一直挖掘化石的原因是他们想用化石作为传统的中国药品。故选C项。 [考试题]　 (2008·南昌)The millionaire passed away，leaving his children with a large ________. A．fortune

　　B．luck C．money

　　D．amount 答案与解析：A　考查名词辨析。The millionaire 暗示留给他的孩子们的应该是财产/巨款。 15. at any rate无论如何；至少 at this rate照这样下去 at the rate of以……速度 at this rate照这样 At any rate, I determined to wait for his definite reply. 无论如何，我得等到他给我一个肯定的答复。 He said he'll be coming tomorrow. At any rate, I think that's what he said. 他说他明天要来，至少，我认为他是这么说的。 [考试题]　 (蓬莱三校)I may be away on business next week but ________ I'll be back by Friday. A. at any rate

　　B. at a rate C. at this rate

　　D. at the rate 答案与解析：A　at this rate照这样；at any rate意为“不管怎么样”。句意：我可能下周出差，但无论如何我在周五要返回来。故选A项。 16. concern n．担心，担忧；关切；vt.涉及；与……有关；影响；使担忧；使烦恼 show/express(great) concern about/for...对……表示关心/担心 as concerns＝concerning关于 as/so far as...be concerned关于；至于；就……而言 be/feel concerned about/over/at sth.关心；忧虑，挂念 be concerned in sth.和某事有牵连 be concerned with牵涉到，与……有关，参与 [预测题]　Even in Ancient Rome times parents ________ their children not following traditions. A. were contributed to

　　B. were connected with C. were concerned about

　　D. were combined with 答案与解析：C　be concerned about关心，担心；be contributed to被献给；be connected with与……连接起来；be combined with与……结合起来。由题意知选C项。 Applied science is ________ discovering ways to use the knowledge of theoretical science. A. concerned about

　　B. concerned with C. focused on

　　D. combined with 答案与解析：B　本题主要考查be concerned about和be concerned with的区别，前者意为“关心，关注”，后者意为“与……有关联，牵涉到”。句意：应用科学研究涉及探究理论科学知识的应用方法。 句 型 剖 析 It seems a real pity that thousands of people who could have benefited from Traditional Chinese Medicine missed out because of ignorance.很遗憾，由于无知，成千上万的人们错过了用传统中医治疗的机会。 It seems＋n./adj.＋that从句中，it为形式主语， that从句为真正的主语。 seem＋(to be)＋形容词/名词/介词短语/分词 seem＋to do/to have done/to be doing It seems that...(用陈述语气) It seems as if/as though...(从句可用虚拟语气) There seems (to be)．.. seem like＋n.好像…… It seems that there is no way out of difficulty. 我们似乎无法摆脱困境。 There seems (to be) every reason to believe that business will get better. 看来，完全有理由相信生意会转好。 [考试题]　 ①(2010·北京市崇文区)Oh！My God！A file seems ________ by mistake! A. deleted

　　b. to be deleted C. being deleted

　　D. to have been deleted 答案与解析：D　此题考查不定式的时态语态。seem to do似乎做某事“文件似乎已被删除”，故选D项to have been done不定式的完成时的被动语态。 ②(合肥市质检)The little girl showed no anxiety before the competition. She seemed ________ it pretty well. A. to prepare

　　B. preparing C. having prepared

　　D. to have prepared 答案与解析：D　prepare动作发生在seemed之前，故用不定式的完成时态。而seem后接动词不定式，seem to do sth.“似乎干……”，故选D项。 随 堂 检 测 Ⅰ.单词拼写 1．They spent a lot of money e________ the school with computers. 2．The group o________ the mayor and is trying to find a candidate to run against him. 3．He went from city to city, s________ for work. 4．Nowadays more and more farmer workers leave their hometown and rush into big cities to make a f________. equipping opposes seeking fortune 5．Some old people don't like pop songs because they can't t________ so much noise. 6．We have to p________ going to France because the children are ill. 7．The high cost of equipment p________ many people from taking up this sport. 8．The activities of Welsh mines went into ________(减少)after about 1880. tolerate postpone prohibits decline 9．Completed projects must be ________(提交)by 10 March, 2010. 10．They have been living in reduced ________ (情形)since John lost his job.

　　submitted circumstances Ⅱ.选择填空(有两项为多余选项) in vain, at random, at all costs, straight away, stop sth. in its tracks, at any rate, wipe out 1．You are not to allow anyone to leave the room __________. 2．They have__________the enemy's major military targets. 3．The thief tried to open the locked door but ____________. at all costs wiped out in vain 4．We may miss the next train, but ____________ we'll be there before noon. 5．When the teacher came in, she opened her book __________ and started reading. 　 at any rate at random Ⅲ.根据提示翻译句子 1．要弥补已失去的时光是不可能的。(to be made up) 答案：It is impossible for lost time to be made up. 2．人们普遍认为Bill Gates是世界上最富有的人。(be believed) 答案：Bill Gates is believed to be the richest man in the world.或It is believed that Bill Gates is the richest man in the world. 3．这次事故本来是可以避免的。(could have done ) 答案：This accident could have been prevented. 4．似乎有好多年没有见你了。(seems) 答案：It seems like years since I last saw you. Ⅳ.交际用语 1．(河南省联考)—I put him down for a well­educated man. —________？ —I mean that he's a well­educated man. A．I beg your pardon B．Speak louder, will you C．What's that D．Will you repeat word for word 答案与解析：A　由下文语境“我的意思是他是一个受过良好教育的人”可知提问者没有听明白对方的话，用I beg your pardon来请求重复。 2．(郑州质量预测)—It's getting late. I'm afraid I must be going now. —OK. ________. A. Take it easy

　　B. Go slowly C. Stay longer

　　D. See you later 答案与解析：D　句意：时间不早了，我该走了。因此答语为“再见”，在口语中通常用“See you later”或“See you”。 Take it easy“不紧张，不生气，不激动”等，用来安慰对方，而B项和C项属于汉语式的表达。 Ⅴ.语法专练 1．(2010·福建期末)—If you ________

　　to the party last Saturday, you would have met our old friend Jim. —I caught a cold, for I had been walking around in the rain. A．came B．had come

　　C．would come

　　D．would

　　have

　　come 答案：B 2．(2010·东至联考)No student ________ go out of the school campus after ten o'clock at night without permission, according to the school regulations. A. will

　　B. must

　　C. may

　　D. shall 答案：D 3．(2010·学军中学) Miss Pei is on time for everything. How ________ it be ________ she was late for the opening ceremony? A. must; where

　　B. can; that

　　C. should; when

　　D. might; if 答案：B 4．(2010·安徽质检)—Mum, would you please buy me a MP5 player? —If you can help do the dishes the whole vacation, you ________ have one as a reward. A．must

　　B．need C．would

　　D．shall 答案：D 5．(2010·淄博上学期期末) In fact, you ________ go outside at all. There's a supermarket just downstairs. A. couldn't

　　B. mustn't

　　C. needn't

　　D. shouldn't 答案：C 6．(2010·潍坊测试) Can you imagine that a smart man like him ________ make such a stupid mistake? A. might

　　B. should

　　C. would

　　D. need 答案：B 7．(2010·胶州诊断)—Be quick，please.I have to be there by 900. —________，but I'll try my best. A．That's all right

　　B．No problem

　　C．I can't promise

　　D．It's impossible 答案：C 课时检测B21(Unit 21　Human Biology)

　　Ⅰ.单项填空 1．—Is there anyone who ________ the plans put forward by the committee? —No one. A．differsB．opposes C．disagrees

　　D．refuses 答案与解析：B　句意：——有人反对由该委员会提出的这些计划吗？——没有。oppose指“经过认真考虑后反对”，符合题意。differ为不及物动词，与from搭配，表示“与……不同”；disagree“不同意”，需加with/on/to后才能跟宾语；refuse“拒绝”，为及物动词。 2．Somewhat better ________ academically, he returned home to continue his experiment. A. furnished

　　B. equipped C. provided

　　D. installed 答案与解析：B　equip“(智力、体力上)使有准备；装备；武装”，符合题意。furnish(用家具)装备(居室)；provide提供，供应；install安装(仪器、设备等)。 3．Thieves ________ the bank ________ thousands of dollars, the course of which was tape­recorded by a video. A．robbed; from

　　B．robbed; of C．stole; of

　　D．stole; from 答案与解析：B　句意：小偷们抢了银行数千美元，整个过程都被录像机录了下来。rob sb. of sth.抢了某人某物；steal sth. from sb.偷了某人某物。 4．—Why do you Chinese always add something red to the family during the Spring Festival? —Because it is believed in China that red things will bring good ________ in the coming year. A．fortune

　　B．fame C．wealth

　　D．money 答案与解析：A　由常识可知，中国人认为红色的东西能为人们在来年带来好运，故用fortune“运气”。fame名声，名词；wealth财富，财产；money钱。 5. oppose vt.反对，反抗，抵制，阻挠 be opposed to sth.反对某事物 as opposed to与……对照 opposable adj.可反对的；可对立的 opposite n．对立面；对立物adj.对立的，对面的adv.在对面prep.与……相对，在……对面 Father does not oppose the idea at all. 父亲丝毫不反对这个想法。 I am opposed to going shopping with others. 我反对与其他人一起外出购物。 [词语辨析]　oppose, object与resist ①oppose为及物动词，指“对某人、某事采取积极行动来反对”，着重指动作，尤指“反对一种观念、思想、计划等”。 ②object常指“用言论或论据等表示反对”，着重指“个人嫌厌”和“提出反对意见”。作不及物动词，后常跟to连用。 ③resist指“积极地反抗、对抗，用武力阻止……的前进”。 [考试题]　⑩(山东省临沭县)The government managed to have two chemical factories built, though ________ by the citizens. A．being opposed to

　　B．opposed to

　　C．was opposed to

　　D．having been opposed to 答案：B [用oppose, object或resist的适当形式填空] ⑪The soldiers were ________ the enemy. ⑫I ________ to his plan. ⑬The father ________ his son's marriage. resisting objected opposed 6. at all costs不管多大代价，无论如何 at all costs＝at any cost不惜任何代价，无论如何 at the cost of以……为代价 at a cost of以……的价格 at cost按成本，以成本价格(出售) cut/reduce costs减少了日常花销 cover the cost of sth.支付某物的费用 cost sb. sth.花某人……/使付出/使丧失 We must avoid war at all costs/whatever the cost. 我们必须不惜任何代价避免战争。 He saved the children from the fire at the cost of his own life. 他舍身把孩子们从大火中救出。 The students are given ￡50 a year to cover the cost of books and stationery. 学生每年得到五十英镑作为支付书籍和文具的费用。 [考试题]　 ⑭(天津十二区县)Her irresponsible behavior ________ her father many sleepless nights. A. costs

　　B. takes C. spends

　　D. pays 答案与解析：A　考查动词辨析。cost指为了某事做出某种努力或牺牲；take花费(时间)；spend花费(金钱，时间)；pay支付……的费用。句意：她那不负责任的行为使她父亲在很多个夜晚不得安睡。 ⑮(江西重点中学联考)—The man charged me 150 yuan for this coat! —Oh, my God, it sounds rather ________. A．expensively

　　B．dearly C．costly

　　D．impossibly 答案与解析：C　考查词语辨析。根据答语的前半部分可知说话人认为那个男子要价太高，此处costly是形容词，表示“昂贵的”。句中的sounds是系动词，后跟形容词作表语，而其余三项都是副词，因此不正确。 ⑯(黄冈质检)The terrible accident almost ________ the driver his life. A. valued

　　B. counted C. took

　　D. cost 答案与解析：D　考查动词辨析。value估价，重视；count计算，计算在内，认为，有价值；take拿，拿走，取，抓，占领，获得；cost价钱为，(使)花费(金钱、时间、精力等)，使失去。句意：那起可怕的事故差点要了那个司机的命。cost作“使……失去(生命、健康等)”讲时，后接双宾语，符合语境。 7. postpone vt.延期；延缓；搁置 postpone sth. (to/until sth.)推迟到…… postpone doing sth.推迟做某事 We postponed the match from March 5th to March 19th. 我们把比赛从3月5日推迟到3月19日举行。 The game has already been postponed three times. 这场比赛已经被延期三次了。 [词语辨析]　postpone, delay与put off ①postpone指将某一活动“延期”到某一确定时间。 ②delay指由于某种意外或客观原因而“耽搁或推迟”。 ③put off指主观上有意“拖延”时间。 [用postpone, delay或put off的适当形式填空] ⑰Let's ________ making a decision until we have more information. ⑱They decided to ________ the meeting. ⑲The sports meeting will be ________ because of some reason. postpone put off delayed 8. wipe v．擦，拭，抹，擦掉 wipe out彻底毁灭 wipe sth. with sth.用……擦…… wipe away擦掉，擦干 wipe...off...从……擦下去 wipe up用布擦净(液体或污渍)；用布擦干 wipe sth. from one's mind/memory故意忘记事物 The entire population was wiped out by the terrible disease. 所有的居民都被可怕的疾病夺去生命。 The cost of the new building will wipe out all the company's profits this year. 新建的大楼会花光公司今年的全部利润。 Wipe your nose with your handkerchief. 用手帕擦擦你的鼻子。 [预测题]　⑳Five hundred years ago the plague (黑死病)________almost all the population of the island. A．wiped down

　　B．wiped off C．wiped out

　　D．wiped up 答案：C 9. prohibit vt.禁止；阻止，使不可能 prohibit sb./sth. from doing sth.禁止某人/某物做某事 stop sb./sth. from doing sth.阻止某人/某物做某事 prevent sb./sth. from doing sth.阻止某人/某物做某事 keep sb./sth. from doing sth.不让某人/某物做某事 Smoking in this railway carriage is strictly prohibited. 本列车车厢严格禁止吸烟。 We are prohibited from drinking alcohol during working hours. 工作时间内我们不得喝酒。 [词语辨析]　prohibit, forbid与ban ①prohibit指(通过法律、法令、公告、严正警告)“禁止”某些事情，应用范围比其他两个词广，其常用结构为prohibit sb. from doing sth.。 ②forbid“禁止”，为常用词，常用结构forbid sb. to do sth.。 ③ban“禁止”，语气最强，指权威机关“正式禁止”，这种禁止可以是正面的，也可以是负面的；ban只以物作宾语，而不能以人作宾语。 [预测题]　Traffic regulations ________ people from riding bicycles on the sidewalk. A. stop

　　B. prohibit C. prevent

　　D. keep 答案：B [用prohibit, forbid或ban的适当形式填空] Smoking is __________ in the office building. His parents ________ him wine. Bicycles are ________ from the new motorway. prohibited forbid banned 10. foresee vt.预见，预知 The extent of the damage could not have been foreseen. 损害程度是无法预见的。 We could foresee that we would die if we couldn't reach land very soon. 可以预见，如果不能很快地靠岸登陆，我们必死无疑。 [词语辨析]　foresee, forecast, predict ①foresee强调“预见，预知”，着重宣布未来的事，而不表明所预言的事情是否正确。 ②forecast强调“预报”，指通过分析一些相关的信息、数据来预测。 ③predict常指根据已知的事实或自然规律推断出未来的事情，可用于各种不同的场合；predict所作的预言有一定的科学性。 [预测题]　Those who can ________ difficulties on their way ________ success may keep calm when they really appear. A. forecast; of

　　B. forecast; to C. foresee; to

　　D. foresee; of 答案：C [用foresee, forecast或predict的适当形式填空] The difficulties could not have been ________. Hurricanes have been __________ for tomorrow afternoon. She ________ that he would marry a doctor. foreseen forecast predicted 11. rob vt.抢夺，抢掠；盗走；剥夺 rob sb./some place of sth.抢走某人/某处某物 While she was walking, her handbag was robbed. 在她散步时，她的手提袋被抢了。 You have robbed me of the glory of youth. 你剥夺了我青春的光辉。 [考试题]　 (南安三校)On his returning from work he found his house ________. A. robbing

　　B. robbed C. stealing

　　D. stolen 答案与解析：B　房子不可能被steal，故排除C、D两项；house与rob之间是动宾关系，所以用过去分词作宾语补足语。 12. decline v．下降；婉拒，婉言谢绝；n.下降，减少 decline an offer婉拒提议 decline to do sth.拒绝做某事 a decline in...在……的方面的减少 fall/go into a decline不景气 in decline＝on the decline在下降，在衰退 declining adj.越来越少的；越来越差的 His influence declined as he grew older. 随着年龄的增长，他的影响力降低了。 We asked them to come to our party, but they declined the invitation. 我们邀请他们来参加我们的聚会，但他们婉言谢绝了。 [词语辨析]　decline，refuse与reject ①decline作“拒绝”之意时，常指有礼貌地回绝，婉言谢绝，其主语只能是人。 ②refuse语气比decline重，主语可以是人也可以是物。 ③reject比refuse语气更重，意为“抛弃，拒收，不采纳”。 [预测题]　—Did you take part in his birthday party? —No, though he invited me, I ________. A．denied

　　B．accepted C．declined

　　D．adopted 答案：C 13. equip vt.& vi.装备；配备；使有准备；使有资格 be equipped with... ＝equip...with...用……装备…… equip sth. on...在……上装备某物 equip sb. for...使某人具有…… equipment n．设备，器材 a piece of equipment for...一件……的设备 [解题警示]　equipment为不可数名词，不可用an equipment进行表达；但可以用a piece of equipment 表示“一件设备”。 [预测题]　The explorers were told to ________ themselves with everything they would need for the voyage. A．associate

　　B．equip C．relate

　　D．feed 答案：B 14. fortune n. [U] 机会；运气；[C]命运；大笔的钱 fortunate adj.幸运的，运气好的 fortunately adv.幸运地 try one's fortune碰运气 tell sb.'s fortune为某人算命 come into a fortune继承大笔遗产 make a fortune发财 Unit 21Human Biology 开 篇 背 诵议论文(优劣对比类) [典型例题] (武汉调研)某英文报社正在进行题为“居住在城市的利与弊”的有关征文。请根据下面提示，给该报社写一篇征文。 利 弊 找工作容易，购物方便 生活消费高 交通便利 人口多，拥挤 有公园、饭店等休闲场所 空气污染严重、居住环境差 注意：1. 词数为100左右； 2. 可适当增加内容以使行文连贯。 Advantages and Disadvantages of Living in a City [写作提示] 1. 优劣对比类议论文是对于某个观点、优点和缺点的比较性陈述。具有鲜明的对比性。 2. 写作时注意优点和缺点的不同表达，以及对立双方之间过渡词语的准确应用。 [佳作欣赏] Advantages and Disadvantages of Living in a City Living in a city has both advantages and disadvantages. For example, there are much more job opportunities, and with many choices of public transport available, it's more convenient to travel. Besides, there are a lot of places for entertainment. You can eat in good restaurants, visit museums, watch movies and go to parks whenever you want to relax. However, living in a city is often very expensive.

　　You must find a well­paid job, or you will not be able to afford the expenses. What's more, the city is always crowded, noisy and dirty. It is very difficult to find a good place where people can enjoy peace and fresh air as in the countryside.

　　[名师点评] 1. 文章对生活在城市里的利和弊进行了阐述，条理清晰，层次分明。文章的结尾有些唐突，没有适当的提出自己的观点，这是本文的美中不足。 2. 注意利弊观点之间的衔接词However运用巧妙。还有其它一些好的衔接词如：Besides; What's more等。 3. 文中一些出彩的句式：with many choices of public transport available; eat in...，visit museums, watch movies and go to parks; living in a city is...; the city is always crowded, noisy and dirty。 教 材 自 主 回 归 记记单词 1．c________vi.循环→____________n．循环，传播→___________adj.循环性的→________adj.圆形的，环形的 2．v________vt.违反，违背→________n．违反，违背→________adj.违反地，违背地→________n．违反者 3．e________n．进入；入学→________n．入口，门口 4．t________vt.款待→________n．对待，治疗 circulate circulation circulative circular violate violation violative violator entry entrance treat treatment 5．f________vt.预见→________vt.&vi.预测，预言 6．w________adj.每周一次的→________adj.一年一次的→________adj.每月一次的→________adj.每天的；n.日报 7．m________n．最低；最小→__________n．最大，最大量8．u_____________adv.无条件地→____________adv.附有条件地→___________adj.以……为条件的，附有条件的→________n．情况，环境，条件 foresee forecast weekly yearly monthly daily minimum maximum unconditionally conditionally conditional condition 9．e________vt.使有准备→________adj.装备好的→___________n．配备，装备，器械 10．c________n．担心，担忧→___________adj.担心的，相关的→___________adv.担忧的→_____________prep.关于，有关 equip equipped equipment concern concerned concernedly concerning 记记短语 1.Floyd Landis made several lame excuses blaming medicine he had been taking for an injury but ________________________(那些全是徒劳)． 2．It is compulsory for winners to be tested but other participants ________________________(只是被随机检查)． these were all in vain are only tested at random 3．The Olympic spirit—the spirit of competition which emphasises taking part rather than winning—has been violated by the desire ____________ (不惜一切代价获得成功)． 4．I decided not to put off studying and got up early every morning to______________________________(立刻专心于工作)． to succeed at all costs get down to work straight away 5．We have to have faith that ________________________ (迟早有消灭禽流感的方法)． 6．If trends continue the way they're going, then in my opinion, yes—in developed countries ______________(至少)．

　　there will be solutions in time to stop a Bird Flu epidemic in its tracks at any rate 记记句型 1.Many contemporary amateur athletes __________________________________(会打破多项世界纪录)if they ________________(参加)the first Olympic Games. 2．Scientists now guess that ________________________ (那一地区约百分之五十的人口死于)this epidemic ________________ (使之成为主要原因之一)of the fall of the Roman Empire. would have broken world records had taken part in up to 50% of the area's population died from;

　　making it one of the main causes 3．________________________(遗憾的是)thousands of people who could have benefited from Traditional Chinese Medicine missed out because of ignorance.

　　It seems a real pity that 教 材 知 识 探 究 词 语 解 读 1. abuse n．&vt.滥用；辱骂 abuse of power滥用职权 alcohol abuse酗酒 drug abuse滥用毒品 abuse one's authority/power滥用职权/权力 Laws have been passed to prevent government officials from abusing their power. 通过立法防止官员滥用权力。 They were so rude that they often abused each other in public. 他们很粗鲁，经常在大庭广众之下彼此辱骂。 [考试题]　①(江西)He is a worthy leader, who never ________ his power which is given by people. A. uses

　　B. abuses

　　C. ignores

　　D. forces 答案：B 2. tolerate vt.容忍；忍受 tolerate (sb./one's) doing sth.容忍(某人)做某事 tolerant adj.容忍的，宽容的 be tolerant of/towards sb./sth.容忍某人/某事 tolerance n．宽容，忍受 tolerable adj.可以忍受的，可以容忍的 I won't tolerate your bad manners any longer. 我再也不能忍受你那种恶劣的态度了。 Many old people have a very limited tolerance to cold. 许多老年人对寒冷的忍受力很差。 [词语辨析]　tolerate, stand, bear与endure ①tolerate可与stand换用，但tolerate更正式，可指容忍不同观点。 ②stand后除可以跟困难外更多接人。 ③bear则指承受重负、重量、痛苦、烦恼等。 ④endure可指忍受长期的痛苦、苦难、困难等。 [考试题]　②(济宁模拟)I am a ________ man, but your behavior is more than I can bear. A．tolerant

　　B．responsible C．generous

　　D．enthusiastic 答案与解析：A　考查形容词辨析。tolerant宽容的；responsible负责的；generous慷慨的；enthusiastic热情的。根据句意，应选A项。 [用tolerate, stand, bear或endure的适当形式填空] ③The sorrow was almost more than she could ________. ④He quietly ________ the pain of a loveless marriage. ⑤I can't ________ hot weather. ⑥A government that refuses to ________ opposition cannot last long. bear endures stand tolerate 3. seek(sought，sought)vt.&vi.寻找；探索；追求 seek one's fortune 寻找致富及成功之道 seek to do sth.(＝try to do sth./attempt to do sth.) 试图做某事，企图做某事 seek one's advice 寻求某人的建议 seek(after/for)sth. 寻找某物 They are seeking the most reasonable diet that will do good to their health. 他们在寻找有益于他们健康的最合理的饮食。 [解题警示]　seek for, look for和search for都表示“找的动作”，不强调结果。 [考试题]　⑦(2010·广西柳州模拟)Various experiments have been carried out to ________ the proper way to raise children. A．make

　　B．fight C．work

　　D．seek 答案与解析：D　seek寻找，seek the proper way寻找合适的方法。 [预测题]　⑧He is always ________ fault with other people though he doesn't do his own work properly. A．seeking

　　B．looking C．finding

　　D．putting 答案与解析：C　seek寻找；look看(不及物动词；find找到；put放。find fault with意为“挑毛病”。 4. in vain徒然，白费力气 vain promises空头许诺 try in vain to do sth.枉费心机地试做某事 take sb.'s name in vain轻慢地谈论某人 We tried in vain to make him change his mind. 我们想使他改变主意，结果是白费心机。 He was vain about his looks, spending hours in the gym. 他对自己的外表很自负，在健身房里一呆就是几个小时。 [考试题]　⑨(湖北)His efforts to raise money for his program were ________ because no one showed any intention to take a cent out of their pockets. A. in place

　　B. in sight C. in effect

　　D. in vain 答案与解析：D　句意：他为他的项目筹集资金的努力付诸东流了，因为没有一个人愿意从腰包里掏出一分钱。in place在适当的位置，准备就绪；in sight在视线内可以看见；in effect生效，起作用；in vain徒劳。又如：They tried in vain to persuade her to go.他们极力劝说她去，但枉费了一番口舌。All our efforts were in vain.我们所有的努力全都是枉费心机。