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安徽省明光英普辅导中心高考英语二轮复习精品课件:省略、替代、强调及其他特殊句式

发布时间:2017-01-12  编辑:查字典英语网小编

  * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 【2012重庆卷】32. It was 80 years before Christopher Columbus crossed the Atlantic______ Zheng sailed to East Africa A. when

  B. that

  C. after

  D. since 【考点】特殊句式—强调句型 【答案】B

  【解析】句子虽然比较长,但是其主干为强调句型,是对“80 years before Christopher Columbus crossed the Atlantic”进行了强调,由此可知,空白处应该填写“that”。因此,正确答案为B选项。 【难度】一般 【2012辽宁卷】32.

  Not until he retired from teaching three years ago

  having a holiday abroad.

  A.

  he had considered

  B.

  had he considered

  C.

  he considered

  D.

  did he consider 【考点】特殊句式—倒装。 【答案】D 【解析】Not until位于句首时句子要倒装,consider having a holiday abroad这个动作发生在retire之后,所以用一般过去时。 【难度】一般 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * ①若前部分的陈述句谓语是be, have或情态动词,则反意疑问句的句式为:“陈述句,be/have/情态动词+主语?” —He cannot swim, can he? 他不会游泳,是吗? —Yes, he can. 不,他会游泳。 —No, he can't. 是,他不会游泳。 —Miss Diana can play the piano, can't she? 戴安娜小姐会弹钢琴,是吗? —Yes, she can. 是,她会弹钢琴。 —No, she can't. 不,她不会弹钢琴。 ②若前半句的谓语是行为动词,语序则为“陈述句,助动词do+主语?” —He doesn't like sport, does he? 他不喜欢运动,是吗? —No, he doesn't. 是,他不喜欢运动。 —Yes, he does. 不,他喜欢运动。 ◆注意 若陈述部分含有seldom, hardly, scarcely, no, rarely, never, little, few, nobody, nowhere等否定意义的词时,反意疑问部分则用肯定式(但不包括含否定意义的前后缀构成的词,如:dislike, unfair等)。 She can hardly speak English, can she? 她几乎不会说英语,是吗? He dislikes maths, doesn't he? 他不喜欢数学,对吧? (2)第二类:前半部分陈述部分用肯定式,后一部分的提问也用肯定式。其使用有三种情况: ①在祈使句后加上简短反意疑问句,以表示客气。 Have a cup of tea, will you? 喝杯茶,好吗? ②有时表示讥讽、感叹等也用这种反意疑问句结构。 So that's your little trick, is it? 那么这就是你的雕虫小技,是吗? ③表示怀疑,请对方加以证实时,也用这种反意疑问句形式。 Your Benz is outside the garage, is it? 你的奔驰放在车库外面,是吗? 2.含有特殊主语的反意疑问句 (1)如果陈述部分的主语是表人的不定代词no one, none, nobody, everyone, someone等时,其反意部分的主语多用they,有时为了强调个体用he。 No one phoned me while I was out, did they? 我不在时没人打电话,对吗? (2)如果陈述部分是表物的不定代词everything, anything, something, nothing时,反意部分的主语用it。 Nothing has been considered about this meeting, hasn't it? 有关这次会议的事情,什么都还没考虑,是不是? (3)one指“人”并作主语时,疑问部分的主语在正式场合用one,非正式场合用you。 One can't be too careful, can one/you? 我们必须十分小心,对吧?

  (4)当陈述部分的主语是指示代词时,若是this或that,疑问部分主语用it;若是these或those,则疑问部分主语用they。这些指示代词若作主语的定语,其用法与它们作主语一样。 That story was a hundred years ago, wasn't it? 那个故事发生在100年前,是不是? Those papers are yours, aren't they? 那些报纸是你的,对不对? (5)若陈述部分的主语为不定式、动名词或从句时,反意部分的主语为it。 To master a foreign language isn't easy, is it? 掌握一门外语不容易,是吗? What he said at the meeting is very important, isn't it? 他在会上所说的很重要,是吗? (6)在there be结构中,反意问句仍用there。 There will be a meeting tomorrow, won't there? 明天要开会,是吗? 3.含有特殊动词的反意疑问句 (1)若前半句的谓语动词为have to/had to,则其反意疑问部分的谓语动词通常用助动词do的适当形式。 We have to get up at four tomorrow, don't we? 明天我们得四点钟起床,是吗? They had to leave early, didn't they? 他们不得不早一点离开,是不是? (2)若前半句的谓语动词为used to,则其反意疑问部分的谓语动词可采取两种形式。 He used to live in London, usedn't he?或didn't he? 他以前住在伦敦,是吗? There used to be a cinema here before the war, usedn't there/didn't there? 战争之前这儿有一家电影院,是不是? (3)若前半句的谓语动词是ought to,则反意疑问部分的谓语动词通常用ought/oughtn't代替。 Such things ought not to be allowed, ought they? 这类事情是不应该被允许的,是不是? He ought to be punished, oughtn't he? 他应该受到惩罚,是不是? 但在正式文体中,应用ought we not的形式。 We ought to go, ought we not?或We ought to go, should we not? 我们必须走,是吗? (4)若陈述部分有dare或need时,应视具体情况对待: ①dare和need为实义动词,疑问部分的谓语用do的适当形式。 ②dare和need为情态动词,疑问部分由dare或need构成。 We need to do it, don't we? 我们有必要去做这件事,是不是? You daren't go there, dare you? 你不敢去那儿,是吗? (5)当陈述部分带有情态动词must时,反意疑问句要根据must的不同意思而有所变化。 ①若陈述部分的must表示“有必要”,则反意疑问部分应用needn't。 You must go home right now, needn't you? 你现在必须立刻回家,是吗? ②当mustn't表示“禁止”时,反意疑问部分一般用must。 You mustn't walk on grass, must you? 你不能从草地上走,听见没有? ③若must表示“想必”,“一定”等推测意义时,要根据must后的动词结构及含义确定相应形式。 He must have met her yesterday, didn't he? 昨天他一定是见过了她,是不是?(强调对过去情况的推测) You must have seen the film, haven't you? 你一定看过这部电影了,是吗?(强调动作已完成) You must be tired, aren't you? 你一定累了,是吗? 4.祈使句的反意疑问句 当陈述部分是祈使句时,反意疑问句的助动词不用do。反意疑问句部分有三种情况。 (1)一般情况下,祈使句后的反意疑问句部分用will you或won't you。 Leave all the things as they are, won't you? 所有的东西都不动,好不好? Give me a hand, will you? 帮我一把,好吗? (2)以let's开头的祈使句,其后疑问句部分用shall we;而以let us或let me开头的祈使句,反意疑问句部分应用will you。 Let's try another way, shall we? 让我们试试别的方法吧? Let us have a try, will you? 让我们试一试,行吗? (3)若陈述部分是否定的祈使句,问句部分除了用will you外,也可用can you,此时疑问部分为肯定形式。 Don't make much noise, will/can you? 别出这么大的声音,好吗? 5.表示看法含义的宾语从句的反意疑问句 若前半句陈述部分用“I think (believe, suppose, expect...)+宾语从句”这一结构时,反意疑问部分谓语动词和主语应和宾语从句中谓语动词和主语保持一致,且要用否定式。当主句主语为第二、第三人称时,反意部分应与主句主语和谓语一致。 I believe he is right, isn't he? 我想他是对的,不是吗? He thinks his aunt know it, doesn't he? 他认为他的阿姨知道这件事,不是吗? ◆注意 要注意这类宾语从句中的否定转移现象。 I don't think he can finish the work, can he? 我看他没法完成那份工作,是不是? 6.主从复合句的反意疑问句 除上述I'm sure, I'm afraid, I don't think这类宾语从句外,其他主从复合句的反意部分与主句一致。 She didn't turn up until you were about to leave, did she? 直到你要走时她才来,是不是? 7.并列句的反意疑问句 陈述部分如果是并列句,反意部分与邻近分句一致。 Bob speaks English, but his wife speaks German, doesn't she? 鲍勃说英语,可他的妻子说德语,是不是? (六)祈使句 用来表示请求、命令、号召等的句子称之为祈使句。祈使句语调为降调。祈使句的谓语动词用原形,否定形式是在动词原形前加don't(=do not)或never(语气较强),主语you常常省略。所以,人们也常常称祈使句为无主句。 Be careful!小心! Don't be careless!别粗心大意! Never do that again!再不要这样了! Keep off the grass!勿踏草地! ◆注意 若let的宾语是第一人称,否定式只须在宾语后加not即可;若let的宾语是第三人称,否定式应在let前加don't。 Let's not waste time. 咱们别浪费时间了。 Don't let him say that! 不要让他那样说! 一般而言,祈使句的主语通常不出现,若要特别强调提醒对方或表达某种不满情绪时需加主语或呼语。 You be quiet! 你给我安静点! Don't you be late again! 你不要再迟到了! Don't you call me John next time! 下次别再叫我约翰了! 下面用以表示祝愿、建议的句子也是祈使句。 May you succeed! 祝你成功! Long live the People's Republic of China! 中华人民共和国万岁! 表示强烈的感情或请求时,可用“Do+祈使句”的结构。 Do come on time!(务必)准时来! Do sit down!快请坐下! (七)感叹句 用以表示快乐、痛苦等强烈感情的特殊句式我们称之为感叹句。感叹句句式有两种形式。一种以how开头,另一种以what开头。 1.以how开头的感叹句 (1)How+形容词/副词(+主语+谓语) How beautiful the flower is! 这花多漂亮啊! How fluently he speaks English! 他的英语讲得多流利啊! How interesting (it is)!多有趣呀! (2)How修饰动词,句型是“How+主语+谓语” How the wind blows!风刮得好大呀!

  2.以what开头的感叹句 What (a/an)+(形容词)+名词(+主语+谓语) What fun!多有趣啊! What a good girl!多好的一个女孩呀! What a beautiful picture it is! 这是一幅多美的画呀! 典例 (·辽宁卷,33)______a strange plant! I've never seen it before. A.Which

  B.What C.How

  D.Whether 解析:B 本题考查感叹句。句意:多么奇怪的植物!我从来没见过。感叹句结构为: 【2012江苏卷】25. There is little doubt in your mind that he is innocent, _______________? A. is there B. isn't there C. is he D. isn't he 【考点】特殊句式—反义问句 【答案】A 【解析】根据前面there be 句里含有否定意义的词little,所以反意疑问句用肯定形式,其主谓应与陈述部分的主谓保持一致,故选A项。 【2012重庆卷】33. The headmaster will not permit the change in the course, nor______ it a thought. A. does he even given

  B. he even gives

  C. whether

  D. he will even given 【考点】特殊句式—倒装结构

  【答案】C 【解析】空白处前为否定词“nor”位于句首,句子应该使用部分倒装结构,而且根据语境空白处应使用一般将来时,C选项符合题意。因此,正确答案为C选项。 【难度】一般 四、复合句中的省略 1.宾语从句中的省略 (1)由which, when, where, how和why引导的宾语从句,可全部或部分省去,只保留引导词。 Please pass me one of these books, I don't care which(you pass me). 请递给我一本书,随便哪一本。 He will come back, but he doesn't know when (he will come back). 他会回来的,但他不知道什么时候回来。 (2)由that引导的宾语从句,连词that可省略,若带有多个宾语从句,只有第一个that可省略,其余不能。 He said (that) the text was very important and that we should learn it by heart. 他说这篇课文非常重要,我们应该背下来。 (3)I'm afraid, I think, I believe, I hope, I guess等作答语时,后面跟so或not分别表肯定或否定,宾语从句可省去。 —Do you think it will rain? 你认为天会下雨吗? —I hope not (that it will rain). (或I don't hope so) 但愿不会下雨。 —Do you believe our team will win? 你认为我们队会赢吗? —I guess so. 应该会赢的。 2.定语从句中的省略 在限制性定语从句中,作宾语用的关系代词who, whom, which, that可省略;以the same...as和such as引出的某些定语从句,也可省略与主句相同的部分。 The girl(whom/who/that) the teacher spoke to is Liu Ying. 老师与其说话的那个女孩是刘英。 I don't like such books as this (is). 我不喜欢这种书。 3.状语从句中的省略 (1)状语从句出现在主句之后时,一般省略谓语动词引导的后半部分。 John will go if Mary will(go). 如果玛丽去,约翰也会去。 —Coming swimming? 来游泳好吗? —You don't have to(come swimming) if you don't want to (come swimming). 如果你不想来,就不用来了。 (2)有时条件从句可以完全省去,只留主句。 I would have come yesterday (if I had wanted to). 我昨天本可以来。 You might do me a favor(if you would). 你是可以帮我的忙。 I would not do that(if I were in your place). 我可不会做那种事。 (3)以as, than引导的比较状语从句可全部或部分省略。 I can only do the way as (I was) told to do (it in that way). 我会依计行事的。 After half an hour, she became quieter(than she had been). 半小时后,她安静些了。 (4)在when, while, whenever, till, as soon as, if, unless, as if, though, as, whether等引导的状语从句中,若谓语有be,而主语又跟主句主语相同或是it时,则从句的主语和be常被省略。 His opinion, whether (it is) right or wrong, would be considered. 他的意见,无论对错,都要考虑。 Errors, if (there are) any, should be corrected. 如果有什么错误,就应当改正。 4.复合句中的特殊的省略现象 (1)主句中的省略多见于句首,多用于口语中。 (It is/was a) Pity you couldn't come. 遗憾的是你不能来。 (2)在对话中答句省去整个主句,只用从句。 —Shall I go to play? 我可以去玩吗? —If you like(you can go to play). 你喜欢就去。 —When could I start? 我什么时候可以开始? —(You may) Whenever you like. 什么时候都行。 简单句 简单句就是只包含一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)的句子。 一、简单句的基本句型 根据句子基本结构,英语简单句由三种主要动词(连系动词、不及物动词、及物动词)构成,常有以下几种基本句型。 1.主语+不及物动词[主+谓结构] Miss Jeana has gone abroad. 简娜小姐已经出国了。 Most students work hard. 大部分学生努力学习。 Great changes have taken place in our hometown. 我们家乡已经发生了巨大的变化。 2.主语+及物动词+宾语[主+谓+宾结构] We like sports. 我们喜爱运动。 He knows what to do next. 他知道下一步做什么。 He began learning English ten years ago. 十年前他开始学英语。 I have decided to play the flute well. 我已经决定把长笛吹好。 3.主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语[主+谓+间宾+直宾结构] The old man gave the little boy some coins. 老人给了那个小男孩几个硬币。 Mr. Hardey teaches us European Literature. 哈代先生教我们欧洲文学。 His aunt bought him a book and several toys. 他的婶婶给他买了一本书和几个玩具。 His praise gave us great encouragement. 他的表扬给了我们很大的鼓舞。 The programmer is showing us how to use the computer. 程序员正在教我们如何使用电脑。 4.主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语[主+谓+宾+宾补结构] We think Greek too difficult. 我们认为希腊语太难了。 We made him captain. 我们选他作队长。 They don't want to let us go. 他们不想让我们走。 When the policemen came in, they found the old man dead. 警察进来时发现老人死了。 He likes to watch the boys playing football. 他喜欢看那些男孩们踢足球。 5.主语+连系动词+表语[主+系+表结构] He is an IT engineer. 他是一位信息工程师。 The cloth feels smooth. 这块布料手感光滑。 Please keep silent. 请保持安静。 The river near my house looks more beautiful in the early morning. 我家附近的那条河在清晨看上去格外美丽。 6.there be句型 There is a girl and three boys in the room. 房间里有一个女孩和三个男孩。 There are a lot of doves flying in the sky. 天空有许多鸽子在飞翔

  7.特殊简单句结构 英语中有些简单句结构比较特殊,只包含一个词或一个成分。 Thanks!谢谢!(感谢语) Happy New Year!新年快乐!(祝贺语) 二、简单句分类 根据英语句式功能,简单句可分为四种:陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。 (一)陈述句 1.基本结构:主语+谓语 She often speaks English. 她时常说英语。 The earth moves around the sun. 地球绕着太阳转。

  2.否定结构:主语+助动词/情态动词/be动词+not+谓语动词 I have not finished my dinner. 我还没有吃完饭。 She will not attend the conference because of her illness. 因为病了,所以她将不参加大会。

  Afghanistan is not a developed country. 阿富汗不是一个发达国家。 He does not like dancing. 他不喜欢跳舞。 He did not go to work last Thursday. 上周四他没去上班。

  (二)一般疑问句 一般疑问句通常用yes或no来回答,句末通常读升调。 1.谓语是be或have则将be或have放在主语前。 Have you any films? 你有胶卷吗? Is she a nurse? 她是一个护士吗? 2.若谓语动词是行为动词,则将助动词do或情态动词置于主语前面。 Do you have a live show every week? 每星期你都有一场现场秀吗? 3.一般疑问句的否定式通常把be, have或情态动词和not的简略式n't一起放在句首。 Isn't she a taxi driver? 难道她不是一位出租车司机吗? 若是肯定回答则用“Yes, she is.”(不,她是出租车司机。) 否定回答则用“No, she isn't.”(是的,她不是出租车司机。) 4.在一般疑问句中,若提问人的答案没有肯定或否定意向,答案可以是yes,也可以是no时,这时句中常用非肯定的词。 Is there anything wrong with your computer? 5.若提问人预计回答者会有肯定的回答时,疑问句中则在用非肯定词的地方用肯定词。 Is there something wrong with your pen? Did someone phone last night? 所以,招待客人或表示乐意向某人提供帮助时,通常在一般疑问句中用肯定词。[参见“不定代词”some与any的用法。] (三)特殊疑问句 特殊疑问句就是用疑问代词或疑问副词进行提问的句子,这种疑问句不用yes或no回答,须作详细回答。 1.若疑问词作主语或主语的定语时,疑问句语序与陈述句语序相同。 Who is in the car? 谁在车里? Whose father works in Madrid? 谁的父亲在马德里工作? 2.若疑问词作句子的宾语、状语、表语或修饰这三种成分时,则用“疑问词+一般疑问句”。 Where do you come from? 你从什么地方来? When will you go? 你什么时候走? ◆注意 who是主格,whom是宾格,一般可用who代替whom,若前面有介词,则用whom。 Who/Whom are you waiting for here? 你在此等谁呀? With whom did you do shopping yesterday? 昨天你和谁一块去买东西的? 3.“Why+一般疑问句否定式”。该结构一般表示劝告、建议、责备等。 Why don't you come earlier? 你干嘛不早一点来?

  (四)选择疑问句 选择疑问句就是提出两个(或多个)选项看哪一个是正确的疑问句,两个选项部分(或多个选项部分)由连词or连接。or前的选项部分读升调,or后的选项部分读降调;or可连接两个表语、宾语、状语、谓语动词或分句,但选择疑问句不能用yes或no来回答;语序同一般疑问句语序。

  Are you a teacher or a student? 你是老师还是学生? Shall I come to get you or shall we meet at the station? 我来接你还是咱们在车站碰头? Do you work in New York or Yorkshire? 你在纽约还是在约克郡工作? (五)反意疑问句 1.反意疑问句的句式 反意疑问句句式是:提问者先提出情况和看法,然后问对方是否同意。 (1)第一类:前部分陈述若用肯定式,后部分则用否定式;若前部分用否定式,后部分则用肯定式。疑问部分的主语与陈述部分的主语要一致,其谓语在人称、时态和数上须与前面保持一致。反意疑问句用yes或no回答,肯定回答用yes,否定回答用no。注意前部分陈述为否定式,后部分用肯定式的反意疑问句的回答,这一点与汉语的回答习惯不一致。

  高考英语二轮复习:省略、替代、强调及其他特殊句式课件 强调句 一、强调句的结构用法 强调句的结构形式是“It+be的适当形式+被强调部分+that/who+剩余部分”,它常用来突出说话人要强调的语言信息,给对方以强烈的印象和感受。这一强调结构,除不能强调谓语动词外,其他成分均可强调。在本结构中,it无意义,但不能换成this或that;若原句时态是现在时或将来,则be用is,若原句谓语动词是过去时,则be用was,有时也可根据需要在be前加上情态动词may, might, must等。若被强调部分是人,引导词用who或that均可(若强调部分是作宾语的人,也可用whom);若强调其它部分,则一律用that。译成汉语时常加上“正是……”等字眼。 It was in Greece that Olympic Games firstly started. 奥林匹克运动会就是在希腊首次举行的。(强调状语) It must be John that/who will take part in the contest on behalf of our class. Z

  x

  x

  k 肯定是约翰将代表我们班参赛。(强调主语) 二、强调句型应注意的问题 1.被强调的代词的格应与原句保持一致,其谓语动词与原句主语保持一致。 It is I who am going to Beijing next week. 是我将于下周去北京。 Z

  x

  x

  k 2.对not...until结构中状语进行强调时,not需置于被强调的部分之中,构成“It is/was not until...that...”结构。 It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I recognized she was a famous film star. 直到她摘下墨镜,我才认出她是位著名影星。 3.本结构不能用来强调让步状语从句,原因状语从句中只有because引导的可被强调。 It was because he was seriously ill that he didn't go to school yesterday. Z

  x

  x

  k 正因为他病得厉害,所以昨天才没有去上学。 4.强调句中的时态一般应一致,即主句与从句的时态都用现在时,过去时,或者都用将来时。 It was my two sisters who knew her best. 正是我的两个妹妹最了解她。 It will not be you who will have to take the blame for this. 对此受责难的将不是你。 5.如果强调双宾语中的一个,不论是直接宾语还是间接宾语,根据动词的搭配关系,要加上一个介词to或for。 Z

  x

  x

  k Mr. Green gave Mary a birthday present.→ It was Mary that Mr. Green gave a birthday present to. It was a birthday present that Mr. Green gave to Mary. 三、强调结构的否定句、疑问句、感叹句 强调结构也有其否定、疑问或感叹形式。特殊疑问句中只有疑问词可以被强调,构成“特殊疑问词+be+it+that+剩余部分”结构。 It is not only blind men who make such stupid mistakes. 并非仅仅是盲人才犯这样愚蠢的错误。 Was it during the Second World War that he died? 他是在第二次世界大战期间死亡的吗?

  Where was it that you met Tom yesterday? 昨天你是在哪儿碰到汤姆的? What a wonderful time it was that we had at the party! 我们在聚会上玩得多么高兴啊! 典例 (·四川,15)Was it on a lonely island ________ he was saved one month after the boat went down? A.whereB.that C.which

  D.what 解析:B。本题考查强调句型。句意:他是在那艘船沉下去一个月后,被人从那座孤岛上救下来的吗?it is...that...为常用的强调句型,被强调的部分置于it is 之后。 四、强调句的反意疑问句 强调结构的反意疑问句,附加问句中的主语用it而不用主句中主语。 It was at eleven last night that I knew the good news, wasn't it? 是昨天晚上11点我知道这个好消息的,不是吗? It is where you come from that you should return, isn't it? 你是从哪里来的就应回哪里去,不是吗? 五、如何判定含有定语从句的强调结构 仔细分析that或who在句中的作用:若that或who可有可无(结合it be来分析),则为强调结构,否则就是定语从句。 It was in the lab that was set up by Mr. Smith that they finished the experiment. 正是在史密斯先生建立的实验室里他们完成了这项实验。(lab后的that不可省略,因为它作该从句的主语引导定语从句;句中第二个that才是强调结构的标志。) It was Li Hong who came from Hunan that won the first prize in the contest. 是来自湖南的李红获得了竞赛的头奖。(who引导定语从句,作从句的主语;that才是强调结构的标志。) 六、强调结构和主语从句的区别 1.含有主语从句的句子,译成汉语时不可加上“正是……”或“就是……”之类的字眼,而强调结构可以。 2.含有主语从句的句子若删掉It be...that/who...,则原句在结构上和意义上均不成立,而强调结构若去掉结构标志仍然成立。 It is true that he once went to Canada. 他曾经去过加拿大是真的。(不能去掉It is及that,否则原句不成立,故本句是含有主语从句的复合句。) It was on December 11, 2001 that China became a member of the WTO. 就是在2001年12月11日,中国加入了世贸组织。(若去掉It was和that,原句仍然成立,故本句是强调结构。) 插入语 英语句子中(尤其在口语中)常插入一些单词、短语或者句子,用来补充某些含义或在语气上有所加强,语法上称它们为“插入语”。插入语在句中起到解释、说明等作用,有时表达说话人的一种看法。多数插入语对句子本身影响并不大,若去掉它,句子意思依然清晰明了。然而有些插入语是句子不可缺少的成分,若去掉,句子意思就不完整,如for example, in other words等。因此正确理解和分析插入语对于我们做单项选择题和正确理解短文的意思意义重大。 插入语的类型 1.单词(多为副词) 单词作插入语时位置比较活,多见于句末,但也可位于句中或句首。常见作插入语的单词有though, however, therefore, personally, luckily, fortunately, obviously等。有些副词是表示上下文的逻辑关系,起连接作用(虽然本身不是连词),这一类副词常用逗号将它与句子隔开。有些副词是表达说话人的看法或观点,多置于句首。 She had seen the picture. However, she never told it to anyone. 她见过那幅照片,不过,她没告诉任何人。 Luckily, his father's second wife was kind to him. 幸运的是,他父亲的第二任妻子对他很好。 2.短语 现在分词短语、不定式短语、介词短语都可以作插入语,它们在句中起补充说明的作用。常见插入语的短语有:for example, by the way, in some way, judging from, to tell you the truth, so far, on the contrary, no wonder, chances(are that), worse still, to start with等。 By the way, how can I find you? 顺便问一句,我怎么才能找到你? What on earth do you want to say? 你到底想说什么? To tell you the truth, I have found out that he stole the car. 说实话,我已经弄清楚是他偷了那辆车。 3.句子 常见作插入语的句子有:do you think, I believe, do you know, what's more, let's say, that is to say,它们多位于句末,用以表示客气或征询别人的看法。也可以表示补充。表示疑问的插入语也可位于句中或句首。 He is an honest man, I believe. 我认为,他是个诚实的人。 As far as I know, Jack isn't clever. 据我所知,杰克并不聪明。 How soon will he be ready, do you expect? 你想一下,他多久能准备好? 4.准插入语 有些复杂的特殊疑问句,也可认为含有“插入语”。这种疑问句(也称为“混合疑问句”或“连锁疑问句”),常用来征询对某一疑问点的看法、判断、认识、猜度或请求。口语中出现的频率极高。 When do you expect he will come back? 你预计他什么时候可以回来? Who do you guess has taken away the book? 你认为是谁拿走了这本书? 省略 为避免重复,省略句中的一个或几个句子成分,这种语法现象称为省略。 一、简单句中的省略 1.在对话中 —How is your mother today? 你母亲今天怎么样? —(She is) Much better. 好多了。 2.在祈使句中 Open the window, please!=You open the window, please! 请打开窗户! 3.在感叹句中 What a boy!=What a good boy he is! 多好的一个男孩呀! How they are working!=How hard they are working! 他们工作多卖力呀! 4.表示讲话人的意见和看法 Sounds fine to me.=It sounds fine to me. 对我来说很好。 Pity you couldn't come.=It's a pity you couldn't come. 真遗憾你不能来。 5.提问 Anything wrong?=Is there anything wrong? 有什么问题吗? Found the treasure?=Have you found the treasure? 找到宝藏了吗? 6.名词所有格修饰的名词表示店铺、住宅、教堂或上下文已暗示或明确指出过的事物。 At her mother's (house) she passed many happy days. 在母亲家,她度过了许多幸福岁月。 I met him at the doctor's. 我在诊所见到了他。 7.前面出现过的动词,下文再次出现时只须使用不定式符号to即可(动词不定式的省略,一般只省去动词,而保留符号to)。 —Will you go with me? 和我一块儿走好吗? —Well, I'd like to. 行啊,非常乐意。 (=Well, I'd like to go with you.) —Have you ever been to the seaside? 你去过海边吗? —No, we can't afford to. 没有,我们没钱。 (=No, we can't afford to go to the seaside.) 二、并列句中的省略 1.如果后面分句中有与前面相同的部分,则常被省略。 Bob has done his homework but Tom hasn't (done his homework). 鲍勃已经做完了作业,但是汤姆还没做完。 She was poor but(she was) honest. 她虽穷但却诚实。 The captain can find a boat quicker than we can (find a boat). 姜是老的辣。 2.有时并列句中的省略部分出现在前面的分句,只有看完最后一个分句才能掌握全句的完整意义。 Bob works (in London), and Peter lives in London. 鲍勃在伦敦工作,而彼得住在伦敦。 Mary can (speak English) and (Mary) ought to speak English. 玛丽能讲英语,她也应该讲英语。 We tested the depth(of the water) and (the) temperature of the water. 我们测试了水的深度和温度。 三、惯用的省略结构 1.无动词祈使句和无主句祝愿语,往往用感叹号。 If only I could remember his name! 要是我能记住他的名字有多好啊! Oh, for a friend to help us and advise us! 唉,要是有一位朋友能帮助和指点我们该有多好啊! 2.固定句型How/What about+名词/代词/v.-ing。 What about some more milk? 再喝一点牛奶好吗? What about him? 他怎么样? How about going out for a walk? 出去散散步好吗? 3.Why not+省去to的动词不定式。 Why get so excited? 为什么这么兴奋啊? Why not go at once? 干嘛不马上走呢? * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *

  what++主语+谓语! How+

  故B项正确。

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