2016高考英语冲刺绝密档案:看似否定句实为肯定的11个句型
大家在学习英语的过程中,想必会发现一种特殊现象:一些形式上看似否定句的句型,实际上却表示肯定意义。为便于大家学习,现归纳如下:
1. nothing (或 no + 名词) but …只有;仅仅 Nothing (或 no + 名词) but …等于 only ,表示肯定意义,后接名词、代词、不定式等。例如:
No one but him in our class can swim across the river. 在我们班上,只有他能游过这条河。
She could do nothing but wait here. 她只好在这时等,别无他法。
2. not … without … 没有……就没有
在这个句型中,使用两个否定,用来加强语气,表示肯定意义。例如:
One cannot live even a few minutes without air. 没有空气,人们甚至连几分钟也不能生存。
They couldn't have completed their task on time without your help. 有你们的帮助,他们才按时完成了任务。
注意: too … not to …和 never (not) too … to …这类双重否定的句型,也表示肯定意义。例如:
The boy is too clever not to work out this maths problem. 这个男孩很聪明,不会解不出这道数学题。
3. not … until … 直到……才……
在这个句型中, until 可作介词,也可作连词。作介词时,后接名词、代词或短语;作连词时,后接句子。 not 后面接非延续性动词。例如:
The bus didn't leave until all the seats were taken. 直到车上坐满了乘客,汽车才开走。
not … until … 也可用于强调句型和倒装句式中。例如:
It was not until this morning that he finished the work. 直到今天上午,他才完成那项工作。
4. hardly / scarcely … when … 一(刚)……就……
在这个句型中, when 是并列连词,其前面的句子要用过去完成时,其后的句子用一般过去时。例如:
He had hardly/scarcely arrived when it began to rain. 他一到天就开始下雨了。
5. no sooner … than … 一(刚)……就……
在这个结构中, no sooner 位于主句中,主句用过去完成时, than 引导状语从句,从句用一般过去时。例如:
No sooner had they got to the theatre than the concert began. 他们刚跨进剧院,音乐会就开始了。
6. can + not + be + 形容词 + enough/can not + 动词原形 + too much ( highly ) 越……越好;无论怎样也不过分
在这个句型中, not 可用 never 来替代。例如:
He is a hero. We can not praise him too much (highly)。 他是英雄,我们无论怎样赞扬他也不过分。
7. have never + 过去分词 + 比较级 最……;再没有比……更……
该句型从反面表示“最……”的概念。例如:
We have never seen a more interesting film than this one = This is the most interesting film that I have ever seen. 这部电影是我们看过的最有趣的影片。
8. can't (help) but … 只好;不得不;必然
在这个结构中, help 可省略, but 后面接不带 to 的不定式。例如:
He can't (help) but admit that he was wrong. 他只好承认自己是错了。
9. can' 't help doing sth. 情不自禁地做某事 Hearing the joke, we couldn't help laughing. 听了这个笑话,我情不自禁地笑了起来。
10. not + 含否定意义的词缀的词(不时不)。例如:
It is not uncommon for a great scholar to be ignorant in everyday affairs. 一个伟大的学者,对日常事务无知,这种情况并不罕见。
11. 用表示赞叹的否定疑问句来表示肯定意义。例如:
Isn't the film wonderful? 多么好的一部影片啊!
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