2016高考英语冲刺绝密档案:答题技巧单项填空命题技巧单项填空主要考查考生的词汇、语法以及情景交际等知识。该题型重在考查考生对基础知识的掌握以及综合运用能力。题目不仅包括各类词的运用,而且还涉及到句法和惯用法、交际用语等内容。
[试题特点]
1.知识覆盖面广,综合性强。包括词汇、语法和情景交际。动词以及在动词的变化中考查语法是高考单选题的主旋律。15个单选题中,与动词有关的题目一般在8个左右。其中非谓语动词3个,动词辨析1个,动词词组1个,情态动词1个,动词时态1个。与复合句有关的题目有3个左右;然后是冠词1个,介词或副词1个。情景交际1个,有时再加名词或形容词或代词1个。因此,我们可以说,抓住了动词就抓住了纲.纲举目张。
2.在具体的语境中考查语言知识运用的能力是近年来单项选择的特点,因此.题干较多采用复合句或小对话形式.一改往年纯粹考语法的现象。
[答题方法与技巧]
单项填空题目的设计并不是知识的简单再现,而是较为巧妙、独特,譬如在题干中加进了一些小语境,让考生在一定的语言环境中选择最佳答案;也有些试题通过变形或追加一些附加成分,使句子结构变得复杂起来,因此,考生在学好基础知识的前提下,掌握一些常见的解题技巧是很有必要的。下面介绍一些答题的技巧与方法,供参考。
(一)直接法
以纯粹考查语法知识(包括词法、惯用法、搭配及句法)的单项填空试题,可根据自己已有知识,结合题干所给信息,直接选定答案。这种方法适用于较简单的试题。
例如:
—Excuse me, sir, where is Room 301?
—Just a minute. I’ll have Bob _______ you the room.(2007,北京)
A.show B.showsC.to show D.showing
答案及分析:Ahave sb. do sth.表示“让某人做某事”,故直接选A。
(二)排除法
这是一种常见的答题方法。做题时,仔细阅读题干及选项,然后从语义、语法、惯用法等方面先排除一部分选项,有时可采取逐层排除的方法,之后集中精力对比、分析剩余选项,从而节省时间,提高效率。例如:
1.Speaking of all the songs he has written, I think this is probably his _______ one.(2007,全II)
A.better knownB.well-known
C.best known D.most-known
答案及分析:C 从题干all the songs…可判断,空缺处应用形容词的最高级,故排除A,B。又well-known的最高级为best-known,故排除D而选C。
2.We shouldn’t spend our money testing so many people, most of _______ are healthy. (2007,北京)
A.that B.which
C.what D.whom
答案及分析:D 由于先行词是people,故排除B,C;又因在介词of后不能使用that,故排除A而选D。
(三)还原法
有些试题的题干比较复杂,经过了命题人的“深加工”,他们往往对知识点进行“变形、包装、深度加工”,譬如使用插入语、感叹句、复合句、疑问句、倒装句式等,也有一些使用了省略、替代等形式,这样使题干变得复杂,给理解和答题造成了一定的干扰,难度相应加大。对于这类试题。最好使用“还原法”,还其“庐山真面目”,为答题“简化程序”。例如:
1.—Do you have any idea what Paul does all day?
—As I know, he spends at least as much time playing as he ______. (2007,重庆)
A.writes B.does writing
C.is writing D.does write
答案及分析:B 本题使用了替动词does,代替的是动词spends;spends后跟-doing,故原句可还原为:…he spends at least as much time playing as he spends time writing.故本题选B。
2._______ worries me the way he keeps changing his mind.(2007,山东)
A.This B.That
C.What D.It
答案及分析:D 本题考查的是it作形式主语的问题。还原为:The way he keeps changing his mind worries me.这样主语过长,故使用了形式主语it。
(四)把握关键(词语)法
做单项填空,如能在读懂句意的情况下,抓住题干中的关键词语,正确理解关键词语的意义和用法,就不会落人命题者所设下的“陷阱”。例如:
1.He made a model ship _______ his grandson.
A.pleaseB.pleasing
C.to please D.pleased
答案及分析:C 句中make是关键词。make作使役动词时,其后跟不带to的不定式作补语。即make sb./ sth. do sth.但是在句中make的意思是“做”,后接to do不定式作目的状语。句意:他做了个纸船来让孙子高兴。
2.—The last one ______ pays the meal.
—Agreed!(2007,全国卷I,海南,宁夏)
A.arrived B.arrives
C.to arriveD.arriving
答案及分析:C 句中last是个关键词。第一句pays the meal为谓语,故空格处应为非谓语动词作定语。当中心词被the first/ second…/ last以及形容词最高级等修饰时,用动词不定式作定语。
以上介绍的是几种常见的方法,具体答题时可能会用到一种或多种方法。不应一刀切,要具体问题具体分析。
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