2016年浙江省杭州市外国语学校高考英语（阅读理解提分训练）每日一练48

　　倒数第周星期

　　(A)

　　Some of you must have complained why there are so many English words that you have to memorize every day. However, do you know how many words the English language has exactly? Maybe ten thousand, one hundred thousand, or even  one million!

　　Every 98 minutes, there is a new English word being created. Last time when words were being added  to the language at this rate was during the days of William Shakespeare. The widespread  popularity of English has brought  the most fertile (丰富的) period of word creation. About 1.53 billion people speak English as a primary, a second or a business language. The Global Language Monitor, located  in the state of Texas in the US, has been recording English word creation since 2003. Now, there are almost one million English words.

　　Words that are predicted to be the one millionth include  “defollow”, “defriend”, “noob”, and “greenwashing”. “Defollow” and “defriend” are Internet words, describing   what users do with a person they do not wish to stay  in touch with on the Internet. “Noob” is an offending name for someone new to  a particular task or community. The word “greenwashing” refers to  what companies do to appear environmentally  friendly. And “chiconomics” means a difficult time in fashion. Of course, there is a possibility  that the one millionth word will be a sixth choice. The Global Language Monitor once expected  that the millionth English word would be “imminent” in 2006, but the organization has put off  that expected date more than  once. Other experts have have expressed doubts about its methods because they don’t think that there is an agreement about how to classify a word.

　　61. Which of the following is true according to the passage?

　　A. There are over one billion people speak English as a primary language.

　　B. The one millionth word has six choices.

　　C. The Global Language Monitor is in America.

　　D. There is an agreement about how to classify a word.

　　62. How many words can be created in a day?

　　A. 15

　　B. 20

　　C. 25

　　D. 30

　　63. What’s the meaning of “defollow”, “defriend” according to the passage?

　　A. You add a friend on the Internet.

　　B. You don’t want to keep in touch with your friend on the Internet.

　　C. You delete the friend that you don’t want to stay in touch with.

　　D. You don’t like your friend any more.

　　64. We can infer that this passage was written _____.

　　A. in 2003

　　B. in 2005

　　C. in 2006

　　D. after 2006

　　(B)

　　Feeling blue about the world? “Cheer up.” says science writer Matt Ridley. “The world has never been a better place to live in, and it will keep on getting better both for humans and for nature.”

　　Ridley calls himself a rational optimist—rational, because he's carefully weighed the evidence; optimistic, because that evidence shows human progress to be both unavoidable and good. And this is what he's set out to prove from a unique point of view in his most recent book, The Rational Optimist. He views mankind as a grand enterprise that, on the whole, has done little but progress for 100,000 years. He backs his findings with hard facts gathered through years of research.

　　Here's how he explains his views.

　　1 ) Shopping fuels invention

　　It is reported that there are more than ten billion different products for sale in London alone. Even allowing for the many people who still live in poverty, our own generation has access to more nutritious food, more convenient transport, bigger houses, better cars, and, of course, more pounds and dollars than any who lived before us. This will continue as long as we use these things to make other things. The more we specialize and exchange, the better off we'll be.

　　2) Brilliant advances

　　One reason we are richer, healthier, taller, cleverer, longer­lived and freer than ever before is that the four most basic human needs—food, clothing, fuel and shelter—have grown

　　a lot cheaper. Take one example. In 1800 a candle providing one hour's light cost six hours' work.

　　In the 1880s the same light from an oil lamp took 15 minutes' work to pay for.

　　In 1950 it was eight seconds. Today it's half second.

　　3 ) Let's not kill ourselves for climate change

　　Mitigating (减轻) climate change could prove just as damaging to human welfare as climate change itself.

　　A child that dies from indoor smoke in a village, where the use of fossil­fuel (化石燃料) electricity is forbidden by well­meaning members of green political movements trying to save the world, is just as great a tragedy as a child that dies in a flood caused by climate change. If climate change proves to be mild, but cutting carbon causes real pain, we may well find that we have stopped a nose­bleed by putting a tourniquet (止血带) around our necks.

　　65. What is the theme of Ridley's most recent book?

　　A. Weakness of human nature.

　　B. Concern about climate change.

　　C. Importance of practical thinking.

　　D. Optimism about human progress.

　　66. How does Ridley look at shopping?

　　A. It encourages the creation of things.

　　B. It results in shortage of goods.

　　C. It demands more fossil fuels.

　　D. It causes a poverty problem.

　　67. The candle and lamp example is used to show that ________.

　　A. oil lamps give off more light than candles

　　B. shortening working time brings about a happier life

　　C. advanced technology helps to produce better candles

　　D. increased production rate leads to lower cost of goods

　　68. What does the last sentence of the passage imply?

　　A. Cutting carbon is necessary in spite of the huge cost.

　　B. Overreaction to climate change may be dangerous.

　　C. People's health is closely related to climate change.

　　D. Careless medical treatment may cause great pain.

　　（C）

　　Psychology(心理学) has a new application in the field of medicine. Many doctors, together with their patients, are looking for alternative methods of treatment of physical problems. In large hospitals, modern therapy(疗法) seems to focus on the physical disease. Patients may feel they are treated like broken machines. Some doctors have recognized this as a problem. They are now using psychological therapy, in which the patient is working with the doctors against the disease with the help of medicine. The patient does not wait for the medicine and treatment to cure him or her, but instead the patient joins in the fight.

　　The doctor knows that a disease affects a patient's body physically. The body of the patient changes because of the disease. He is not only physically affected, but also has an emotional response to the disease. Because his mind is affected, his attitude and behavior change. The medical treatment might cure the patient's physical problems, but the patient's mind must fight the emotional ones. For example, the studies of one doctor, Carl Simonton, M. D．， have shown that a typical cancer patient has predictable attitudes. She typically feels depressed, upset, and angry. Her constant depression makes her acts unfriendly toward her family, friends, doctors, and nurses. Such attitudes and behaviors prevent recovery. Therefore, a doctor's treatment must help the patient change that. Simonton's method emphasizes treatment of the “whole” patient.

　　The attitude of a cancer patient receiving radiation therapy, an X­ray treatment, can become more positive. The physician who is following Simonton's psychological treatment plan suggests that the patient imagine that he or she can see the tumor(肿瘤) in the body. In the mental picture, the patient “sees” a powerful beam of radiation like a million bullets of energy. The patient imagines the beam hitting the tumor cells and causing them to shrink. For another cancer patient, Dr. Simonton asks him to imagine the medicine going from the stomach into the bloodstream and to the cancer cells. The patient imagines that the medicine is like an army fighting the diseased cells and sees the cancer cells gradually dying and his blood carry away the dead cells. Both the medical therapy and the patient's positive attitude fight the disease.

　　Doctors are not certain why this mental therapy works. However, this use of psychology does help some patients because their attitudes about themselves change. They become more confident because they use the power within their own minds to help stop the disease.

　　Another application of using the mind to help cure disease is the use of suggestions therapy. At first, the doctor helps the patient to concentrate deeply. The patient thinks only about one thing. He becomes so unaware of other things around him that he is asleep, or rather in a trance(催眠状态). Then the physician makes “a suggestion” to the patient about the medical problem. The patient's mind responds to the suggestion even after the patient is no longer in the trance. In this way, the patient uses his mind to help his body respond to treatment.

　　Doctors have learned that this use of psychology is helpful for both adults and children. For example, physicians have used suggestions to help adults deal with the strong pain of some disease. Furthermore, sometimes the adult patient worries about her illness so much that the anxiety keeps her from getting well. The right suggestions may help the patient to stop being anxious. Such treatment may help the patient with chronic(慢性的)diseases. Asthma (哮喘)is an example of a chronic disorder. Asthma is a disease that causes the patient to have difficulty in breathing. The patient starts to cough and sometimes has to fight to get the air that he or she needs. Psychology can help relieve the symptoms of this disorder. After suggestion therapy, the asthma patient breathes more easily.

　　Physicians have learned that the psychological method is very useful in treating children. Children respond quickly to the treatment because they are fascinated by it. For example, Dr. Basil R. Collison has worked with 121 asthmatic children in Sydney, Australia, and had good results. Twenty­five of the children had excellent results. They were able to breathe more easily, and they did not need medication. Another forty­three were also helped. The symptoms of the asthma occurred less frequently, and when they did, they were not as strong. Most of the children also felt better about themselves. Doctors have also used suggestions to change habits like nail­biting, thumb­sucking, and sleep­related problems.

　　Many professional medical groups have accepted the medical use of psychology and that psychology has important applications in medicine.

　　69. What does the passage mainly discuss?

　　A. How suggestion therapy benefits adults and children.

　　B. How modern therapy focuses on the disease.

　　C. Responses from the medical world.

　　D. How to use the mind against disease.

　　70. How does psychological therapy work?

　　A. The patient waits for the medicine and treatment to cure him.

　　B. The doctor uses medical treatment to cure the patient's problems.

　　C. The doctor, the medicine, and the patient work together to fight disease.

　　D. The patient uses his mind to cure himself.

　　71. What can we learn from the studies of Carl Simonton, M. D．？

　　A. The medical treatment can cure the patient's mental disease.

　　B. The treatment of a patient by treating the body and the mind is necessary.

　　C. The mental treatment is more important than medical treatment.

　　D. Few patients have emotional response to the disease.

　　72. The use of psychological therapy is helpful to some patients in that ________.

　　A. the medical effect is better with psychological therapy than without it

　　B. the patients can see a powerful beam of radiation hitting their tumor cells

　　C. the patients' attitudes towards themselves have changed

　　D. the patients are easy to accept the methods the doctors use to treat them

　　73. It can be learned from the passage that suggestion therapy cannot be used to ________.

　　A. help adults deal with the strong pain of some diseases

　　B. help the patients with chronic diseases

　　C. help change some bad habits

　　D. help cure patients of insomnia(失眠症)

　　74. According to the passage, which of the following remains unknown so far?

　　A. The value of mental therapy.

　　B. The effectiveness of suggestion therapy.

　　C. The working principle of suggestion therapy.

　　D. The importance of psychology in medical treatment.

　　(D)

　　Tom appeared on the sidewalk with a bucket of whitewash and a long­handled brush. He stopped by the fence in front of the house where he lived with his aunt Polly. He looked at it, and all joy left him. The fence was long and high. He put the brush into the whitewash and moved it along the top of the fence. He repeated the operation. He felt he could not continue and sat down.

　　He knew that his friends would arrive soon with all kinds of interesting plans for the day. They would walk past him and laugh. They would make jokes about his having to work on a beautiful summer Saturday. The thought burned him like fire.

　　He put his hand into his pockets and took out all that he owned. Perhaps he could find some way to pay someone to do the whitewashing for him. But there was nothing of value in his pockets—nothing that could buy even half an hour of freedom. So he put the bits of toys back into his pockets and gave up the idea.

　　At this dark and hopeless moment, a wonderful idea came to him. It filled his mind with a great, bright light. Calmly he picked up the brush and started again to whitewash.

　　While Tom was working, Ben Rogers appeared. Ben was eating an apple as he walked along the street. As he walked along it, he was making noises like the sound of a riverboat. First he shouted loudly, like a boat captain. Then he said “Ding－Dong－Dong”， “Ding－Dong－Dong” again and again, like the bell of a riverboat. And he made other strange noises. When he came close to Tom, he stopped.

　　Tom went on whitewashing. He did not look at Ben. Ben stared a moment and then said: “Hello! I'm going swimming, but you can't go, can you？”

　　No answer. Tom moved his brush carefully along the fence and looked at the result with the eye of an artist. Ben came nearer. Tom's mouth watered for the apple, but he kept on working.

　　Ben said, “Hello, old fellow, you've got to work, hey？”

　　Tom turned suddenly and said, “Why, it's you, Ben! I wasn't noticing.”

　　“Say —I'm going swimming. Don't you wish you could? But of course you'd rather work—wouldn't you? Of course you would.”

　　Tom looked at the boy a bit, and said “What do you call work？”

　　“Why, isn't that work？”

　　Tom went back to his whitewashing, and answered carelessly.

　　“Well, maybe it is, and maybe it isn't. All I know is, it suits Tom Sawyer.”

　　“Oh come, now, you don't mean to say that you like it？”

　　The brush continued to move.

　　“Like it? Well, I don't see why I shouldn't like it. Does a boy get a chance to whitewash a fence every day？”

　　Ben stopped eating his apple. Tom moved his brush back and forth, stepped back to look at the result, added a touch here and there, and stepped back again. Ben watched every move and got more and more interested. Soon he said，“Say, Tom, let me whitewash a little.”

　　Tom thought for a moment, and was about to agree, but he changed his mind.

　　“No—no—it won't do, Ben. You see, Aunt Polly wants this fence to be perfect. It has got to be done very carefully. I don't think there is one boy in a thousand, maybe two thousand, that can do it well enough.”

　　“No—is that so? Oh come, now —let me just try. Only just a little.”

　　“Ben, I'd like to, but if it isn't done right, I'm afraid Aunt Polly … ”

　　“Oh, I'll be careful. Now let me try. Say —I'll give you the core of my apple.”

　　“Well, here —No, Ben, now don't. I'm afraid …”

　　“I'll give you all of it.”

　　Tom gave up the brush with unwillingness on his face, but joy in his heart. And while Ben worked at the fence in the hot sun, Tom sat under a tree, eating the apple, and planning how to get more help. There were enough boys. Each one came to laugh, but remained to whitewash. By the time Ben was tired, Tom sold the next chance to Billy for a kite; and when Billy was tired, Johnny bought it for a dead rat —and so on, hour after hour. And when the middle of the afternoon came, Tom had won many treasures.

　　And he had not worked. He had had a nice idle time all the time, with plenty of company, and the fence had been whitewashed three times. If he hadn't run out of whitewash, Tom would have owned everything belonging to his friends.

　　He had discovered a great law of human action, namely, that in order to make a man or a boy want a thing, it is only necessary to make the thing difficult to get.

　　75. How many characters are mentioned in this story?

　　A. 4.

　　B. 5.

　　C. 6.

　　D. 7.

　　76. Why did Tom take all his bits of toys out of his pockets?

　　A. Because he was tired and wanted to play with his toys.

　　B. Because he wanted to throw his toys away.

　　C. Because he wanted to give his toys to his friends.

　　D. Because he wanted to know if he could buy help with his toys.

　　77. Tom was about to agree to let Ben whitewash when he changed his mind because ________.

　　A. Tom wanted to do the whitewashing by himself

　　B. Tom planned to make Ben give up his apple first

　　C. Tom was unwilling to let Ben do the whitewashing

　　D. Tom was afraid Ben would do the whitewashing better

　　78. We can learn from the passage that ________.

　　A. Tom was interested in whitewashing the fence

　　B．Tom had a lot of friends who are ready to help others

　　C. Tom was unwilling to whitewash the fence, but he managed to let other boys do it for him

　　D. Tom was good at whitewashing the fence, so he looked at the result of his work with the eye of an artist

　　79. What made Ben Rogers eagerly give up his apple and offer to brush the fence for Tom?

　　A. His warm heart and kindness to friends.

　　B. His curiosity about Tom's brushing job.

　　C. Tom's threat.

　　D. Aunt Polly's idea.

　　80. Which of the following is the most suitable title for this passage?

　　A. The Happy Whitewasher

　　B. Tom And His Fellows

　　C. Whitewashing A Fence

　　D. How To Make The Things Difficult To Get