第17讲
判断词性、词义和词形(二)
Ⅰ.连词
1. 主要考查的知识点: 从属连词和并列连词的基本用法及意义。 2. 复习重点: ①各种从句(名词性从句、状语从句、定语从句)连词的基本用法及在语言环境中的活用;引导各种从句的从属连词:如名词性从句的引导词what, who, which, when, where, whatever, whoever, whichever, whether;状语从句引导词where, wherever, when, if, how, unless, until; 定语从句引导词that, which, who, whom, whoever, whomever, whichever, where, when, why 等。
②“介词+连词”引导的定语从句。 ③特殊句型中的连词。 ④并列连词的基本意义及语法作用;并列句的各种关联词:如and, but, or, though, although, so等。 3. 连词的判断: (1)从属连词的判断: ①设空前面为名词,后面的句子可能是定语从句或同位语从句。如果是定语从句而从句缺主语或宾语时则该空应填关系代词that, which(先行词指物), who, whom(先行词指人);如果空格前面的名词(即先行词)在定语从句中充当状语,应填where, when, why 等连接副词;作定语时用whose(whose+ 名词=the +名词+of which)。如果是同位语从句,则根据句意判断所缺连词。 特别注意: a. 空格前面是句子,且有逗号与空格后的句子隔开,可考虑为非限制性定语从句的连词,连词的选用同样根据先行词及先行词在从句中的作用而定;若是前面的整个句子作先行词,连词用which 或as(这一点)。 b. 设空形式为:“……名词 +介词______……”时,多为“介词+连词”引导的定语从句。 ②设空位于句首,且包含空格的句子与后面的句子有逗号隔开,该空可判断为状语从句的连词。设空位于句中,空格前后的两个句子都分别是完整意义的句子,该空可考虑填状语从句的连词。再根据上下文句子的逻辑关系,填写恰当的状语从句引导词。 ③设空前面为动词或短语动词,空格部分一般为宾语从句连词。从句缺主语或宾语时则该空应填连接代词who, whom, what(所……的);从句不缺少任何成分时,填that;从句缺少状语时,则应考虑填连接副词where, when, why等;或者根据前后句子之间的逻辑意义,可填if/whether(是否)。系动词后为表语从句。 ④设空位于句首且包含空格的句子在句中充当主语时,该空连词为主语从句连词,再根据主从句的逻辑关系,填写恰当的连词(特别注意用it作形式主语后的连词用法)。 (2)并列连词的判断: 两个句子意义完整(有时有逗号分开,有时没有)。只能根据两个句子之间的关系确定连词的选用。 【基础练习】 1. Man differs from animals in __________ they can think and speak. 【答案】
that
【基础练习】 2. The old temple __________ roof was damaged in a storm is now under repair.
【答案】 whose
【基础练习】 3. Because of the heavy traffic, it was already time for lunch break __________ she got to her office.
【答案】 when
【基础练习】 4. Today, we will begin __________ we stopped yesterday so that
no point will be left out.
【答案】 where 【基础练习】 5. The school rules state that no child shall be allowed out of the school during the day, __________accompanied by an adult.
【答案】
unless
【基础练习】 6. In that age, they couldn't do __________ they like.
【答案】
what
【基础练习】 7. It was from only a few supplies that she had bought in the village __________ the hostess cooked such a nice dinner.
【答案】
that
Ⅱ.介词 1. 主要考查的知识点:
①介词的基本用法及在语境中的活用。②固定搭配 2. 介词的判断: ①在句子中不缺主语、宾语或表语的情况下(即名词或代词在句子中不作主语、宾语或表语时),设空在名词或代词前面一定填介词(设空前后名词或代词并列关系除外)。
②不及物动词后带宾语时,设空在动词与宾语之间应填介词(或副词)。 ③设空形式为:“……名词 __________ 连词……”时,空格处要填介词。再根据语境填写恰当意义的介词。 【基础练习】 1. ______ working hard, he started his own company. 【答案】 By
【基础练习】 2. My father warned me ______ going to the West Coast because it was crowded with tourists.
【答案】 against
【基础练习】 3. You look well. The air and the sea foods in Sanya must agree ______ you, I suppose.
【答案】
with
【基础练习】 4. Wind power is an ancient source of energy ______ which we may return in the near future.
【答案】
to
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