国务院办公厅日前印发《国家职业病防治规划(2016-2020年)》,部署做好“十三五”时期职业病防治工作,进一步保障劳动者职业健康权益,推进健康中国建设。
Those suffering from occupational diseases will receive more welfare benefits following a newly issued plan urging local governments and companies to strengthen preventive measures.
新发布的规划要求当地政府和企业加强职业病防护措施,职业病患者将得到更多的福利补偿。
The plan, under the 13th Five-Year Plan (2016-20), released by the State Council on Jan 4, will improve welfare for those working in harsh conditions and highlights those suffering from ailments such as pneumoconiosis or black-lung disease, exposure to radioactivity and chemical intoxication.
国务院1月4日发布的《国家职业病防治规划(2016-2020年)》将提高在恶劣条件中工作人员的福利保障,以职业性尘肺病、放射物接触和化学中毒为重点。
根据中华人民共和国职业病防治法规定:职业病(occupational diseases)是指企业、事业单位和个体经济组织等用人单位的劳动者在职业活动中,因接触粉尘(dust)、放射性物质(radioactive substances)和其他有毒、有害物质(toxic and hazardous substances)等因素而引起的疾病。
根据2016年12月30日修订的《职业病分类和目录》,职业病的主要类型有:尘肺(pneumoconiosis)、职业性放射病(radiation-induced diseases)、职业中毒(occupational poisoning)、物理因素职业病(occupational disease due to physical factor,比如:中暑)、生物因素所致职业病(occupational diseases caused by biological factors)、职业性皮肤病(occupational skin diseases)、职业性眼病(occupational eye diseases)、职业性耳鼻喉疾病(occupational ENT disease)、 职业性肿瘤(occupational tumor)、其他职业病(other occupational diseases,如,职业性哮喘)。
《规划》提出了职业病防治的各项任务:
一是强化职业病源头治理(focusing on controlling the source of disease),以职业性尘肺病、化学中毒为重点,在矿山、有色金属、冶金、建材等行业领域开展专项治理。
二是落实用人单位主体责任,督促建立防治管理责任制(stricter and more effective government supervision),加强对危害预评价、防护设施控制效果评价和竣工验收等环节的管理。
三是加大职业卫生监管执法力度(strengthening occupational healthcare supervision),建立用人单位和职业卫生技术服务机构“黑名单”制度,定期向社会公布。
四是提升职业病防治服务水平(hospitals and professional disease control institutions should provide quality services),以农民工尘肺病为切入点,简化职业病诊断程序,优化服务流程,提高服务质量。
五是落实职业病救助保障措施(putting welfare benefits measures into practice),督促用人单位按时足额缴纳工伤保险费,做好工伤保险与基本医疗保险、大病保险、医疗救助、社会慈善、商业保险等有效衔接。
六是推进职业病防治信息化建设(pushing informationization of occupational disease prevention),建立完善重点职业病与职业病危害因素监测、报告和管理网络。
七是加大职业病防治宣传教育和健康促进(promoting publicity and training of occupational disease prevention),广泛宣传职业病防治法律法规和相关标准,推动“健康企业”建设。
八是推动职业病防治科学研究(boosting academic research on occupational diseases),鼓励和支持职业病防治基础性科研工作和前瞻性研究,加快科技成果转化和应用推广。
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