2016年高考英语总复习：7-4《Unit 4 Public transport》课件（牛津译林版）

　　Ownership of Houses in a Big City in China Unit 4　Public transport

　　Ⅰ.单词拓展

　　1．________ n．　声誉，名声；区别，差别

　　2．________ prep.&adv. 在……之下

　　3．________ n．　

　　权力；权力机构；权威；权限

　　4．________ vi.　

　　起作用；工作，活动，运转

　　自我诊断：

　　1.distinction　2.beneath　3.authority　4.function

　　5．________ n．一打，十二个；十几个，十来个；许多，好多

　　6．________ n．　

　　折扣，打折

　　7．________ n．　

　　增加，增长

　　8．________ vi.　

　　目的是，打算；瞄准，对准

　　　vt.

　　将……瞄准，将……指向

　　　n.

　　目标，目的

　　自我诊断：

　　5．dozen　6.discount　7.increase　8.aim

　　9．________ vt.　承担，担任；着手做，开始进行，从事

　　10．________ vt.　

　　牺牲，奉献

　　11．________ prep.　

　　在……之外，超出

　　12．________ vt.　

　　推迟，延迟，使延期

　　自我诊断：

　　9.undertake　10.sacrifice　11.beyond　12.postpone

　　13．________ adj.　可靠的，可信赖的

　　14．________ vi.　发生，产生，形成；起立，起身；起床；起义

　　15．________ adj.　极端的，极度的

　　16．________ n．　原因，起因；事业

　　17．________ adj.　不耐烦的，没耐心的，急不可耐的

　　自我诊断：

　　13．reliable　14.arise　15.extreme　16.cause

　　17．impatient

　　18．________ vt.　罚……的款，处……以罚金

　　n.

　　罚金，罚款

　　19．________ n．负荷，负载；装载

　　vt.

　　装载

　　20．________ vt.　不认真对待，打发；解散，使……离开；解雇，免……的职；摈弃(想法等)，抛弃

　　自我诊断：

　　18.fine　19　load　20.dismiss

　　Ⅱ.短语记忆

　　1．__________ 阻塞

　　2．__________

　　连接，会合，联合

　　3．__________

　　打折

　　4．__________

　　注意(到)；关注

　　5．__________

　　更好地利用

　　自我诊断：

　　1.choke off　2.link up　3.at a discount　4.take notice of　5.make better use of

　　6．__________

　　补偿，弥补

　　7．__________

　　加速

　　8．__________

　　冲掉，冲垮，冲走

　　9．__________

　　正在修理中，在修建中

　　10．__________

　　除……之外，包括

　　自我诊断：

　　6.make up for

　　7．speed up　8.wash away　9.under repair　10.in addition to　

　　11．__________

　　由……引起/产生

　　12．__________

　　目的是，旨在，针对

　　13．__________

　　两个，两三个，几个

　　14．__________

　　希望，怀着……的希望

　　自我诊断：

　　11.arise from　12.be aimed at　13.a couple of　14.in the hope that

　　Ⅲ.句型搜索

　　1．They have done ____ the hope ____ people will take notice of the problems caused by poisonous smoke and gas from cars.

　　他们这样做是希望人们能注意到由有毒的烟及汽车所排出的气体造成的问题。

　　2．____were developed, the first railway tunnel under the River Thames was dug in 1884.

　　随着更先进的隧道挖掘方法的使用，泰晤士河下面第一条铁路隧道于1884年开始挖掘。

　　自我诊断：

　　1.so in　that　2.As more advanced ways of digging tunnels　

　　3．Another cause of accidents is____.

　　事故的另一个原因是车况不好。

　　4．What ____it was like travelling on it 100 years ago?

　　你认为100年前坐地铁旅行会是什么样的？

　　自我诊断：

　　3.that bicycles are not kept in good condition　4.do you think

　　Ⅳ.课本链接(根据课文信息填空)

　　Drivers not paying attention When another driver does something wrong, drivers who don't pay attention to surrounding traffic are not 1.____.

　　Drivers being impatient in a traffic jam Both drivers' pushing into other lanes of traffic and overtaking other cars can easily cause 2.____.

　　Drivers speaking

　　on mobile phones Speaking on the mobile phone requires 3.____and takes a driver's attention from the road.

　　Drinking and driving

　　Drivers who drive after consuming alcoholic drinks are 4.____the law and risking their own lives as well as the lives of others.

　　Drivers speeding

　　Driving too fast through city streets is very 5.____and dangerous.

　　Cyclists not paying attention Cyclists don't pay attention to the cars and often ride too close to cars to allow them space and time to 6.____.

　　Riding bicycles on the pavement Cycling on the pavement can be dangerous. Cyclists should 7.____next to their bicycles to avoid causing any accidents.

　　Cyclists carrying a passenger Carrying more than a light load on your bicycle or overloading it makes it unsteady and more difficult to control, which is an 8.____to accidents.

　　Bicycles without lights Many accidents are caused at night because a bicycle without a 9.____cannot be seen.

　　Bicycles in need of repair Often 10.____don't work properly or tyres are too old.

　　Pedestrians crossing the road incorrectly Pedestrians should always cross the road on a crossing, and should never 11.____across the road.

　　Ignoring traffic lights Traffic lights are there to 12.____traffic in an orderly way. We should all obey.

　　自我诊断：

　　1.prepared　2.crashes　3.concentration　4.violating　5.irresponsible　6.stop　7.walk　8.invitation　9.light　10.brakes　11.run　12.guide

　　第一板块　词汇精讲

　　1．aim vi.目的是，打算；瞄准vt.将……瞄准，将……指向n.目标；目的

　　【教材原句】This notice is aimed at increasing people's awareness of the problem because it has become quite extreme.

　　此通告的目的在于提高人们对这一问题的认识，因为该问题已相当严重。

　　归纳拓展

　　(1)aim at＝be aimed at目的在于，旨在

　　aim for

　　致力，努力追求

　　aim to do

　　立志做……

　　(2)with the aim of

　　以期……，意在……

　　take aim at...

　　向……瞄准

　　without aim

　　漫无目的地

　　achieve one's aim

　　实现目标

　　miss one's aim

　　达不到目的，打不中目标

　　My sister aims to be a novelist.

　　我姐姐立志要当一名小说家。

　　In order to achieve this aim, we must learn from other companies.

　　为了实现这个目标，我们必须向别的公司学习。

　　I started to learn English with the aim of becoming a teacher.

　　我开始学英语的目的是当一名教师。

　　2．confuse vt. 使糊涂，使困惑；使混乱；混淆

　　【教材原句】When I first undertook the project, I found the information confusing because I didn't know how to organize it.

　　当我起初开始研究这个课题时，我感到信息很乱，因为我不知道该怎样有序地整理这些信息。

　　归纳拓展

　　(1)confuse A with/and B把A与B混淆

　　(2)confusing adj.

　　令人迷惑的

　　confused adj.

　　(人感到)糊涂的，迷惑的

　　be/get confused with

　　对……感到困惑

　　(3)confusion n.

　　不确定，困惑

　　in confusion

　　迷惑地；困惑地；处于混乱状态

　　I always confuse John with his brother; they are very much alike.

　　我总是分不清约翰和他的哥哥，他们长得太像了。

　　I find his lectures very confusing; he never sticks to the point.我发现他的课令人困惑不解，他总是跑题。

　　When the earthquake occurred, everything was in confusion.发生地震时，一切都乱作一团。

　　3．beyond prep.在……之外，超出，为……所不能及adv.在远处，向远处

　　【教材原句】It was an A＋， which was beyond my modest expectations.

　　我得的分数是A＋，这超出了我以前适中的期望。

　　They crossed the mountains and travelled to the valleys beyond.他们越过群山，到了那边的山谷。

　　归纳拓展

　　beyond description　无法形容

　　beyond words

　　无法用语言表达(形容)

　　beyond one's reach

　　够不着，力所不及的

　　beyond one's wildest dreams

　　做梦也想不到的

　　beyond one's power

　　超出某人的能力

　　beyond one's control

　　无法控制

　　beyond one's comprehension

　　超出某人的理解能力

　　beyond compare

　　无与伦比

　　The view from the top was quite beyond description.

　　从山顶看去的景色是笔墨难以形容的。

　　It is a natural disaster which is beyond our control.

　　这是人力无法控制的自然灾害。

　　4．arise vi.(arose, arisen)发生，产生，形成；起立，起身；起床；起义

　　【教材原句】The number of road accidents and the deaths arising from those accidents had increased greatly over the past year.

　　在过去的一年中，交通事故数量以及由交通事故所引发的死亡人数急剧上升。

　　归纳拓展

　　arise from＝arise out of由……引起/产生，起源于；升起，上升

　　He arose from his seat.

　　他从座位上站起来。

　　Accidents usually arise from carelessness.

　　意外事件可能因疏忽而引起。

　　5．in the hope that 希望，怀着……的希望

　　【教材原句】They have done so in the hope that people will take notice of the problems caused by poisonous smoke and gas from cars.

　　他们之所以这样做是希望人们注意由汽车排出的有毒烟雾和尾气所带来的问题。

　　► 归纳拓展

　　(1)怀着……的希望

　　(2)

　　人们希望……

　　She lived in hopes of seeing one of her sons succeed.

　　她生活的寄托就是期望儿子当中有人能出人头地。

　　It is hoped that we will finish the work on Monday.

　　希望我们星期一能完成工作。

　　6．in addition to 除……之外，包括

　　【教材原句】In addition to the frequent fast ferries to ports in Weihai and Yantai, there are slower ferries to Shanghai, Qinhuangdao and Inchon in Korea.

　　除了快速渡轮频繁去往威海和烟台外，还有一些较慢的渡轮去往上海、秦皇岛和韩国的仁川。

　　In addition to the names on the list there are six other applicants.除名单上的名字之外，还有六个申请人。

　　归纳拓展

　　in addition此外，另外(副词性短语)

　　In addition, I have another question.

　　另外，我还有一个问题。

　　Ⅰ.单词拼写

　　1．We should make the best of this____(有价值的) opportunity.

　　答案：valuable

　　2．The ability to use a language can be________(获得) by the act of using the language.

　　答案：acquired

　　3．His speech was________(经常地) interrupted by stormy applause.

　　答案：frequently

　　4．Could you tell me the________(优点) of this washer?

　　答案：advantages

　　5．I________(瞄准) at the target but hit the wall.

　　答案：aimed

　　6．This was the instance that________(发生) first to my mind.

　　答案：occured

　　7．They________(使困惑) me with conflicting accounts of what happened.

　　答案：confused

　　8．Peace and development________(仍是) the themes of the present era.

　　答案：remain

　　9．My deep________(感激) is beyond words for your sympathy and thoughtfulness.

　　答案：appreciation

　　10．She passed her________(资格) for the Olympic gymnastic competition.

　　答案：qualification

　　Ⅱ.单项填空

　　1．—It is reported that the government has lightened the burden on the students.

　　—Oh, today we are still________from heavy schoolwork，________at preparing us for the entrance examination.

　　A．suffering; aimingB．suffered; aimed

　　C．suffering; aimed

　　D．suffered; aiming

　　解析：第一空用suffering表示主动；而第二空用aimed at，相当于which is aimed at...，意思是“繁重的作业旨在让我们准备参加入学考试”。be aimed at旨在，目的在于。

　　答案：C

　　2．As a punishment, she was not____to attend any school activities.

　　A．persuadedB．permitted

　　C．predicted

　　D．preserved

　　解析：句意：作为惩罚，她不被允许参加任何课外活动。permit sb. to do sth.允许某人做……。persuade说服，劝说；predict预言，预示；preserve预留，保护。

　　答案：B

　　3．(2012年皖南八校联考)____genes, intelligence also depends on an adequate diet, a good education and a decent home environment.

　　A．In exchange for

　　B．Except for

　　C．In addition to

　　D．Due to

　　解析：考查介词短语辨析。句意：除了遗传基因外，智力的高低还取决于适当的饮食、良好的教育和好的家庭环境。in addition to相当于besides，表示“除了……之外还有”。in exchange for作为……的交换；except for除了……以外；due to因为。C项符合题意。

　　答案：C

　　4．(2012年安庆一中质检)He studied hard____good grades might attract the girl's attention.

　　A．in hope of

　　B．in the hope that

　　C．in hopes of

　　D．in the hope of

　　解析：句意：他努力地学习，希望能够用优异的成绩引起那个女孩的注意。空格后是一个句子，故应选B项。in the hope that...希望，怀着……的希望。A、C项和D项后都只能接相当于名词的成分。

　　答案：B

　　5．The question then____. What are we going to do when we graduate from the university?

　　A．raises

　　B．arouses

　　C．arises

　　D．rises

　　解析：句意：然后问题产生了，我们大学毕业后将做什么？arise在此处表示“(问题)产生，出现”。

　　答案：C

　　6．She was touched____words after she saw the film directed by Feng Xiaogang.

　　A．beyond

　　B．without

　　C．of

　　D．in

　　解析：考查习惯用语。beyond words“无法用语言表达”。句意：看过冯小刚导演的这部电影后，她感动地无以言表。

　　答案：A

　　7．(2012年南京外国语学校质检)He bought a new cellphone for the old one has been damaged____.

　　A．beyond reachB．beyond repair

　　C．beyond control

　　D．beyond description

　　解析：beyond reach够不着；beyond repair无法修理；beyond control无法控制；beyond description无法形容，难以描绘。据题意选B。

　　答案：B

　　8．He felt____when he saw the____result.

　　A．confusing; confusing

　　B．confused; confusing

　　C．confusing; confused

　　D．confused; confused

　　解析：confusing意为“令人糊涂的”，强调事物的性质、特征；confused意为“感到糊涂的”，强调人的心理、状态。根据句子的意思，答案选B。

　　答案：B

　　9．In America, as more people gain____to proper healthcare as a result of medical reform, there may be a shortage of nurses.

　　A．delivery

　　B．suggestion

　　C．protection

　　D．access

　　解析：考查名词辨析。从语意的连贯看，这里用gain access to表示“得到进入/利用……的权利”。由于医疗改革，越来越多的人可以得到适当的医疗保健服务。

　　答案：D

　　10．(2012年荆州中学质检)Scientists say that vitamins and the like taken by millions of women may____put them at more risk, causing serious harm to them.

　　A．actually

　　B．necessarily

　　C．particularly

　　D．adequately

　　解析：考查副词辨析。科学家说无数女性服用的维生素之类的药品实际上使她们的处境更危险，会给她们带来严重的危害。用actually表示“实际上”。

　　答案：A

　　Ⅲ.完成句子

　　1．她参观学校的目的是看看图书馆。

　　She visited the school____________seeing the library.

　　2．这次访问的目的是发展两国关系。

　　The visit____________expanding relations between the two countries.

　　3．这个国家的目标是使农业机械化。

　　The country____________mechanize its farming industry.

　　4．他进了城，希望能找到一份工作。

　　He went to town____________he could get a job.

　　5．他去了伦敦，希望能成为著名的画家。

　　He went to London____________becoming a famous painter.

　　6．我一直在寻找与这双鞋同类的鞋子。

　　I've been____________the same kind of shoes as these.

　　7．他为寻求更好的生活，移民到巴西。

　　He emigrated to Brazil____________.

　　答案：1.with the aim of　2.was aimed at 　3.aims to　4.in the hope that　5.in the hope of　6.searching for　7.in search of a better life

　　第二板块　句型巧析

　　1．As more advanced ways of digging tunnels were developed, the first railway tunnel under the River Thames was dug in 1884.

　　随着先进的挖掘隧道方法的改进，第一条在泰晤士河下的铁路隧道于1884年开始动工。

　　此处as引导时间状语从句，意为“随着……，正当……的时候”，强调主句谓语动词与从句谓语动词的同时性。

　　As he grew older he lost interest in everything except gardening.随着年纪增大，除了园艺，他对什么都失去了兴趣。(引导时间状语从句)

　　► 归纳拓展

　　as用作连词，可引导下列状语从句：

　　(1)引导让步状语从句，“尽管”，“虽然”，“即使”。

　　(2)引导方式状语从句，“以……方式，按照……”。

　　(3)引导原因状语从句，“由于”，“因为”。

　　(4)引导比较状语从句，“和……一样”。

　　(5)引导定语从句，“正如，正像”。

　　Young as I am, I already know what career I want to follow.尽管我年轻，我已知道我要从事什么职业。(引导让步状语从句)

　　As you weren't there, I left a message.

　　因为你不在，我留了个便条。(引导原因状语从句)

　　　【点津】　as引导让步状语从句，要用倒装语序。

　　单项填空

　　1．A good many proposals were raised by the delegates，____was to be expected.

　　A．that

　　B．what

　　C．so

　　D．as

　　解析：句意：正如所料，代表们提出了许多建议。as引导定语从句，代指上文的内容。

　　答案：D

　　2．(2012年蚌埠模拟)____， Jack couldn't get the door open. He had to dial 110.

　　A．As he might try

　　B．Try as he might

　　C．As might he try

　　D．might as he try

　　解析：as引导让步状语从句时，引起倒装，其结构为：名词/形容词/副词/动词原形＋as＋主语＋情态动词/助动词。as意为“虽然，尽管……”。

　　答案：B

　　(七)本期看点：阅读理解之主旨大意题

　　主旨大意题是阅读理解中要求高、难度大的题型之一，是一种很能体现试题区分度的题型，一般占整个阅读理解题的10%左右。主旨大意题属于整体理解题，考查宏观把握文意和概括归纳的能力，要求考生摆脱某些细枝末节的烦扰，抓大放小，“不见树木，也见森林”。

　　即使文后没有命题，主旨大意也是各位同学必须“自考”的。因为当你在茫茫信息之海中找不到定位，摸不着方向的时候，主旨就是你最后一根救命稻草：你会发现选项和文章的主题越相关，就越接近正确答案。常用提问方式有：

　　1.The main idea/key point of the passage is ________.

　　2.The passage is mainly about ________.

　　3.The topic/subject discussed in the passage is ________.

　　4.Which of the following best states the main idea of the passage?

　　【解题导引】

　　主旨大意题要求考生对全文的内容或某一段的内容加以合理地归纳，目的是检查对短文整体或某一段落的理解概括能力。它可以是对文章或段落中心的陈述，也可以是对文章标题的选择。在做主旨大意题时，我们可以遵循以下三部曲：

　　【典例】

　　People diet to look more attractive.Fish diet to avoid being beaten up，thrown out of their social group，and getting eaten as a result.That is the fascinating conclusion of the latest research into fish behavior by a team of Australian scientists.

　　65．When a goby grows to within 5—10%of the size of its larger competitor，it ________.

　　66．The underlined words“the evicted fish”in Paragraph 3 refer to ________.

　　67．The experiment showed that the smaller fish

　　________.

　　68．What is the text mainly about?

　　A．Fish dieting and human dieting.

　　B．Dieting and health.

　　C．Human dieting.

　　D．Fish dieting.

　　Step 1：串读题干，明确主题

　　串读题干并未发现明显主题信息，但不可放过出现的“高频词”(至少两次)和共通的信息，这可能对寻找主题有帮助，此外要善于在第一时间找到起承上启下作用的句子，这样可以省去大量细读的时间。如果没有这类中心句，必须回归到每段，确定“一句话”式中心句。题干中出现的共通信息可从第65、66、67中得出，即fish和size。

　　Step 2：瞻首顾尾，定位中心句

　　本文是一篇资讯报道，而资讯报道一般首先点明全文的中心，然后再详细叙述事件的发生、发展和结局，因此其第一段往往包含了全文的主题。由此方法可知，本文的主题句是：Fish diet to avoid being beaten up，thrown out of their social group，and getting eaten as a result。

　　Step 3：转义概括，或取其一

　　全文说明了最新的研究成果——鱼类为什么节食。文章第一段中先以人为对比，引出鱼类节食这个话题，然后指明这是最新的研究成果。因此可以推断，在随后的几个段落里，作者要对这个发现进行说明，故文章全篇应是关于鱼类节食的。D项简洁明了，概括了文章大意。

　　【经典有约】

　　Along the river banks of the Amazon andthe Orinoco there lives a bird that swims beforeit

　　can fly，flies like a fat chicken，eats green leaves，has the stomach of a cowand has claws(爪)on itswings when young.They build their homes abou

　　4.6m above the river，an important feature(特征)for the safety of the young.It is called the hoatzin.

　　In appearance，the birds of both sexes look very much alike with brown on the back and cream and red on the underside.The head is small，with a large set of feathers on the top，bright red eyes，and blue skin.Its nearest relatives

　　are the

　　common

　　birds，cuckoos.

　　Its most striking feature，though，is only found in the young.

　　Baby hoatzins have a claw on the leading edge of each wing and another at the end of each wing tip.Using these four claws，together with the beak(喙)，they can climb about in the bushes，looking very much like primitive birds must have done.When the young hoatzins have learned to fly，they lose their claws.

　　During the drier months between December and March hoatzins fly about the forest in groups of 20 to 30 birds，but in April，when the rainy season begins，they collect together in smaller living units of two to seven birds for producing purposes.

　　1．What is the text mainly about?

　　A．Hoatzins in dry and rainy seasons.

　　B．The relatives and enemies of hoatzins.

　　C．Primitive birds and hoatzins of the Amazon.

　　D．The appearance and living habits of hoatzins.

　　解析：通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了麝雉的外形和生活习性。

　　答案：D

　　2．Young hoatzins are different from their parents in that ________.

　　A．they look like young cuckoos

　　B．they have claws on the wings

　　C．they eat a lot like a cow

　　D．they live on river banks

　　解析：由第三段首句及该段末句可知，这种鸟幼年时翅膀上有爪子，成年后就没有了。这便是这种鸟的幼鸟与其父母的不同之处。

　　答案：B

　　3．What can we infer about primitive birds from the text?

　　A．They had claws to help them climb.

　　B．They could fly long distances.

　　C．They had four wings like hoatzins.

　　D．They had a head with long feathers on the top.

　　解析：由第三段第二句可知，原始鸟类可以用爪子爬树。

　　答案：A

　　4．Why do hoatzins collect together in smaller groups when the rainy season comes?

　　A．To find more food.

　　B．To protect themselves better.

　　C．To keep themselves warm.

　　D．To produce their young.

　　解析：由文章末句中的“...for producing purposes...”可知，雨季的时候麝雉会聚集到一起是为了繁殖，即生育幼鸟。

　　答案：D

　　本期看点：书面表达之图表类

　　图表类

　　一、策略导引

　　1．考纲点拨

　　图表作文就是将数据、图表所包含的信息，转化为表意的说明文字。图表作文通常比较复杂，学生不仅要弄清提示，还要看懂所给的图表和数据。由于这类试题提示内容少，信息点分散，审题时一定要领会作者的出题意图，弄清主题再动笔。高考书面表达图表类的试题常常既要求我们描述或解释图表信息，又要求我们根据图表所提供的信息分析原因或发表议论，甚至对图表所反映的现象提出自己的看法，因此也是对考生思维能力的一种综合考查。

　　2．命题特点和应试策略

　　高考图表作文多以议论文和说明文为主。

　　根据图表呈现方式的不同，图表作文又可分为柱状图、曲线图、数字表格和饼状图的四类。其中，柱状图是用不相等的柱状图形来表示，柱状图是指在人们日常生活中，事物的变化情况通常可以用高度差别来说明事物的动态发展趋势，同时要注意图例说明和坐标刻度所提示的信息。柱状图是高中英语课本中常见的图形，要求学生通过柱状图中的数据和提示内容写一篇短文，属于比较、对照类。也可根据提示写为议论文。曲线图常用来表示事物的变化趋势。常分为带时间参照和不带时间参照两种。曲线图的特点是信息集中，一目了然。数字表格是以表格形式将统计的数据或被说明的事物直接用表格形式体现出来，即统计表。饼状图则是以圆内扇形的大小表示总体内部结构的变化。

　　图表类作文常采用以下三个步骤：

　　(1)开门见山，点明主题。

　　点明图表所反映的主题或问卷、民意调查的结果；或点明你要展开阐述的话题。

　　(2)呈现数据，分析原因。

　　呈现调查所得数据、结果，阐明必要的理由或原因；或分析数据间的主要差异及趋势。要特别注意层次。

　　(3)归纳总结或发表评论。

　　此外，写作时还要注意：(1)图表和数据内容不必全部描述；善于抓住总的规律、趋势、归纳增减率；过去特定的时间用过去时，经常出现的情况或自己的评述用一般现在时；(2)切忌写成“填表题”，“一对一直译”，“句式单一”，遗漏“间接要点”应巧妙组合信息。

　　二、素材必备

　　1．常用词汇

　　1)点明图表所反映的主题的常用词汇：

　　table表格　chart图表　figure图表

　　graph曲线图

　　describe描述

　　tell告诉

　　show表明

　　represent描绘，表现

　　indicate指出，提示

　　2)分析数据间的主要差异及趋势的常用词汇：

　　(1)表示上升或增加的：rise，increase，go up

　　(2)表示下降或减少的：decrease，fall，reduce，decline，drop，go down

　　2．常用句式

　　(1)A，which accounts for...%，rank the first；next in line is B with...%，followed by C，making up...%；finally D，at...%

　　A排在第一，占……%，紧接着是B，占……%，跟着是C，点……%，最后是D，占……%。

　　Housing expenses，which account for 40%，rank the first；next in line is food cost with 28%，followed by medical bills and school fees，making up 20%；finally is clothing，at 7%.

　　住房消费排在第一，占40%，紧接着是饮食消费，占28%，跟着是医疗和教育费用，占20%，最后是服装占7%。

　　(2)Food price has increased by 19%.

　　食品价格增长了19%.

　　(3)Private cars have doubled in the past five years.

　　私家车在过去五年里翻了一番。

　　(4)The number of private cars has been dramatically rising from 11 million in 1999 to more than 140 million in 2009.

　　私家车的数量由1999年的1 100万辆急剧地上升到2009年的一亿四千多万辆。

　　(5)The data/statistics/figures can be interpreted as follows...

　　这一数据我们可以做如下的解读……

　　(6)The data/statistics/figures lead us to the conclusion that teenagers mainly use the computer for entertainment.

　　这一数据可以让我们得出如下的结论，即：青少年使用电脑，主要是为了娱乐。

　　(7)There are two reasons that account for this phenomenon.

　　有两个原因可以解释这一现象。

　　(8)A number of factors could account for(contribute to/lead to/result in)the change(success/increase)．

　　许多因素可以说明(导致/引起)这个变化(成功/增长)。

　　(9)The main reason for such change is the application of technology in farming.

　　这一变化的主要原因是科技在农业中的应用。

　　3)归纳总结或发表评论的常用句型：

　　(1)In a word，practice is far more important than book knowledge.一句话，实践远比书本知识重要。

　　(2)Personally，/In my opinion/As far as I'm concerned/From my point of view...依我之见……

　　Personally，I would like a very cute，friendly robot beside me.我自己倒是非常喜欢身边有一个可爱的、友善的机器人。

　　(3)We can draw the conclusion that...

　　我们可以得出这样的结论……

　　From the analysis of features of the newspaper，we can draw a conclusion that newspaper is irreplaceable in a long period.

　　从报纸的特点进行分析后可以看出，在很长一段时间之内报纸都具有不可代替性。

　　2．黄金模板

　　As is shown by the figure/percentage in the table/picture，________has been on the rise/decrease，significantly/dramatically rising/decreasing from________ in ________ to ________ in ________.From the sharp/marked rise/decline in the chart，it goes without saying that________.

　　There are at least two good reasons accounting for ________.On the one hand，________.On the other hand，________ is due to the fact that ________.In addition，________ is responsible for ________.Maybe there are some other reasons to show ________.But it is generally believed that the reasons mentioned above are commonly convincing.

　　As far as I am concerned，I hold the point of view that ________.I am sure my opinion is both sound and well grounded.

　　三、典题在线

　　(2011年南京模拟)观察下列图表，请以“Changes in the Ownership of Houses”为题，为校报写一篇短文。

　　注意：

　　短文应包括以下内容：

　　1．根据图示描述该市住房产权的变化；

　　2．分析产生这些变化的原因；

　　3．说明这些变化对个人和社会产生的影响

　　注意：1.开头已经写好，不计入总词数。

　　2．词数：100左右。

　　Changes in the Ownership of Houses

　　As can be seen from the chart，ownership of houses in a big city in China changed in the past ten years.　

　　思路分析

　　自主练笔

　　Changes in the Ownership of Houses

　　As can be seen from the chart，ownership of houses in a big city in China changed in the past sixteen years.In 1995,75 percent of the houses were state­owned.Eight years later，the rate of state­owned houses to private ones was 3 to 2.①But from then on，the ownership of houses changed_rapidly_and_so_far_80_percent_of_houses_have_been_private.

　　②What caused the changes？There_might_have_been_two_main_reasons.③First，from 1995 up to now，the people's living standards have_been_improving.Most of them can afford to_buy_the_houses.⑤Second，most people do not save a lot of money in the bank for their children as their parents did in the past.They want to have_their_own_home_and_enjoy_life.

　　Such changes have had_a_great_effect_on_the_development

　　_of_society.⑦It_does_good_to both the citizens and the government.