2016高考英语二轮复习（阅读理解）25分钟限时训练（1）

　　阅读理解A篇

　　preface

　　Science is a dominant theme in our culture. Since it touches almost every facet of our life, educated people need at least some acquaintance with its structure and operation. They should also have an understanding of the subculture in which scientists live and the kinds of people they are. An understanding of general characteristics of science as well as specific scientific concepts is easier to attain if one knows something about the things that excite and frustrate the scientist.

　　This book is written for the intelligent student or lay person whose acquaintance with science is superficial; for the person who has been presented with science as a musty storehouse of dried facts; for the person who sees the chief objective of science as the production of gadgets; and for the person who views the scientists as some sort of magician. The book can be used to supplement a course in any science, to accompany any course that attempts to give an understanding of the modern world, or – independently of any course – simply to provide a better understanding of science. We hope this book will lead readers to a broader perspective on scientific attitudes and a more realistic view of what science is, who scientists are, and what they do. It will give them an awareness and understanding of the relationship between science and our culture and an appreciation of the roles science may play in our culture. In addition, readers may learn to appreciate the relationship between scientific views and some of the values and philosophies that are pervasive in our culture.

　　We have tried to present in this book an accurate and up-to-date picture of the scientific community and the people who populate it. That population has in recent years come to comprise more and more women. This increasing role of women in the scientific subculture is not an unique incident but, rather, part of the trend evident in all segments of society as more women enter traditionally male-dominated fields and make significant contributions. In discussing these changes and contribution, however, we are faced with a language that is implicitly sexist, one that uses male nouns or pronouns in referring to unspecified individuals. To offset this built-in bias, we have adopted the policy of using plural nouns and pronouns whenever possible and, when absolutely necessary, alternating he and she. This policy is far form being ideal, but it is at least an acknowledgment of the inadequacy of our language in treating half of the human race equally.

　　We have also tried to make the book entertaining as well as informative. Our approach is usually informal. We feel, as do many other scientists, that we shouldn’t take ourselves too seriously. As the reader may observe, we see science as a delightful pastime rather than as a grim and dreary way to earn a living.

　　46.According to the passage, ‘scientific subculture’ means

　　A. cultural groups that are formed by scientists.

　　B. people whose knowledge of science is very limited.

　　C. the scientific community.

　　D. people who make good contribution to science.

　　47.We need to know something about the structure and operation of science because

　　A. it is not easy to understand the things that excite and frustrate scientists.

　　B. Science affects almost every aspect of our life.

　　C. Scientists live in a specific subculture.

　　D. It is easier to understand general characteristics of science.

　　48.The book mentioned in this passage is written for readers who

　　A. are intelligent college students and lay person who do not know much about science.

　　B. are good at producing various gadgets.

　　C. work in a storehouse of dried facts.

　　D. want to have a superficial understanding of science.

　　49.According to this passage,

　　A. English is a sexist language.

　　B. only in the scientific world is the role of women increasing rapidly.

　　C. women are making significant contributions to eliminating the inadequacy of our language.

　　D. male nouns or pronouns should not be used to refer to scientists.

　　50.This passage most probably is

　　A. a book review.

　　B. the preface of a book.

　　C. the postscript of a book.

　　D. the concluding part of a book.

　　B篇

　　Meditation in Indonesian Business

　　It looked like a typical business meeting. Six men, neatly dressed in white shirts and ties filed into the boardroom of a small Jakarta company and sat down at a long table. But instead of consulting files or hearing reports, they closed their eyes and began to meditate, consulting the spirits of ancient Javanese kings. Mysticism touches almost every aspect of life in Indonesia and business is no exception. One of the meditators said his weekly meditation sessions are aimed mainly at bringing the peace of mind that makes for good decision-making. But the insight gained from mystic communication with spirits of wise kings has also helped boost the profits of his five companies.

　　Mysticism and profits have come together since the 13th century introduction of Islam to Indonesia by Indian Moslem merchants. Those devout traders, called ‘Wali Ullah’ or ‘those close to God, ’ energetically spread both trade and religion by adapting their appeals to the native mysticism of Java. Legends attribute magic power of foreknowledge to the Wali Ullah. These powers were believed to be gained through meditation and fasting.

　　Businessman Hadisiko said his group fasts and meditates all night every Thursday to become closer to God and to contact the spirits of the great men of the past. ‘If we want to employ someone at the managerial level, we meditate together and often the message comes that this man can’t hole onto money or he is untrustworthy. Or maybe the spirits will tell us he should be hired.’

　　Hadiziko hastened to add that his companies also hold modern personnel management systems and that formal qualifications are essential for a candidate even to be considered. Perspective investments also are considered through mystic meditation. ‘With the mind relaxed and open, it is easier to be objective in judging the risk of a new venture. Meditation and contact with the wisdom of the old leaders sharpens your own insight and intuition. Then you have to apply that intuition to the information you have and work hard to be successful. ’ Mystic meditation helped reverse a business slide his companies experienced in the mid-1980. Operating with normal business procedures, he lost more than $ 3 millions in that year alone. Meditation brought back his peace of mind. Putting the right persons in the right jobs and gaining confidence in his business decisions were the keys to a turning around that has brought expansion and profitability. The mysticism in Handspike’s boardroom is part of a growing movement in Indonesia called Kebatinan – the ‘search for the inner self.’

　　One of his managers, Yusuf Soemado, who studied business administration at Harvard University, compared the idea of mystic management to western system of positive thinking. ‘Willpower and subconscious mind are recognized as important factors in business. Such approaches as psycho-cybernetics, Carnegie’s think and growth rates, or the power of positive thinking are western attempts to tap the same higher intelligence that we contact through meditation,’ he said.

　　51.What is the most important factor in their doing business?

　　A. Mysticism.

　　B. Religion.

　　C. Meditation.

　　D. Investment.

　　52.Whom do they consult?

　　A. The spirits of ancient Javanese kings.

　　B. Wali Ullah.

　　C. Old Kings.

　　D. Carnegie.

　　53.Why did Hadisike hasten to add ‘his companies also hold modern personnel management systems…’?

　　A. He thought Mysticism was not so good as expected.

　　B. To show they too focused on qualifications.

　　C. To show they hired qualified persons.

　　D. To show the possibility of combination of the scientific management with religion.

　　54.According to the passage, the function of the meditation is

　　A. to gain profit from the god.

　　B. to gain peace of mind to make decision.

　　C. to gain foreknowledge.

　　D. to gain objective conclusion.

　　55.What does ‘operating with normal business procedures’ refer to?

　　A. Adopting the western way of doing business.

　　B. Ordinary way of doing business without meditation and fasting.

　　C. Contact with God.

　　D. Putting right persons in the right jobs.

　　46-55 C B A D BCABBB

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　　A段

　　The year is 2094. It has been announced that a comet (彗星) is heading towards the Earth. Most of it will miss our planet, but two pieces will probably hit the southern half of the Earth.

　　On 17 July, a piece four kilometres wide enters the Earth's

　　atmosphere (大气层) with a massive explosion. About half of the piece is destroyed, but the remaining part hits the South

　　Atlantic at 200 times the speed of sound. The sea boils and a huge hole is made in the sea bed. Huge waves are created and spread outwards from the hole. The wall of water, a kilometre

　　high, rushes towards southern Africa at 800 kilometres an

　　hour. Cities on the African coast are totally destroyed and mil lions of people are drowned.

　　Before the waves reach South America, the second piece of

　　the comet lands in Argentina. Earthquakes and volcanoes are set off in the Andes Mountains. The shock waves move north

　　into California and all around the Pacific Ocean. The cities of lob Angeles, San Francisco and Tokyo are completely destroyed by earthquakes. Millions of people in the southern half of the earth are already dead, but the north won't escape for long. Because of the explosions, the sun is hidden by, clouds of dust, temperatures around the world fall to almost zero. Crops are ruined. The sun won't be seen again for many years. Wars break out as countries fight for food. A year later, no more than 10 million people remain alive.

　　Could it really happen? In fact, it has already happened more than once in the history of the Earth. The dinosaurs (恐龙) were on the Earth for over 160 million years. Then 65 mil- lion years ago they suddenly disappeared. Many scientists believe that the Earth was hit by a piece of object in space. The dinosaurs couldn't live through the cold climate that followed and they died out. Will we meet the same end?

　　1. What is mainly described in the passage？

　　A. A historic discovery

　　B. An event of imagination

　　C. A research on space.

　　D. A scientific adventure

　　答案:

　　2. When the first piece hits the South Atlantic, it causes_________.

　　A. an earthquake

　　B. damages to cities

　　C. an Earth explosion

　　D. huge waves

　　答案:

　　3. Why can't the northern half of the' earth escape for long?

　　A. Because the land is covered with water.

　　B. Because the light and heat from the sun cannot reach the earth.

　　C. Because people there cannot live at the temperature of zero.

　　D. Because wars break out among countries.

　　答案:

　　4. By giving the example of dinosaurs the author tries to prove_________.

　　A. animals could not live in the cold climate

　　B. what happened 65 million years ago was an invented story

　　C. the human beings will die out in 2094

　　D. the Earth could be hit by other objects in space Passage

　　答案:

　　1. Mountain lions are moving probably because_________.

　　A. the suburbs o[ big cities are peaceful and quiet

　　B. more roads are being built into the mountains

　　C. the number of the lions increases in the west

　　D. young lions are seeking new partners

　　2. According to the passage,it is clear that_________.

　　A. the reported

　　sightings of mountain lions

　　have not

　　been proved

　　B. people walking in the country may come across a lion

　　C. fences have been built to protect the ions

　　D. mountain lions prefer populated areas

　　3. To avoid attracting rnotuntain lions, People are advised_________.

　　A. to build more roads for the lions to move safely

　　B. to keep a close watch on their [arm animals

　　C. not to stay outdoors

　　D. not to raise pets

　　4. Which is the best title for the passage?

　　A. Mountain Lions in Unlikely Passage?

　　B. Measures Taken to Avoid Lions

　　C. Number of Sightings Going Up

　　D. Mountain Lions Moving West

　　命题目的与解题技巧；本文的命题目的是考查学生把握全文主题和理解中心思想的能力，而本井无明显主题句。做这类题的技巧是：正确理解作者所提供的细节，运用自己的逻辑概括能力。综合归纳主题。

　　解析：

　　本文主要讲美国西部的狮子被人们在全国各地发现。据科学家估计是因为狮子数量不断增加，新的雄狮欲寻新的安身之所。

　　答案：

　　1．C

　　细节题。从第二段的第三句话“Some think that as the mountain lion populat ionicreases in the west，younger wild cats are leaving the area．．．searching for new homes and new places for food”可直接选出答案。

　　2．B

　　细节题。由第一段第二句“．一people have reported seeing them in quiet neighbrhoods all across the country”和第四段第四句“The buiding of new roads，the．．．may meet up with a mountin lion"可知目前狮子在美国到外可见

　　3．B

　　细节判断题。第五段专家建议中的第二点properly care for farm animals与B项同义，而A项中的建更多的roads文中未提及，文中只提到了public land；C、D两项文中提及。

　　4．A

　　主旨大意题。本文主要讲山狮从山里游移到全国各地，有时来到它们不该来的农户、新建公路等，一切都表明它们来到原来不可能的地方。

　　G

　　Giving Back Fair Way

　　The Westborough High School golf team had taken the of- ficial photos with the state prize. The other teams, disappoint- ed, were on the bus heading home. And then Westborough in- structor Greg Rota noticed something wrong on one of the score cards. A 9 had been recorded as a 7. They were not the state prize winner; Woburn High had won.

　　"No one would have known, "said Woburn's instructor, Bob Doraru For Rota, it wasn't a difficult decision." The prize wasn't ours to take. '

　　"Coin Stars"

　　"College students are lazy, but they also want to help" says University of Pennsylvania graduate Dana Hork. So she made it easy, placing cups in rooms where students could leave their spare coins, and handing out cups to first-year students to keep in their rooms. Her" Change for Change" effort has collected $ 40,000 for charities (慈善机构) , which were decided upon by students. Never Forgotten A school in Massachusetts received a $ 9. 5 million check from Jacques LeBermuth But it took officials several days of digging to discover his connection to the school Records showed the LeBermuth came from Belgium and studied in the school in the 1920s. When his family fell on hard times, he was offered free room and board. LeBermuth became a trader, owned shares of AT&T and lived off the earnings until he died, at age 89.

　　1. What did Greg Rota probably do in the end?

　　A. Took photos of Doran.

　　B. Had a meeting with Doran.

　　C. Returned the prize to the organizer.

　　D. Apologized to Woburn High Schook

　　答案: C

　　指导：考查根据文章内容进行推理判断的能力。获奖队 的教练自己发现了错误，而且决定这个奖不能拿，那么接下来推断肯定是要把奖送回去。

　　2. Greg Rota's decision shows that he was _______.

　　A. honest

　　B. polite

　　C. careful

　　D. friendly

　　答案: A

　　指导：考查根据文章内容进行推理判断的能力。从Greg Rota自己发现错误到决定把奖送回，表明他性格中的诚实。因此答案为honest．

　　3. The underlined word "Change" in the second paragraph means_______.

　　A. Idea

　　B. Decision

　　C. Cups

　　D. Coins

　　答案: D

　　指导：考查猜测词义的能力。Change for Change中的第一个change指的是“零钱”，第二个change是表示“变化”。两个change在一起肯定意思不同，关键在于首先应该明白change的不同含义，再根据文章内容进行判断。因为募集的零钱都捐给了慈善机构，改变了其他一些人的生活。所以介词for后面的change应该是目的表“变化”，那么第一个就是“零钱”。

　　4. What did the school officials do after receiving the check from Mr. LeBermuth?

　　A They tried to find out why he gave them the money.

　　B. They went to Belgium to pay their respects to him.

　　C. They dug out the records that were buried underground.

　　D. They decided to offer their students free room and board.

　　答案: A

　　指导：考查对文章事实细节的理解，依据是第三段文字的第二句话。

　　5. Jacques LBermuth gave the money to the school because_______.

　　A. the school asked for it

　　B. he had no need for that much money

　　C. the school had helped him in the past

　　D. he wanted to be remembered by the students

　　答案: C

　　指导：考查根据文章内容进行推理判断的能力。学校在Jacques LeB-ermuth困难的时候帮助过他，所以他寄来950万美元的支票回报学校。

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