2016年高考第二轮复习英语湖北版 专题整合突破
四、介词和介词短语
真题试做
1.(2012湖北高考,25)The furniture,with its modern style and bright colors,suits modern houses and their gardens,but looks______in the garden of a traditional home.
A.out of question
B.out of order
C.out of sight
D.out of place
2.(2011湖北高考,30)When asked about their opinions about the schoolmaster,many teachers would prefer to see him step aside ______ younger men.
A.in terms of
B.in need of
C.in favor of
D.in praise of
3.(2010湖北高考,30)It is illegal for a public official to ask people for gifts or money ______ favors to them.
A.in preference to
B.in place of
C.in agreement with
D.in exchange for
4.(2009湖北高考,30)His efforts to raise money for his program were______because no one showed any intention to take a cent out of their pockets.
A.in place
B.in sight
C.in effect
D.in vain
考向分析
湖北高考对介词的考查主要集中在介词短语的用法上,从近四年的湖北高考试题该部分来看,前三年都集中考查了介词in构成的介词短语的辨析,但2012年高考却考查了介词out of构成的短语的辨析,因此考生在复习备考时应注意以下几点:
1.注意形式
很多情况下作为选项的四个介词短语在结构形式上具有相似性,都是由相同介词+不同名词构成的介词短语。形虽相似,意却不同。所以在做题时应注意辨别它们的含义,结合具体语境选出正确答案。
2.注意搭配
介词是最活跃的词类之一,同一介词可以和不同词性的词搭配构成不同形式和含义的介词短语,如介词in构成的介词短语有以下几种形式:in+n.;in+n.+of;in+adj.等,考生在备考过程中要注意归纳总结常见介词构成的介词短语的含义。
3.注意语境
湖北高考对介词短语的考查的主要特点是形相似,意不同。四个结构相似的介词短语,其意义往往区别很大,这时我们一定要结合具体语境来进行选择。
热点例析
一、常考介词的用法
1.for与of表示不定式复合结构的逻辑主语
(1)It is+adj.+of sb.to do sth.=sb.+be +adj.+to do sth.
当形容词是表示人的属性的词汇时介词用of。常见的此类形容词有:kind,good,nice,clever,stupid,foolish,considerate,polite,impolite,cruel等。如:
It is kind of them to help support the poor students.
=They are kind to help support the poor students.
他们帮忙资助贫困生真是太好了。
(2)It is+adj.+for sb.to do sth.
当形容词是表示客观属性的词汇时介词用for。常见的此类形容词有:important,necessary,possible,impossible等。如:
It is quite important for us to protect our environment.
对我们来说,保护环境相当重要。
2.with的用法
(1)with的复合结构
with+名词/代词+
He lay awake on the bed,with his eyes wide open.
他醒着躺在床上,眼睛睁得大大的。
(2)表示原因或理由
She was shivering with cold.
她冷得发抖。
His face was red with anger.
他气得脸通红。
(3)表示两种事物之间的相应关系或齐头并进
With time passing,they have grown into big boys and girls.随着时间的流逝,他们都长成小伙子和大姑娘了。
Temperatures vary with the time of the year.
温度随着时令而变化。
3.to与情感名词连用,表示“某种行动后产生的感觉”,意为“令某人……的是”
to+one's+=to theof sb.
这种表达法表示结果,用作状语,放在句前、句中、句后皆可。为了强调,可在前面加much,great等。如:
To my great surprise,some of my former students have suddenly come to see me today.
让我大为吃惊的是,我以前的一些学生今天突然来看我。
二、常考的介词短语
1.与介词at相关的短语
at the beginning of 在……的开始
at the cost of 以……的代价
at the price of 以……的价格
at the end of 在……的最后
at the mercy of 在……支配下;任由……摆布
at/on the point of 在……时刻
at the risk of 冒……的险
at last 最后,终于
at the sight of 一看到……就……
at length 终于,最后,详细地
2.与介词in相搭配的短语
in cash 用现金付的
in need 在困难时,在贫困之中
in need of 需要
in want of 需要
in place of 代替,取代
in case(of) 以防,万一
in praise of 赞扬,赞美
in honor of 为纪念……
in memory of 为纪念……
in spite of 不管,不顾,尽管
in favor of 支持,赞同
in the name of 以……的名义,凭借
in the eyes of 在……看来
in terms of 就……而言
in celebration of 为庆祝……
in return 作为回报
in short 总之,简言之
in addition to 除了……之外in doubt 感到疑惑,难以确定
in effect 实际上,生效
in shape 处于良好状态,健康的
in order 井井有条的,有序的
in turn 依次,替换
in store 准备着,贮藏着
in public 公开地,当众
in vain 徒劳,白费
in the hope of 怀着……的期望
in charge of 管理
in the charge of 在……的管理下
in consequence of 由于……
in contrast with 与……相比
in trouble 在困难中
in comfort 舒适的
in the direction of 在……方向
in no case 绝不
in no time 立刻
in sight 看得见
in debt 负债
in difficulty 处在困难中
3.与介词by相关的短语
by accident 偶尔
by chance 偶然
by design 故意地
by heart 熟记
by turns 轮流
by no means 决不
by mistake 错误地
by the way 顺便说
by way of 经由
by means of 用……的方法/方式
4.与介词on相搭配的短语
on account of 因为
on behalf of 代表
on the occasion of 在……时
on condition that 在……的条件下
on show 在展出
on display 陈列
on sale 出售
on strike 在罢工
on fire 着火
on line 在线上
on duty/guard 在值班
on trial 在受审
on exhibition 在展览
on business 因公
on foot 步行
on purpose 故意地
on the phone/radio 在电话/收音机中
on the spot 当场,在现场
on a trip/journey/tour 在旅行
5.与out of相关的短语
out of curiosity 出于好奇
out of reach 够不着
out of date 过期了
out of order 发生故障
out of patience 失去耐心
out of work 失业
out of control 失控
out of question 毫无疑问
out of reach 够不着
out of the question 不可能
out of danger 脱险
out of fashion 不合时尚
out of luck 倒霉
out of touch 联系不上
out of breath 气喘吁吁
out of shape 变形
out of sight 看不见
out of balance 失衡
out of range 超出范围
out of trouble 摆脱困难
6.其他常考介词短语和短语介词
for the sake of 为了,为了……的利益
according to 根据
apart from 除……之外
because of 由于
instead of 代替,而不是
owing to 由于
due to 由于
regardless of 不理会,不顾
far from 远非,完全不是
next to 其次,紧接着
for one thing 一方面
as a matter of fact 事实上
as well as 也,还
except for 除……之外
as a result 结果
as a consequence 结果
on the contrary 相反
as for 至于
as to 关于
beyond recognition 无法辨认
beyond description 无法描述
beyond doubt 不用怀疑
beyond question 无可争辩
beyond reach 够不到
误区警示
1.“介词短语辨析”易错点
You'd sound a lot more polite if you make a request ______ a question.
A.in search of
B.in the form of
C.in need of
D.in the direction of
【错混透析】 B in search of“寻找”;in the form of“以……的形式”;in need of“需要”;in the direction of“朝……的方向”。句意:如果你以问题的形式提出要求的话,听起来会有礼貌得多。答案为B项。考生如果对这几个介词短语的词义不了解的话,就无从下手。
【解题指导】近几年湖北高考多项选择题对介词的考查一直都集中在考查介词短语辨析上。尤其热衷于考查同一介词+不同名词(+介词)所构成的介词短语的意义的考查。做这类题目时,考生首先要掌握介词所构成的介词短语、习惯用语或固定搭配的准确意义;然后结合具体语境、语法结构、搭配、意义和上下文进行全盘考虑,选出正确答案。
2.介词“书写模式化”易错点
He wasn't aware of the importance of review;______,he failed to pass the exam.
A.as the result
B.in a consequence
C.as a result
D.as the result of
【错混透析】 C 在这四个选项中有三个选项出现书写错误,这三个选项分别为A、B、D三项,正确形式分别是:as a result “结果”;in consequence“因此,所以”;as a result of“作为……的结果”,of后常接名词。故只有C项正确。句意:他没有意识到复习的重要性,结果没能通过考试。
【解题指导】 介词短语在书写时一定要注意它的冠词的搭配及名词的单复数,有些介词短语中名词要用复数,如:in ruins,in pieces;有些介词短语中的冠词只能用不定冠词,如as a result,in a word;有些介词短语不能加冠词,如:at first sight,in public等;有些介词短语有冠词和没有冠词时意义有区别,如in charge“负责,掌管”,表主动,而in the charge of“由……掌管”,表被动。所以考生平时记忆和书写时一定要细致。
1.(2012湖北七市联考)Currently,some overseas universities are simply selling diplomas to Chinese students ______ their academic performance,so China should check in a regular basis.
A.on account of
B.in addition to
C.regardless of
D.in relation to
2.(2012武汉统招适应)After the break,the lecturer went on to talk ______ about the new academic concept.
A.at length
B.in all
C.in turn
D.at most
3.(2012武汉四月调研)In order not to get disturbed,I spent three hours locked in my study,______ the next day's interview.
A.in anxiety for
B.in preparation for
C.in exchange for
D.in answer for
4.(2012湖北八校二次联考)Although police could be seen everywhere,they seemed to be searching the houses almost ______.
A.at ease
B.at random
C.at risk
D.at length
5.(2012湖北襄阳三月调研)It is worth noting that women's earnings are well below men's ______ educational differences that are narrowing between the two sexes.
A.in terms of
B.in favor of
C.in case of
D.in spite of
6.(2012湖北襄阳十二月调研)China won't act as Santa Claus again in the world's financial crisis,and there's no other candidate ______ to play the role.
A.in sight
B.in store
C.in place
D.in peace
7.(2012湖北八校一次联考)Jane's always nervous when she has to make a speech;she must accustom herself to be ______ when she is with people.
A.at ease
B.in disguise
C.at risk
D.in relief
8.(2012武汉武昌一月调研)Funding arrangements are already ______,with which the scientists can go on with the further research.
A.in order
B.in demand
C.in place
D.in relief
9.(2012武汉二月调研)Nowadays more and more people are advised to arrange for insurance ______ that they or their family members need medical care.
A.in order
B.in need
C.in case
D.in hope
10.(2012湖北八市三月联考)—I think he is taking an active part in social work.
—I agree with you ______.
A.in the way
B.on the way
C.by the way
D.in a way
11.(2012武汉五月供题二)After the earthquake I went there,I saw the whole town ______,and now everything has been changed.
A.in ruins
B.in poverty
C.in disorder
D.in rags
12. (2012武汉五月供题三)Once the puzzle is finished,there's a special treat ______:Mickey and his friends will move around,speaking and singing wellknown songs your children will love.
A.in hand
B.in need
C.in charge
D.in store
13.(2012武汉五月模拟)The determined boy made it to the finishing line first ______ the fact that he got his knee injured.
A.in memory of
B.in charge of
C.in danger of
D.in spite of
14.(2012武汉武昌五月调研)Most of the educators are ______ providing more freedom to the teenagers,believing that it may make them more creative and independent.
A.in favor of
B.in search of
C.in charge of
D.in need of
15.(2012华中师大一附中五月模拟)______ the boss is in favor of the scheme, but he thinks improvements need to be made in many aspects.
A.On the whole
B.In a way
C.As a result
D.For the moment
四、介词和介词短语
命题调研·明晰考向
真题试做
1.D 句意:这些家具有着现代的式样和明亮的颜色,适合现代的房子和庭院,但在一个传统的家庭庭院里看起来就不合适了。out of question“毫无疑问”;out of order“有毛病,出故障”;out of sight“看不见的”;out of place“不合适,不协调”。
2.C in terms of“就……而言,从……而论”;in need of “需要”;in favor of“支持,拥护,赞成”;in praise of“称赞,表扬”。句意:许多老师在被问及对校长的评价时,都表示更愿意看到他能支持并让位于那些年纪较小者。故用in favor of。
3.D 句意:行政官员对别人施以恩惠作为交换条件,向对方索取钱财的行为是非法的。in preference to“优先于”;in place of“替代,替换”;in agreement with“同意,与……一致”;in exchange for“交换”。
4.D in place“在合适的地方”;in sight“在视野内”;in effect“生效”;in vain“徒劳”。根据后面句意“……没有人愿意从口袋里掏一分钱”可知是“化为泡影”。句意:他想为他的计划筹措资金的努力化为了泡影,因为没有一个人愿意从自己的口袋里拿出一分钱。
创新模拟·预测演练
1.C 句意:当前,一些海外大学只是将文凭卖给中国的学生而不考虑他们的学术表现,所以中国应定期对其登记检查。on account of “因为,由于” ;in addition to“除了……之外,另外”;regardless of “不管,不顾,不理会” ;in relation to“与……有关系”。
2.A 句意:休息一会儿后,演讲者继续详细地谈论了新的学术概念。at length“详细地,详尽地”;in all“总计,总共”;in turn“反过来”;at most“至多”。
3.B 句意:为了不受打扰,我把自己锁在书房三个小时为明天的面试做准备。in preparation for “为……做准备”;in exchange for“作为交换”。
4.B 句意:尽管到处都是警察,但他们看起来似乎是漫无目的地搜索着房子。at random“随意地,任意地,漫无目的地”;at ease “放松地”;at risk“处于危险中”;at length“详尽的”。
5.D 句意:值的关注的是尽管两性之间受教育的差距在慢慢变小,但女性所挣得要远少于男性。in terms of“就……而言”;in favor of“支持,赞成”;in case of“以防,万一”;in spite of“尽管,纵使”。
6.A 句意:中国将不会再在世界经济危机中充当圣诞老人的角色,并且看来也没有其他国家愿意担当此任。in sight“看得见,在望”。in store“准备着”;in place“在适当的位置”;in peace“安静,平静”。
7.A 句意:当简不得不当众演说时她总是会很紧张,所以她必须让自己习惯于面对众人时尽量放松。at ease“不拘束,自由自在,放松”;in disguise“乔装,假扮”;at risk“处于危险中”;in relief“如释重负的”。
8.C 句意:资金已经安排到位,有了钱科学家们就可以继续进行进一步的研究了。in order“井然有序的”;in demand“有需要的,受欢迎的”;in place“在适当的位置”;in relief“如释重负”。
9.C 句意:目前越来越多的人被建议购买保险以防他们或他们的家庭成员需要医疗照顾。in order“井然有序的”;in need“在困难中”;in case“以防,万一”。
10.D 句意:——我认为他正积极地参加社会活动。——在某种程度上我同意你。in a way“在某种程度上”;in the way“妨碍的,挡道的”;on the way“在路上,在途中”;by the way“顺便说一下”。
11.A 句意:地震后我去那儿看到整个城镇成为一片废墟,现在一切都变了。in ruins“成为废墟”;in rags“衣衫褴褛”。
12.D 句意:字谜游戏一结束,还有一场特别的消遣等着大家——米奇和他的朋友们将会一边走动一边说唱你们的孩子会喜欢的一些有名的歌曲。in hand“在手头上,在控制中”;in need“在困难中”;in charge“主管,负责”;in store“预备着,即将来临”。
13.D 句意:尽管他的膝盖受伤了,但这个意志坚定的男孩仍然设法第一个到达终点线。in memory of“为纪念”;in charge of“负责,主管”;in danger of“处于危险中”;in spite of“尽管,纵使”。
14.A 句意:大多数教育学家都赞同给青少年提供更多的自由,他们相信这可以使青少年们更具创造力且变得更独立。in favor of“支持,赞成”;in search of“寻找,搜寻”;in charge of“负责,主管”;in need of“需要”。
15.A 句意:老板基本上同意了这个方案,但他认为还有许多方面需要改进。on the whole“基本上,大体上”;in a way“在某种程度上”;as a result “结果”;for the moment“目前,暂时”。
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