2016年高考第二轮复习英语（湖北版）题型技法指导专题三阅读理解

　　2016年高考第二轮复习英语湖北版 题型技法指导

　　专题三　阅读理解

　　真题试做

　　A

　　(2012湖北高考，A)

　　You've just come home，after living abroad for a few years.Since you've been away，has this country changed for the better—or for the worse?

　　If you've just arrived back in the UK after a fortnight's holiday，small changes have probably surprised you—anything from a local greengrocer suddenly being replaced by a mobile­phone shop to someone in your street moving house.

　　So how have things changed to people coming back to Britain after seven，ten or even 15 years

　　living abroad？What changes in society can they see that the rest of us have hardly noticed—or now take for granted？To find out，we asked some people who recently returned.

　　Debi：When we left，Cheltenham，my home town，was a town of white，middle­class families—all very conservative(保守的)．The town is now home to many eastern Europeans and lots of Australians，who come here mainly to work in hotels and tourism.There are even several shops only for foreigners.

　　Having been an immigrant(移民) myself，I admire people who go overseas to find a job.Maybe if I lived in an inner city where unemployment was high，I'd think differently，but I believe foreign settlers have improved this country because they're more open­minded and often work harder than the natives.

　　Christine：As we flew home over Britain，both of us remarked how green everything looked.But the differences between the place we'd left behind and the one we returned to were brought sharply into focus as soon as we landed.

　　To see policemen with guns in the airport for the first time was frightening—in Cyprus，they're very relaxed—and I got pulled over by customs officers just for taking a woolen sweater with some metal­made buttons out of my case in the arrivals hall.Everyone seemed to be on guard.Even the airport car­hire firm wanted a credit card rather than cash because they said their vehicles had been used by bank robbers.

　　But anyway，this is still a green，beautiful country.I just wish more people would appreciate what they've got.

　　51．After a short overseas holiday，people tend to______.

　　A．notice small changes

　　B．expect small changes

　　C．welcome small changes

　　D．exaggerate small changes

　　52．How does Debi look at the foreign settlers?

　　A．Cautiously.

　　B．Positively.

　　C．Sceptically.

　　D．Critically.

　　53．When arriving at the airport in Britain，Christine was shocked by______.

　　A．the relaxed policemen

　　B．The messy

　　arrivals hall

　　C．the tight security

　　D．the bank robbers

　　54．Which might be the best title for the passage?

　　A．Life in Britain.

　　B．Back in Britain.

　　C．Britain in Future.

　　D．Britain in Memory.

　　B

　　(2012湖北高考，B)

　　When my brother and I were young，my mom would take us on Transportation Days.

　　It goes like this: You can't take any means of transportation more than once.We would start from home，walking two blocks to the rail station.We'd take the train into the city center，then a bus，switching to the tram，then maybe a taxi.We always considered taking a horse carriage in the historic district，but we didn't like the way the horses were treated，so we never did.At the end of the day，we took the subway to our closest station，where Mom's friend was waiting to give us a ride home—our first car ride of the day.

　　The good thing about Transportation Days is not only that Mom taught us how to get around.She was born to be multimodal(多方式的)．She understood that depending on cars only was a failure of imagination and，above all，a failure of confidence—the product of a childhood not spent exploring subway tunnels.

　　Once you learn the route map and step with certainty over the gap between the train and the platform，nothing is frightening anymore.New cities are just light­rail lines to be explored.And your personal car，if you have one，becomes just one more tool in the toolbox—and often an inadequate one，limiting both your mobility and your wallet.

　　On Transportation Days，we might stop for lunch on Chestnut

　　Street or buy a new book or toy，but the transportation was the point.First，it was exciting enough to watch the world speed by from the train window.As I got older，my mom helped me unlock the mysteries that would otherwise have paralyzed my first attempts to do it myself：How do I know where to get off？How do I know how much it costs？How do I know when I need tickets，and where to get them？What track，what line，which direction，where's the stop，and will I get wet when we go under the river?

　　I'm writing this right now on an airplane，a means we didn't try on our Transportation Days and，we now know，the dirtiest and most polluting of them all.My flight routed me through Philadelphia.My multimodal mom met me for dinner in the airport.She took a train to meet me.

　　55．Which was forbidden by Mom on Transportation Days?

　　A．Having a car ride.

　　B．Taking the train twice.

　　C．Buying more than one toy.

　　D．Touring the historic district.

　　56．According to the writer，what was the greatest benefit of her Transportation Days?

　　A．Building confidence in herself.

　　B．Reducing her use of private cars.

　　C．Developing her sense of direction.

　　D．Giving her knowledge about vehicles.

　　57．The underlined word “paralyzed”(in Para.5) is closest in meaning to“______”．

　　A．displayed　

　　B．justified

　　C．ignored　D．ruined

　　58．Which means of transportation does the writer probably disapprove of?

　　A．Airplane.

　　B．Subway.

　　C．Tram.

　　D．Car.

　　C

　　(2012湖北高考，C)

　　It was a simple letter asking for a place to study at Scotland's oldest university which helped start a revolution in higher education.A 140­year­old letter written by a lady calling for her to be allowed to study medicine at St Andrews University has been discovered by researchers.Written by Sophia Jex­Blake in 1873，the seven­page document，which urged the university to allow women to study medicine at the institution，was released yesterday on International Women's Day.

　　The document was discovered buried in the university archives(档案)by part­time history student Lis Smith，who is completing her PhD at St Andrews Institute of Scottish Historical Research.She said: “We knew that Sophia Jex­Blake and her supporters，in their effort to open up university medical education for women，had written to the Senatus Academicus(校评议委员会) at St Andrews in an attempt to gain permission to attend classes there，but we didn't know documentary evidence existed.While searching the archives for information about the university's higher certificate for women，I was astonished to come across what must be the very letter Jex­Blake wrote.”

　　In the letter，Sophia and her supporters offered to hire teachers or build suitable buildings for a medical school and to arrange for lectures to be delivered in the subjects not already covered at St Andrews.Although her letter was not successful，it eventually led to the establishment of the Ladies Literate in Arts at St Andrews，a distance­learning degree for women.The qualification，which ran from 1877 until the 1930s，gave women access to university education in the days before they were admitted as students.It was so popular that it survived long after women were admitted as full students to St Andrews in 1892.

　　Ms Jex­Blake went on to help establish the London School of Medicine for Women in 1874.She was accepted by the University of Berne，where she was awarded a medical degree in January 1877.Eventually，she moved back to Edinburgh and opened her own practice.

　　59．Sophia wrote a letter to St Andrews University because she wanted______.

　　A．to carry out a research project there

　　B．to set up a medical institute there

　　C．to study medicine there

　　D．to deliver lectures there

　　60．Lis Smith found Sophia's letter to St Andrews University______.

　　A．by pure chance

　　B．in the school office

　　C．with her supporters' help

　　D．while reading history books

　　61．Sophia's letter resulted in the establishment of______.

　　A．the London School of Medicine for Women

　　B．a degree programme for women

　　C．a system of medical education

　　D．the University of Berne

　　62．When did St Andrews University begin to take full­time women students?

　　A．In 1873.

　　B．In 1874.

　　C．In 1877.

　　D．In 1892.

　　D

　　(2012湖北高考，D)

　　How is it that siblings(兄弟姐妹) can turn out so differently？One answer is that in fact each sibling grows up in a different family.The firstborn is，for a while，an only child，and therefore has a completely different experience of the parents than those born later.The next child is，for a while，the youngest，until the situation is changed by a new arrival.The mother and father themselves are changing and growing up too.One sibling might live in a stable and close family in the first few years；another might be raised in a family crisis，with a disappointed mother or an angry father.

　　Sibling competition was identified as an important shaping force as early as in 1918.But more recently，researchers have found many ways in which brothers and sisters are a lasting force in each others' lives.Dr.Annette Henderson says firstborn children pick up vocabulary more quickly than their siblings.The reason for this might be that the later children aren't getting the same one­on­one time with parents.But that doesn't mean that the younger children have problems with language development.Later­borns don't enjoy that much talking time with parents，but instead they harvest lessons from bigger brothers and sisters，learning entire phrases and getting an understanding of social concepts such as the difference between “I” and “me”．

　　A Cambridge University study of 140 children found that siblings created a rich world of play that helped them grow socially.Love­hate relationships were common among the children.Even those siblings who fought the most had just as much positive communication as the other sibling pairs.

　　One way children seek more attention from parents is by making themselves different from their siblings，particularly if they are close in age.Researchers have found that the first two children in a family are typically more different from each other than the second and third.Girls with brothers show their differences to a maximum degree by being more feminine than girls with sisters.A 2003 research paper studied adolescents from 185 families over two years，finding that those who changed to make themselves different from their siblings were successful in increasing the amount of warmth they gained from their parents.

　　63．The underlined part “in a different family” (in Para.1) means“______”．

　　A．in a different family environment

　　B．in a different family tradition

　　C．in different family crises

　　D．in different families

　　64．In terms of language development，later­borns ______.

　　A．get their parents' individual guidance

　　B．learn a lot from their elder siblings

　　C．experience a lot of difficulties

　　D．pick up words more quickly

　　65．What was found about fights among siblings?

　　A．Siblings hated fighting and loved playing.

　　B．Siblings in some families fought frequently.

　　C．Sibling fights led to bad sibling relationships.

　　D．Siblings learned to get on together from fights.

　　66．The word “feminine” (in Para.4) means“______”．

　　A．having qualities of parents

　　B．having qualities of women

　　C．having defensive qualities

　　D．having extraordinary qualities

　　E

　　(2012湖北高考，E)

　　Brrriiinnng.The alarm clock announces the start of another busy weekday in the morning.You jump out of bed，rush into the shower，into your clothes and out the door with hardly a moment to think.A stressful journey to work gets your blood pressure climbing.Once at the office，you glance through the newspaper with depressing stories or reports of disasters.In that sort of mood，who can get down to work，particularly some creative，original problem­solving work?

　　The way most of us spend our mornings is exactly opposite to the conditions that promote flexible，open­minded thinking.Imaginative ideas are most likely to come to us when we're unfocused.If you are one of those energetic morning people，your most inventive time comes in the early evening when you are relaxed.Sleepy people's lack of focus leads to an increase in creative problem solving.By not giving yourself time to tune into your wandering mind，you're missing out on the surprising solutions it may offer.

　　The trip you take to work doesn't help，either.The stress slows down the speed with which signals travel between neurons(神经细胞)，making inspirations less likely to occur.And while we all should read a lot about what's going on in the world，it would not make you feel good for sure，so put that news website or newspaper aside until after the day's work is done.

　　So what would our mornings look like if we wanted to start them with a full capacity for creative problem solving？We'd set the alarm a few minutes early and lie awake in bed，following our thoughts where they lead.We'd stand a little longer under the warm water of the shower，stopping thinking about tasks in favor of a few more minutes of relaxation.We'd take some deep breaths on our way to work，instead of complaining about heavy traffic.And once in the office—after we get a cup of coffee—we'd click on links not to the news of the day but to the funniest videos the web has to offer.

　　67．According to the author，we are more creative when we are______.

　　A．focused

　　B．relaxed

　　C．awake

　　D．busy

　　68．What does the author imply about newspapers?

　　A．They are solution providers.

　　B．They are a source of inspiration.

　　C．They are normally full of bad news.

　　D．They are more educational than websites.

　　69．By “tune into your wandering mind” (in Para.2)，the author means“______”．

　　A．wander into the wild

　　B．listen to a beautiful tune

　　C．switch to the traffic channel

　　D．stop concentrating on anything

　　70．The author writes the last paragraph in order to ______.

　　A．offer practical suggestions

　　B．summarize past experiences

　　C．advocate diverse ways of life

　　D．establish a routine for the future

　　考向分析

　　分析近几年湖北高考试题，可以发现阅读理解题呈现如下特点：

　　1．选材新颖，趋于多样化、现代化和生活化，语言地道

　　试题题材新颖，体裁多样；题目设置合理；话题均与日常生活息息相关。所选材料具有时代气息，能展现现代文明，体现了对英语教学突出文化意识和情感态度的要求。这就要求考生在备考阅读理解时，一定要多做些内容新颖、语言地道、有难度、有深度的题目，以减少复习的盲目性。

　　2．语篇结构较为复杂，长难句较多

　　阅读材料基本保留了其原有的语言风格。文章的展开不全是平铺直叙，而是间有倒叙、插叙等多种方式。一词多义、多种时态混用，简单句、复杂长句、省略句等语言现象随处可见。它们不仅会导致理解困难也会在一定程度上增加考生的心理压力。因此在做题时考生要注意区别对待以下这些拦路虎：与题目无关，不影响理解文章大意的，就不必浪费时间和精力；相反那些和题目相关的长难句，我们就要首先分析其类型(是带有较多成分的简单句，还是含有多个简单句的并列句，还是含有多个从句的复合句，还是含有多个插入成分的句子)，然后理清句子成分，去除干扰成分，抓住句子主干，这样一般都能准确把握句子意思。

　　3．对语篇领悟能力的考查仍是高考的重点和基本点

　　高考阅读理解一般包括四种题型：细节理解题、主旨大意题、推理判断题和词义猜测题。与前几年相比，2012年阅读理解中细节理解题的比例有所下降。而推理判断题相对增多。这充分反映出高考阅读理解的考查越来越倾向于对文章的整体理解和概括。因此考生在平时的备考中要努力提高自己的阅读水平和能力，准确把握文章的主题和脉络。同时调整好心态，坚持限时阅读训练，提高阅读速度和效率。

　　解题步骤

　　1．快速浏览，掌握大意

　　快速浏览，抓住文章中心大意以及文章的结构。浏览时不要急于做题，而要注意抓住主要信息，迅速把握文章大意和中心思想，了解文章全貌。同时通览题目，研究题目要求及选项，弄清问题所指，有的问题是针对文章中的一句话设计的，有的是针对一段话所陈述的事实设计的，有的是针对整篇文章设计的。对所提问题做到心中有数，为下一步阅读做好针对性的准备。

　　2．细读全文，找准信息

　　抓住文章大意、明确解题的目标后，带着问题仔细阅读文章。敏锐捕捉隐含在文中的有关信息词和信息句，推敲其中的关键词语，结合上下文把握语句的含义，排除文中不存在、片面或不合逻辑的选项，作出正确选择。做题时要本着先易后难的原则，对于比较明显的，有把握的题可立刻作出选择；对于难题，要在文章中仔细查阅，认真琢磨，找出确凿的依据，运用逻辑推理，准确选出符合要求的最佳答案。

　　3．复读检查，验证答案

　　答案选出之后，快速阅读原文，重点放在与题目有关的词语、句子和段落上，核查答案，力求答案准确无误。尤其是感觉把握不大、选择时有些困难的题目，要对照原文与选项，看看是否一致、是否合乎情理、合乎逻辑。

　　解题技巧

　　历年的高考阅读理解试题，基本上可分为四类题目：细节理解题、主旨大意题、推理判断题、词义猜测题。

　　一、细节理解题

　　(一)命题方式

　　细节理解题主要考查考生对文章(或某一段落)中某些特定细节或文章的重要事实的理解能力。一般包括直接理解题(答案在原文中可以直接找到)及词义转换题(即需要将题目信息与原文相关信息进行语义上的转换，两者存在表达上的差异，有时需要进行加工或整理后方能得出结论)。其常见的命题方式有：

　　Which of the following is NOT included/mentioned in the passage?

　　Which of the following(sentences/statements)is NOT true according to the passage?

　　According to the passage，all of the following are true except/but ______.

　　The author mentions all of the following except ______.

　　In the passage，the author states that ______.

　　According to the passage，when(where，why，how，who，etc.)．..

　　Choose the right order of the events given in the passage.

　　Which of the following maps/diagrams gives the right position of...?

　　Which of the drawings below gives an idea of...?

　　(二)解题思路及方法技巧

　　1．解答此类试题时，不必通篇细看原文，而应采取“带着问题找答案”的方法，先从问题中抓住关键性词语，然后以此为线索，运用略读及查读的技巧快速在文章中寻找与此问题相关的段落、语句，仔细品味，对照比较，确定答案。除了运用扫读法外，还可以兼用排除法，将“无此细节”和“与此细节相反”的选项排除。要快速地辨认和记忆事实或细节，就需要恰当地使用查读的方法及技巧。查读是在读者对材料有所熟悉的情况下进行的，它的特点是带着问题去寻求答案，它往往与略读综合使用。

　　2．按文章的体裁，如记叙文、说明文和议论文等，以及作者的谋篇布局方式和有关的信息词，如for example，first，second等预测应该到何处寻求自己所需要的事实。把精力放在寻找所需的细节上进行查读，快速通篇跳读，眼睛自左至右，自上而下呈Z型扫读，直到找到含细节的句子时，就要放慢速度，仔细核对，比较内容，直至找到答案。

　　3．根据不同类型灵活采取不同的方法：

　　(1)排序题：可采用“首尾定位法”。即先找出首先发生的事和最后发生的事迅速缩小选择范围，从而快速选出正确答案。

　　(2)选图题：从文中找出描绘图形的句段。按“文”索“图”。

　　(3)计算题：要弄清数据间的逻辑关系，选准正确的数据进行计算，同时弄清单位之间的换算关系。

　　(4)对于广告、演出信息、航班时间表等的文章不必阅读全文，宜采用“题干定位法”。

　　4．了解细节题干扰选项的特点有助于提高答题的正确率。一般情况下，干扰项有以下五个特点：①是原文信息，但不是题目要求的内容；符合常识，但不是文章内容；与原句的内容极为相似，只是在程度上有些变动；在意思上与原文大相径庭甚至完全相反；部分正确，部分错误。值得一提的是，有时原文中的信息可能只是一个短语甚至一个单词，因此需要我们阅读中格外仔细才能捕捉到真正有用的信息。

　　如：(2012浙江高考，B)

　　Below is a selection about some Guinness(吉尼斯) World Records.

　　Top 6 Unusual Guinness World Records

　　Fastest 100 m running on all fours

　　The 2008 Guinness World Records Day was，according to GWR，their biggest day of record­breaking ever，with more than 290,000 people taking part in record attempts in 15 different countries.Kenichi Ito's record attempt was part of this special day.He is just another example of Japanese with “super powers”．His “super power” is to run with great speed on all fours.Kenichi Ito ran

　　100 m on all fours in 18.58 seconds.The Japanese set this record at Setagaya Kuritsu Sogo Undojyo，Tokyo，in 2008.

　　Most people inside a soap bubble

　　The Discovery Science Center in Santa Ana，California celebrated this year the 15th anniversary of the Bubble(泡泡)Festival.A bubble's math principles and science were presented and demonstrated at the three­week­long exhibition.The intriguing Bubble Show was also part of the program.Fan Yang and Deni Yang impressed the audience with their awesome skills for bubble making.The Yang family cooperated with the Discovery Science Center to set a new Guinness World Record for most people inside a soap bubble and they succeeded.

　　The family that has been working with soap bubbles for 27 years created a huge soap bubble and got 118 people inside it.The record was set on April 4,2011.

　　◆Longest ears on a dog

　　A bloodhound from Illinois has the longest ears ever measured on a dog.The right ear is 13.75 inches long and the left one 13.5 inches.The dog named Tigger earned this title in 2004 and is owned by Christina and Bryan Flessner.

　　Mr.Jeffries is the previous record holder of this title.Each of his ears measured approximately 11.5 inches long.His grandfather used to hold this amazing world record，but when he died Mr.Jeffries took over.

　　◆Most living generations

　　Did you ever wonder what is the Guinness World Record for most living generations in one family？Seven is the answer.

　　The ultimate authority on record­breaking mentions on the website that the youngest great­great­great­great grandparent of this family was Augusta Bung “aged 109 years 97 days，followed by her daughter aged 89，her granddaughter aged 70，her great grand­daughter aged 52，her great­great grand­daughter aged 33 and her great­great­great granddaughter aged 15 on the birth of her great­great­great­great grandson on January 21,1989”．

　　Most T­shirts worn at once

　　Believe it or not，there is a record also for this category.Krunoslav Budiseli set a new world record on May 22,2010 for wearing 245 T­shirts at the same time.The man from Croatia was officially recognized as the new record holder by Guinness World Records after he managed to put on 245 different T­shirts in less than two hours.The T­shirts weighed 68 kg and Budiseli said he began struggling around T­shirt No.120.He dethroned the Swedish Guinness record holder who wore 238 T­shirts.

　　◆Heaviest pumpkin

　　Guinness World Records confirmed on October 9,2010 that a gigantic pumpkin(南瓜) grown in Wisconsin was officially the world's heaviest.It weighed 1,810 pounds 8 ounces and was unveiled by Chris Stevens at the Stillwater Harvest Festival in Minnesota.Stevens' pumpkin was 85 pounds heavier

　　than the previous record，another huge pumpkin grown in Ohio.The proud farmer said his secret is a precise mixture of rain，cow manure，good soil，sea grass and fish emulsion.Some of the world's heaviest pumpkins，including the record holder，were on public display at the Brown Botanical Gardens in New York for a dozen days.

　　46．Why is Kenichi Ito described as a man with a “super power”？

　　A．He set a good example to all Japanese.

　　B．He made record attempts in 15 different countries.

　　C．He set a new record for “Fastest 100 m running on all fours”．

　　D．He participated in the 2008 Guinness World Records Day activities.

　　解析：细节理解题。根据第一项吉尼斯世界纪录“Fastest 100 m running on all fours”中的最后两句可知，这位日本人在四肢着地的情况下100米跑得最快，因此获得赞誉。

　　答案：C

　　47．Jeffries is the name of ______.

　　A．the owner of the dog with the longest ears

　　B．the grandfather of the dog with the longest ears

　　C．the present holder of the record for “Longest ears on a dog”

　　D．the former holder of the record for “Longest ears on a dog”

　　解析：细节理解题。根据第三项吉尼斯世界纪录“Longest ears on a dog”部分的第二段第一句可知，杰弗里斯是前纪录保持者的名字。

　　答案：D

　　48．How many T­shirts had Krunoslav Budiseli put on before he felt it difficult to go on?

　　A．68.　

　　B．120.

　　C．238.　D．245.

　　解析：细节理解题。根据第五项吉尼斯世界纪录“Most T­shirts worn at once”中的倒数第二句可知，当穿到第120件T恤衫时，他开始感觉到了吃力。

　　答案：B

　　49．According to the given information，which Guinness World Record was most recently set?

　　A．The record for “Most people inside a soap bubble”．

　　B．The record for “Most living generations”．

　　C．The record for “Most T­shirts worn at once”．

　　D．The record for “Heaviest pumpkin”．

　　解析：细节理解题。根据第二项吉尼斯世界纪录“Most people inside a soap bubble”部分的第二段最后一句可知，该项纪录的时间是2011年4月4日，与其他记录的时间相比，这是最近的。

　　答案：A

　　二、主旨大意题

　　(一)命题方式

　　主旨大意题旨在考查考生把握全文主题和理解中心思想的能力，亦即考查考生的归纳概括能力。这类试题包括三大类：一类是概括中心思想(main idea)型；一类是确定文章标题或主题(topic/title/headline)型；还有一类是问文章的写作目的(purpose)型。其常见的命题方式主要有：

　　1．中心思想型

　　The passage is mainly about ______.

　　The passage mainly discusses ______.

　　The main idea of the passage is that ______.

　　The subject of the passage/paragraph is ______.

　　The passage mainly centers on ______.

　　What is the subject discussed in the text/passage?

　　What is the passage mainly about?

　　Which of the following statements can best summarize/sum up/express the main idea of the passage?

　　2．标题型

　　What would be the best title for the passage?

　　The best title/headline for the passage might be ______.

　　Which of the following titles can best summarize the main idea of the passage?

　　What is the best title for the passage?

　　Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?

　　3．目的型

　　The passage means that ______.

　　The purpose of the article is to ______.

　　The author's purpose is to show ______.

　　The writer wrote the story in order to ______.

　　The writer of the article wants to tell us that ______.

　　What's the purpose of the passage?

　　(二)解题思路及方法技巧

　　做主旨大意题要求考生必须具备一定的归纳和概括能力，才能选对答案，做题时须注意以下技巧：

　　1．如何概括文章段落大意

　　(1)抓主题句，归纳大意

　　说明文和议论文等文章的主题句通常在开头，抓住了主题句就抓住了文章的核心。有时主题句也会出现在文章的中间或结尾，或是主题句在开头结尾同时出现，首尾呼应。因此仔细阅读这类文章或段落的首尾句是关键。做主旨大意类试题多采用浏览法。浏览时，一般不需逐句浏览，只需选读文章的首段、尾段或每段的首句和尾句。重点搜索主题线索和主题信息。根据其篇章特点我们可以通过寻找短文的主题句来归纳出文章的主题。

　　有些文章的主题句或者“文眼”出现在文章的最后，此类文章往往以列举事实开头，通过论证，最后阐述核心观点，或者引用某个人的话印证自己的观点，以此归纳文章的主旨大意，所以有时要找出这样的信息，从中提炼标题或归纳大意。

　　(2)归纳分析抓大意

　　归纳整篇文章的中心思想是建立在寻找具体段落中心的基础上的。各段落中心的整体归纳便是文章的中心思想。在这个过程中，考生们不能只依据只言片语，或只看文章的某一些段落，而应该观察全文的结构安排，理解文章的重点，考虑文章中材料及支撑性细节是服务于什么的，分析故事的发展结局都是围绕什么中心来安排的。最后用简明扼要的文字将文章的中心思想表达出来。既不能以偏概全，也不能在概括时过于宽泛，要恰如其分。

　　(3)抓主线和关键词，归纳主题

　　要注意不是所有的段落都有主题句，有时主题句暗含在句中。阅读这样的文章，就需要自己根据文章的细节来分析，概括出段落的主题，从而推导出文章的主旨。分析的方法是：先弄清该段落主要讲了哪几方面的内容，这些内容在逻辑上有什么联系，然后加以归纳概括出主题。

　　2．怎样选择文章的标题

　　标题须具备高度的概括性、强烈的针对性和一定的醒目性。首先，标题是主旨大意的浓缩，它必须是全文含义的概括和总结；其次标题也不能太过于笼统而失去对全文的指向性。标题须紧扣文章的具体背景信息而具有强烈的针对性。标题是文章展现在读者面前的第一个信息，为吸引读者目光、锁定读者阅读兴趣，具有一定美感的标题必须醒目。这种美感可以是句式对称和谐、丰满挺拔，也可以是句意新颖时尚、言简意赅，还可以具有双关意义。

　　(1)要在阅读原文的基础上，仔细考虑这句话或短语与文章主题是否有密切的联系；再看它对文章的概括性或覆盖面如何；然后要注意题目是否过大或过小，要避免下列三种错误：概括不够(多表现为部分代整体，从而导致范围太小)；过度概括(多表现为人为扩大范围)；以事实、细节替代抽象的大意。一般来说，标题的拟定方式是：以话题为核心，与控制性的概念词按一定的语法浓缩为概括文意或中心思想的词组。

　　(2)有些文章，比如记叙文，主题思想不是通过一两句话就可以表达的。这时就需要阅读全文，抓住关键字眼或主要论题来归纳文章主题。

　　(3)说明文一般有主题句，所以寻找主题句显得尤其重要，一般主题句在句首，有时候在句末。有时说明文、议论文的主题句要通过每段的主题句归纳得出。另外，对于资讯报道类文章要认真研读其导语。因为导语部分通常为全文中心所在。

　　如：(2012四川高考，A)

　　On a hill 600 feet above the surrounding land，we watch the lines of rain move across the scene，the moon rise over the hills，and the stars appear in the sky.The views invite a long look from a comfortable chair in front of the wooden house.

　　Every window in our wooden house has a view，and the forest and lakes seldom look the same as the hour before.Each look reminds us where we are.

　　There is space for our three boys to play outside，to shoot arrows，collect tree seeds，build earth houses and climb trees.

　　Our kids have learned the names of the trees，and with the names have come familiarity and appreciation.As they tell all who show even a passing interest，maple(枫树)makes the best fighting sticks and white pines are the best climbing trees.

　　The air is clean and fresh.The water from the well has a pleasant taste，and it is perhaps the healthiest water our kids will ever drink.Though they have one glass a day of juice and the rest is water，they never say anything against that.

　　The seasons change just outside the door.We watch the maples turn every shade of yellow and red in the fall and note the poplars'(杨树)putting out the first green leaves of spring.The rainbow smelt fills the local stream as the ice gradually disappears，and the wood frogs start to sing in pools after being frozen for the winter.A family of birds rules our skies and flies over the lake.

　　44．What is the main purpose of the author writing the text?

　　A．To describe the beauty of the scene around the house.

　　B．To introduce her children's happy life in the forest.

　　C．To show that living in the forest is healthful.

　　D．To share the joy of living in the nature.

　　解析：主旨大意题。本文通过动静结合的方式来描述景色的美丽。四季不同的景色变化，雨中、雨后的景色，作者的感受及小孩子在这里玩耍的欢乐，都在和我们分享生活在大自然中的乐趣。故D项正确。

　　答案：D

　　三、推理判断题

　　(一)命题方式

　　推理判断题要求考生在理解原文表面文字信息的基础上，作出一定的推