2016高考英语二轮（阅读理解）能力提升演练（01）及答案

　　2016高考英语二轮（阅读理解）能力提升演练（01）及答案

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　　Do you find getting up in the morning so difficult that it's painful? This might be called laziness, but Dr. Kleitman has a new explanation. He has proved that everyone has a daily energy cycle.

　　During the hours when you labour through your work you may say that you' re "hot". That' s true. The time of the day when you feel most energetic is when your cycle of body temperature is at its peak. For some people the peak comes during the forenoon. For others it comes in the afternoon or evening. No one has discovered why this is so, but it brads to such familar monologues as "Get up, John! You'll be late for work a gain! "The possible explanation to the trouble is that John is at his temperature-and-energy peak in the evening. Much family quarrelling ends when husbands and wives realise what these energy cycles mean, and which cycle each member of the family has.

　　You can't change your energy cycle, but you can learn to make your life fit it better. Habit can help. Dr. Kleitman believes. Maybe you' re sleepy in the evening but feel you must stay up late anyway. Counteract your cycle to some extent by habitually staying up later than you want to. If your energy is low in the morning but you have an important job to do early in the day, rise before your usual hour. This won't change your eyery, but you'll get up steam and work better at your low point.

　　Get off to a slow start which saves your energy. Get up with a leisurely yawn and stretch. Sit on the edge of the bed a minute before putting your feet on the floor. Aviod the trouble- some search for clean clothes by laying them out the night before. Whenever possible, do routine work in the afternoon and save tasks requiring more energy or concentration for your shaper hours.

　　1. If a person finds getting up early a problem, most probably_________.

　　A. he is a lazy person

　　B. he refuses to follow his own energy cycle

　　C. he is not sure when his energy is low

　　D. he is at his peak in the afternoon or evening

　　答案：

　　2. Which of the following may lead to family quarrels according to the passage?

　　A. Unwareness of energy cycles.

　　B. Familiar monologues.

　　C. A change in a family member's energy cycle.

　　D. Attempts to control the energy cycle of other family members.

　　答案：

　　3. If one wants to work more efficiently at his low point in the morning, he should___________.

　　A. change his energy cycle

　　B. overcome his laziness

　　C. get up earlier than usual

　　D. go to bed earlier

　　答案：答案：A

　　Words：324　难度系数：★★★　建议用时：8分钟

　　Games originally are entertainment.Contemporary games are very realistic and for this reason they are a source of great experience for the player and develop the imagination.Games are entertainment and even more than that.The statistics(统计) of the New York University led by Green claim that the player preferring active games get improvement of some types of brain activity.In particular，game players deal with problems of simultaneously (同时地) tracking several moving objects at the average level of 30% better than people who do not play active computer video games.The “gaming” violent experience may not be the cause of violent behavior in reality.None of the playing experience will become the priority in making important decisions concerning problems in real life.A game is an abstraction(虚拟物)．A player gets abstract tasks and acts according to abstract rules.

　　Games are also the possibility to be however a person wants to be and to rest from the outside world for some time.But what if a person gets so much excited with the game scenes that he becomes violent in reality? Then，it proves that the games cause people to become violent in reality.But a psychologically healthy person will never confuse these two different worlds.A game is a virtual world with visual images very similar to human.These images represent by themselves nothing but playing obstacles(障碍)．A game may potentially give the opportunity to “destroy the obstacles” that may not be destroyed according to the rules but it is more about personal choice whether to do it or not.This leads us to the conclusion that violence is not a consequence but the cause.People who are originally trended to violence may get into a temper by games and perform violence in the “real world”．But in this case violence in games is a simple justification (理由) of the violent nature of the players.

　　【解题导语】　本文论述游戏是娱乐形式却远不止供人娱乐，还能提高打游戏者同时注意观察多个移动物体的能力，因为心理健康的人不会混淆游戏中的虚拟世界和生活中的现实世界。

　　1．The passage is ________.

　　A．a story B．a descriptive writing

　　C．an argumentative writing

　　D．a scientific essay

　　解析：选C。判断文章体裁。短文主要论证游戏对游戏爱好者行为和心理的影响，所以这是篇议论文。

　　2．In the first paragraph the author used the statistics to prove that ________.

　　A．games can provide experience for the players

　　B．games can help develop players’ imagination

　　C．games can cause violent behavior

　　D．games are more than entertainment

　　解析：选D。确定段落主题(论点)。第一段第三句句意为：游戏是娱乐但又远不止娱乐。这是本段的论点，下一句用统计数字作为论据来论证这一观点。

　　3．What is the author’s attitude towards the “computer games”？

　　A．“Violent games” can lead to the performance of violence in the“real world.”

　　B．Violence is not a consequence of the “computer games” but the cause.

　　C．Games are just entertainment and nothing more.

　　D．The “virtual world” and the “real world” are just the same.

　　解析：选B。判断作者态度题。第二段倒数第三句是作者的结论：这使我们得出暴力不是后果而是导致后果的原因这样的结论。所以作者认为暴力倾向不是电脑游戏造成的后果而是人们喜欢暴力、玩暴力游戏的原因。

　　4．The best title for this passage is ________.

　　A．Violent games cause violence

　　B．Games：good or bad?

　　C．The cause of violence

　　D．The consequence of games

　　解析：选B。确定文章标题。短文主要论述了游戏的作用及与暴力的关系，作者用统计数据和理论分析说明：人的暴力倾向不是玩游戏的结果而是人们喜欢暴力游戏的原因。所以B项作短文标题较为合适。

　　B

　　Words：290　难度系数：★★　建议用时：7分钟

　　(2012·安徽自主命题仿真卷)My name is Lanier Lobdell, and I am a 55­year­old woman with

　　rheumatoid arthritis (风湿性关节炎), or RA.RA is a disease that mostly affects the joints, but it can also affect internal organs.I have had RA for almost 21 years, and it definitely has changed my life, however, I try not to live my life like I have a disease.

　　For me, attitude is everything.I always try to find humor in the situation or try to ignore it, but that does not always work.These days I can hardly walk due to my ankles, yet I still try and do the things I always did.I love riding my motorcycle, and I try to take long trips every year.

　　This year I got involved with some folks who make the biologic medicine I am on, to create the Going the Extra Mile Tour to raise awareness about RA.The tour will take me across the country and back on my motorcycle, making stops along the way to meet with local Arthritis Foundation (AF) chapters and people who are affected by all forms of arthritis

　　including RA.

　　I want to encourage people not to let RA stop them from living their lives the best they can.There are so many new medicines coming out these days, and they can really help.People have to be their own supporters and get informed－knowledge is power.Talk to your doctor and focus on what you can do－not what you can’t.Rest when your body is telling you to and push and keep going when you can.Learn to listen to your body－that’s how I deal with having RA.

　　【解题导语】　本文是一篇记叙文。作者是一位风湿性关节炎患者，但其乐观向上，使自己过好生活中的每一天，并积极将自己的乐观心态传递给其他病友，与他们分享与病魔抗争的力量和勇气。

　　5．Lanier Lobdell is a woman ________.

　　A．who got RA at the age of 32

　　B．who suffers from a blood disease

　　C．who has retired from work for 21 years

　　D．who’d like to share her experience with RA

　　解析：选D。细节理解题。A，B和C均可根据第一段内容予以排除。根据最后一段(尤其是首句)可知。

　　6．Lanier Lobdell took part in the Going the Extra Mile Tour ________.

　　A．to call for attention to RA patients

　　B．to compete for a medal in the tour

　　C．to show her love for motor riding

　　D．to share interest with some talks

　　解析：选A。细节理解题。根据第三段首句中的“to raise awareness about RA”可知，A正确。

　　7．In the last paragraph, the author wants to tell us ________.

　　A．how she manages to be positive

　　B．how she helps other RA patients to be positive

　　C．why being positive can help RA patients

　　D．how RA patients manages to be positive

　　解析：选B。主旨大意题。本段作者主要讲述自己如何帮助其他病友也保持乐观向上的心态，与病魔抗争，根据本段首句即可知道，故选B。

　　8．It can be inferred that Lanier Lobdell is ________.

　　A．easy­going

　　B．happy­go­lucky

　　C．strong­minded

　　D．well­informed

　　解析：选C。推理判断题。根据前三段内容可知，尽管作者身患风湿性关节炎21年，但其意志坚强、乐观向上，不但没有被病魔击垮，相反积极参与摩托车赛活动，并且激励其他风湿性关节炎患者与病魔抗争，故选C。

　　C

　　Words：318　难度系数：★★　建议用时：8分钟

　　Frederick Law Olmsted (1822～1903)，a Connecticut farm boy，saw his first public park in Liverpool，England，as he accompanied his brother on a walking tour.He was impressed by the park’s winding paths，open fields，lakes and bridges.Perhaps the most wonderful things of all was that the park was open to everyone.

　　A moment beginning in 1840 to set aside park land on New York City’s Manhattan Island had a successful result in 1856 with the purchase of 840 acres of rocky and swampy(沼泽) land，bought with about $5 million in state funds.Olmsted’s chance meeting with a project organizer led to his applying for the job of park manager.In 1857 Olmsted was appointed manager of the proposed park，and the clearing of the site began.

　　Calvert Vaux，a British architect，asked Olmsted to collaborate with him on a park design，and Olmsted agreed.Vaux saw the park as a work of art，while Olmsted saw the park as a place for people to escape the noise of the city.Together they invented a plan that would give the persons and animals living in the city a quiet，green park and would also preserve and increase the good qualities of the natural features of the land.The commissioners voted in favor of Vaux and Olmsted’s plan，and in 1858，the two became the official designers of New York City’s Central Park.

　　It took millions of cartloads of topsoil to build Central Park’s gentle slopes，shady glens，and steep rocky ravines.Five million trees were planted，a water­supply system was laid，and bridges，arches，roads and paths were constructed.The park officially opened in 1876，and today，well over a century later，people still escape the noise of the city in Olmsted and Vaux’s great work of art.

　　【解题导语】　本文介绍美国两位公园设计师Vaux和Olmsted设计美国第一座公园纽约市中央公园的过程及意图。一个多世纪后的今天，人们为了躲避喧嚣的城市依然来到纽约市中心公园，享受自然、恬静和安逸。

　　9．What is the text mainly about?

　　A．A history of the planning of Central Park.

　　B．An engineering plan for Central Park.

　　C．A biography of Frederick Law Olmsted.

　　D．A guided walking tour of Central Park.

　　解析：选A。确定文章主题。短文主要介绍了纽约市中央公园的设计者以及他们修筑公园的意图和过程，所以用A项作短文标题较合适。

　　10．Olmsted became manager of Central Park because of ________.

　　A．his friendship with Calvert Vaux

　　B．his hard work in clearing the land

　　C．his winning a design competition

　　D．a chance meeting with one of the park’s organizers

　　解析：选D。细节把握题。由第二段第二句可知，Olmsted和一位工程项目组织者的不期而遇促使他申请做公园主管人的职位，所以本题D项正确。

　　11．The underlined word “collaborate” in the third paragraph means ________.

　　A．disagree B．comment

　　C．vote

　　D．work together

　　解析：选D。词义猜测题。第三段从第二句开始说明Vaux与Olmsted是如何共同计划建造一座自然公园的，所以collaborate的意思为协同工作。

　　12．Which of the following is TRUE about Central Park?

　　A．It is out of date nowadays.

　　B．The designers came from the same country.

　　C．It is an old park in America.

　　D．It is only for people who can well afford it.

　　解析：选C。细节把握题。短文最后一句意为：一个多世纪后的今天，人们仍然在Olmsted和Vaux伟大的艺术作品——纽约市中心公园里逃避城市的喧嚣。由此可以看出，C项正确。

　　D

　　Words：405　难度系数：★★★　建议用时：9分钟

　　A common misconception (误解) －about scholarships is that they are only available for the smartest students with the highest GPAs.However, this just isn’t even close to true.There are scholarships out there for every type of student seeking a college education.Let’s take a look at each type a bit more in depth.

　　Academic Scholarships

　　Academic scholarships are also often referred to as merit (优点) scholarships, though a merit scholarship can mean anything that has some level of contest to it.These are fox; the students with the 4.0 GPAs, the years as a part of several extracurricular (课外的) activities and the well­rounded applications.They typically have the highest payouts and are considered very well­known as they are often national awards.

　　Athletic Scholarships

　　For students with strong academics (学业的) and physical skills, athletic scholarships are the way to go.There is practically a scholarship for every single sport, from volleyball to football; gymnastics to cheerleading.So, if you are good at anything physical，you should definitely pursue an athletic scholarship.

　　Scholarships for Minorities

　　There are also many scholarships for minorities available.Some of these are general and for all minorities as a collective whole, while others are intended for individual ethnic (种族的) groups.It is also a good idea to apply for a minority scholarship if you are part of fully of a certain ethnicity.You will get to represent your culture and possibly win money－what more could you ask for?

　　Scholarships for Women

　　As with the scholarships for minorities above, there are also scholarships specifically for women.Since colleges were dominated (主宰) by men for many years, scholarships have been created for strong, career­minded women that need assistance paying for college expenses.If you are female, it is strongly recommended you pursue a scholarship for women.Moreover, scholarships for women are typically available in just about any field.Be specific!

　　【解题导语】　本文是一篇信息材料类说明文。文章为我们介绍的是美国大学中四种不同类型的奖学金。

　　13．In the author’s opinion, ________.

　　A．most people are well­informed about scholarships

　　B．most people think scholarships should go to the smartest students

　　C．most people have some misunderstanding about scholarships

　　D．most people deserve scholarships though not having applied for them

　　解析：选C。事实细节题。根据首句可知，很多人对奖学金制度不甚了解，有不同程度的误解。

　　14．Tom does well in his lessons and is especially good at sports.The best scholarship he can apply for ________.

　　A．Academic Scholarships

　　B．Athletic Scholarships

　　C．Scholarships for Minorities

　　D．Scholarships for Women

　　解析：选B。事实细节题。根据Athletic Scholarships中第一句可得出答案。

　　15．Alice is an Indian­American.She prefers to study her own culture and something about ethnology (民族学)．Then she’d better apply for ________.

　　A．Academic Scholarships

　　B．Athletic Scholarships

　　C．Scholarships for Minorities

　　D．Scholarships for Women

　　解析：选C。事实细节题。Alice属于美国的少数民族，故可申请“少数民族学生奖学金”。

　　16．How many scholarships are intended for all the students?

　　A．One.

　　B．Two.

　　C．Three.

　　D．Four.

　　解析：选B。深层理解题。文章中第一、第二项奖学金没有设定对象的先天条件，第三和第四项均有先天条件——民族或性别限制，故只有前两类适合于全体学生。