2016高考英语二轮（阅读理解）精品训练（03）及答案

　　2016高考英语二轮（阅读理解）精品训练（03）及答案

　　Against the supposition than forest fires in Alaska, Canada and Siberia warm the climate, scientists have discovered that cooling may occur in areas where burnt trees allow more snow to mirror more sunlight into space.

　　This finding suggests that taking steps to prevent northern forest to limit the release of greenhouse gases may warm the climate in northern regions. Usually large fires destroyed forests in these areas over the past decade. Scientists predict that with climate warming, fires may occur more frequently over next several centuries as result of a longer fire season. Sunlight taken in by the earth tends to cause warming, while heat mirrored back into space tends to cause cooling.

　　This is the first study to analyze all aspects of how northern fires influence climate. Earlier studies by other scientists have suggested that fire in northern regions speed up climate warming because greenhouse gases from burning trees and plants are released into the atmosphere and thus trap heat.

　　Scientists found that right after the fire, large amounts of greenhouse gases entered the atmosphere and caused warming. Ozone（臭氧）levels increased, and ash from the fire fell on far-off sea ice, darkening the surface and causing more radiation from the sun to be taken in. The following spring, however, the land within the area of the fire was brighter than before the fire, because fewer trees covered the ground. Snow on the ground mirrored more sunlight back into space, leading to cooling.

　　“We need to find out all possible ways to reduce the growth of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.” Scientists tracked the change in amount of radiation entering and leaving the climate system as a result of the fire, and found a measurement closely related to the global air temperature. Typically, fire in northern regions occurs in the same area every 80 to 150 years. Scientists, however, found that when fire occurs more frequently, more radiation is lost from the earth and cooling results. Specifically, they determined when fire returns 20 years earlier than predicated, 0.5 watts per square meter of area burned are soaked up by the earth from greenhouse gases, but 0.9 watts per square meter will be sent back into space. The net effect is cooling. Watts are used to measure the rate at which energy is gained or lost from the earth.

　　1. According to the new findings, taking steps to prevent northern forest fires may _______.

　　A. result in a warming climate

　　B. cause the forest fires to occur more frequently

　　C. lead to a longer fire season

　　D. protect the forests and the environment there

　　【答案与解析】A

　　根据第二段第一句This finding suggests ……可知

　　2. The following are all the immediate effects after a forest fire EXCEPT _________.

　　A. large amounts of greenhouse gases enter the atmosphere

　　B. the levels of ozone which is a type of oxygen increase

　　C. snow on the ground mirrors more sunlight back into space

　　D. ashes from the fire fall on the ice surface and take in more radiation from the sun

　　【答案与解析】C

　　根据第四段可知

　　3. Earlier studies about northern forest fires _________.

　　A. analyze all aspects of how northern fires influence climate

　　B. indicate that forest fires will pollute the atmosphere

　　C. suggest that people should take measures to protect environment

　　D. suggest that the fires will speed up climate warming

　　【答案与解析】D

　　根据第三段可知

　　4. The underlined phrase “soak up” in the last paragraph most probably means ________.

　　A. released B. absorbed C. created D. distributed

　　【答案与解析】B

　　根据……but 0.9 watts per square meter will be sent back into space 可知soak up 与sent back 的意思相反

　　5. From the passage we can draw a conclusion that forest fires in Alaska, Canada and Siberia may __________.

　　A. warm the climate as the supposition goes

　　B. allow more snow to reflect more sunlight into space and thus cool the climate

　　C. destroy large areas of forests and pollute the far-off sea ice

　　D. help to gain more energy rather than release more energy

　　【答案与解析】B

　　根据第一段Against the supposition ……scientists have discovered that……可知

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　　A

　　Paragraph 1

　　Scientists have learned a lot about the kinds of food people need. They say that there are several kinds of food that people should eat every day. They are: (1) green and yellow vegetables of all kinds. (2) citrus(柑桔) fruits and tomatoes; (3) potatoes and other fruits and vegetables; (4) meat of all kinds, fish and eggs; (5) milk and foods made from milk; (6) bread or cereal(谷类), rice is also in this kind of food; (7) butter, or something like butter.

　　Paragraph 2

　　People in different countries and different places of the world eat different kinds of things. Foods are cooked and eaten in many different kinds of ways. People in different countries eat at different times of the day. In some places people eat once or twice a day; in other countries people eat three or four times a day. Scientists say that none of the differences is really important. It doesn’t matter whether foods are eaten raw or cooked, canned or frozen. It doesn’t matter if a person eats dinner at 4 o’clock in the afternoon or at eleven o’clock at night. The important thing is what you eat every day.

　　Paragraph 3

　　There are two problems, then, in feeding the large number of people on earth. The first is to find some ways to feed the world’s population so that no one is hungry.The second is to make sure that people everywhere have the right kinds of food to make them grow to be strong and healthy.

　　41. According to the scientists, which of the following groups of food is the healthiest for your lunch?

　　A. chicken, apples, cereal, cabbages

　　B. potatoes, carrots, rice, bread

　　C. oranges, bananas, fish, tomatoes

　　D. beef, pork, fish, milk

　　42. It is important for people to eat _______.

　　A. three times a day

　　B. dinner at twelve o’clock

　　C. cooked food all the day

　　D. something from each of the seven kinds of food every day

　　43. People in different countries and different places of the world _______.

　　A. has the right kinds of food to eat

　　B. cooks their food in the same way

　　C. has their meals at the same time

　　D. eat food in different ways

　　44. If there is Paragraph 4, what do you think is going to be talked about?

　　A. When people eat their lunch

　　B. What to do with the two problems

　　C. How to cook food in different ways

　　D. Why people eat different kinds of food

　　B

　　At the time, I would go out in the evening with my parents. But this time I had borrowed a bicycle from a friend of mine. I didn’t know why, but once I was on my own bicycle, a kind of free feeling flooded through me. The faster I rode, the faster I wanted to go! Far ahead, I rode as if my life depended on it, head down, hands grasping the handbars. I meant to get to Jinghai Bar as fast as I could....

　　Oh! My hands! Don’t come any closer... . Don’t touch me! That poor doctor just couldn’t get my gloves off. Each time he took a step towards me, I broke into painful shouting. Much later, I discovered that I had crashed heavily with another bicycle, and I hadn’t spoken one word of sense for at least three hours! After some time, my mother arrived at the hospital, her face as white as a sheet, and gave me a hug, only then did the doctor begin to stitch(缝合) my head wound, not only did he merrily cut off a long lock of my hair, but used no anaesthetic(麻药) either! Later, I seemed to hear faraway voices saying that my right hand was broken. I almost burst into tears. How would I ever play the piano again?

　　45. On her way to Jinghai, the writer felt _______.

　　A. nervous

　　B. comfortable

　　C. light-hearted

　　D. upset

　　46. Why did the writer ride a bicycle to Jinghai Bar that evening?

　　A. Because she wanted to attend a party on time.

　　B. Because she wanted to meet her friend who was waiting for her there.

　　C. Because she just wanted, to join some of her friends and drink some wine.

　　D. We are not quite sure about what she was really going there for.

　　47. What did the writer think of the doctor?

　　A. Friendly.

　　B. Cruel.

　　C. Hardworking.

　　D. Kind.

　　48. One thing is sure, that is, before she was wounded she _______.

　　A. often went to Jinghai Bar with her friends

　　B. liked playing the piano

　　C. didn’t like any doctors at all

　　D. would burst into tears when she was in trouble

　　C

　　Some of the best-known names in the entertainment industry have taken part in an unprecedented telethon to help victims of the terrorist attacks in the United States.

　　The benefit(义演), called “America: a Tribute to Heroes,” was sponsored by all four major U.S television networks, ABC,CBS, FOIX and NBC. It was broadcast by three-dozen television, cable and radio networks across the country and aired live to more than a hundred countries around the world.

　　Hollywood stars joined music entertainers in asking listeners and viewers to pledge cash donations to charities helping the victims of the September 11th attacks.

　　Actors, including Tom Hanks, Julia Roberts, tom Cruise and Clint Eastwood, told stories of heroic acts by people who tried to save others from the burning World trade Center and the Pentagon. Former heavyweight champion Muhammad Ali made a rare public appearance in show of support. The appeals alternated with performances by such popular entertainers a Bruce Springsteen, Mariah Carey, Steve Wonder, Paul Simon and the rock band U—2. They appeared on stages in New York, Los Angeles and London, decorated with hundreds of burning candles.

　　Singer Billy Joel sang “ New York State of Mind” with a New York City firefighter’s hat on his piano. Sting dedicated his song “ Gragile” to a friend who died in the World Trade Center. Stevie Wonder condemned hatred in the name of religion before singing his song “ Love’s in Need of Love today”. Pledge phones were manned by dozens of other celebrities, including Jack Nicholson, Meg Ryan, Whoopic Goldberg, Cindy Crawford, Al Pacino and Sylvester Stallone.

　　Organizers say the two-hour telethon raised millions of dollars. All participants, from stars to stagehands, worked without pay.

　　49. Those who appeared on stages were ______.

　　　 A. some best-known names in the USA

　　　 B. some famous singer, film stars and other music entertainers

　　　 C. People who tried to save others from the burning World trade Center and the Pentagon.　 D. Former heavyweight champion Muhammad Ali and Hollywood stars

　　50. The underlined word “ telethon” most probably means ______.

　　　 A. a performance to raise money　

　　B. a concert held by some television networks

　　　 C. a television program which lasts a long time

　　　 D. a television program for entertainment

　　51. Which of the following statements is true?

　　　 A. Four major U.S. television networks broadcast the benefit

　　　 B. The former heavy weight champion Muhammad Ali sang a song to show his support

　　　 C. Billy Joel, wearing a firefighter’s hat, played the piano for the listeners and viewers

　　D. The organizers, stars and people who worked for the benefit didn’t get any money for themselves.

　　52. The best title for the news report is ______.

　　　A.U.S Telethon Raises Money for Attack Victims

　　B. Best-known names Pledge Donations

　　　 C. Seeking More Support

　　D. More People Join

　　D

　　With only about 1, 000 pandas left in the world, China is desperately trying to clone the animal and save the endangered species. That’s a move similar to what a Texas A & M University researchers have been undertaking for the past five years in a project called “Noah’s Ark”.

　　Noah’s Ark is aimed at collecting eggs, embryos(胚胎), semen and DNA of endangered animals and storing them in liquid nitrogen. If certain species should become extinct, Dr. Duane Kraemer, a professor in Texas A & M’s College of Veterinary Medicine, says there would be enough of the basic building blocks to reintroduce the species in the future.

　　It is estimated that as many as 2, 000 species of mammals, birds, reptiles will become extinct in over 100 years. The panda, native only to China, is in danger of becoming extinct in the next 25 years.

　　This week, Chinese scientists said they grew an embryo by introducing cells from a dead female panda into the egg cells of a Japanese white rabbit. They are now trying to implant the embryo into a host animal. The entire procedure could take from three to five years to complete.

　　“The nuclear transfer of one species to another is not easy, and the lack of available(capable of being used) panda eggs could be a major problem,” Kraemer believes. “They will probably have to do several hundred transfers to result in one pregnancy (having a baby). It takes a long time and it’s difficult, but this could be groundbreaking science if it works. They are certainly not putting any live pandas at risk, so it is worth the effort,” adds Kraemer, who is one of the leaders of the Project at Texas A & M, the first-ever attempt at cloning a dog.

　　“They are trying to do something that’s never been done, and this is very similar to our work in Noah’s Ark. We’re both trying to save animals that face extinction. I certainly appreciate their effort and there’s a lot we can learn from what they are attempting to do. It’s a research that is very much needed.”

　　53. The aim of “Noah’s Ark” project is to _______.

　　A. make efforts to clone the endangered pandas

　　B. save endangered animals from dying out

　　C. collect DNA of endangered animals to study

　　D. transfer the nuclear of one animal to another

　　54. According to Professor Kraemer, the major problem in cloning pandas would be the lack of _______.

　　A. available panda eggs

　　B. host animals

　　C. qualified researchers D. enough money

　　55. The best title for the passage may be _______.

　　A. China’s Success in Pandas Cloning???

　　B. The First Cloned Panda in the World

　　C. Exploring the Possibility to Clone Pandas

　　D. China —the Native Place of Pandas Forever

　　56. From the passage we know that _______.

　　A. Kraemer and his team have succeeded in cloning a dog

　　B. scientists try to implant a panda’s egg into a rabbit

　　C. Kraemer will work with Chinese scientists in clone researches

　　D. about two thousand of species will probably die out in a century

　　E

　　Far from the land of Antarctica (南极洲), a huge shelf of ice meets the ocean. At the underside of the shelf there lives a small fish, the Antarctic cod.

　　For forty years scientists have been curious about that fish. How does it live where most fish would freeze to death? It must have some secret. The Antarctic is not a comfortable place to work and research has been slow. Now it seems we have an answer. Research was begun by cutting holes in the ice and catching the fish. Scientists studied the fish’s blood and measured its freezing point. The fish were taken from seawater that had a temperature of -1.88°C and many tiny pieces of ice floating in it. The blood of the fish did not begin to freeze until its temperature was lowered to -2.05°C. That small difference is enough for the fish to live at the freezing temperature of the ice-salt mixture

　　The scientists’ next research job was clear: Find out what in the fish’s blood kept it from freezing. Their search led to some really strange thing made up of a protein (蛋白质) never before seen in the blood of a fish. When it was removed, the blood froze at seawater temperature. When it was put back, the blood again had its antifreeze quality and a lowered freezing point.

　　Study showed that it is an unusual kind of protein. It has many small sugar molecules held in special positions within each big protein molecule. Because of its sugar content, it is called a glycoprotein. So it has come to be called the antifreeze fish glycoprotein, or AFGP.

　　57. What is the text mainly about?

　　A. The terrible conditions in the Antarctic.

　　B. A special fish living in freezing waters.

　　C. The ice shelf around Antarctica.

　　D. Protection of the Antarctic cod.

　　58. Why can the Antarctic cod live at the freezing temperature?

　　A. The seawater has a temperature of -1.88°C.

　　B. it loves to live in the ice-salt mixture

　　C. A special protein keeps it from freezing.

　　D. Its blood has a temperature lower than -2.05°C.

　　59. What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 5 refer to?

　　A. A type of ice-salt mixture.

　　B. A newly found protein.

　　C. Fish blood.

　　D. Sugar molecule.

　　60. What does “glyco-” in the underlined word “glycoprotein” in the last paragraph mean?

　　A. sugar

　　B. ice

　　C. blood

　　D. molecule

　　参考答案

　　41—45ADDBC

　　46—50DBBBC

　　51—55DABAC

　　56—60DBCBA

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