2016年陕西省高考英语二轮复习题型技法指导专题七：单词拼写

　　2016年高考第二轮复习英语陕西版题型技法指导

　　专题七　单词拼写

　　真题试做

　　A

　　（2012·陕西高考）

　　1．This T­shirt is made of high quality ______（纯的）cotton.

　　2．More and more Chinese people are able to ______（付得起）to travel abroad.

　　3．The first official results are not expected until ______（星期二）at the earliest.

　　4．He was wearing a very ______（严肃的）expression and I knew something was wrong.

　　5．Regular tests help the teacher to learn about the ______（进步）of each student.

　　6．The open exhibition will allow local ______（艺术家）to show their talents.

　　7．He ______（承诺）that he would come，but he hasn't turned up yet.

　　8．The staff soon found the new manager easy to ______（接近）．

　　9．There is nothing there—you are just ______（想象）things!

　　10．The little girl walked ______（自信地）onto the stage，ready for her first speech.

　　B

　　（2012·全国高考Ⅱ）

　　1．Do you speak any ______（外国）languages?

　　2．Rebecca was the ______（骄傲）of her family.

　　3．Will you stop ______（打断）me when I'm talking?

　　4．David Beckham's ______（国籍）is British.

　　5．The ______（现代）history of Italy dates from 1860.

　　6．Bob's ______（侄子）is a freshman at Harvard University.

　　7．Alice wanted to borrow Jack's computer，but he ______（拒绝）．

　　8．Her ______（书架）are filled with books and photos.

　　9．What are you girls ______（耳语）about?

　　10．Don't ______（咳嗽）more than you can help.

　　C

　　（2011·陕西高考）

　　1．The smell of ______（新鲜的）bread and frying eggs filled the kitchen.

　　2．He has devoted his whole life to world ______（和平）．

　　3．Alexander Graham Bell became famous overnight by ______（发明）the telephone.

　　4．Several companies have announced their intention to ______（竞争）for the construction project.

　　5．Both my parents were born in ______（十月），but five years apart.

　　6．The symptoms of flu may be unpleasant，but they ______（消失）within a few days.

　　7．Christophe Pires was born and brought up in France，but he speaks English ______（流利地）．

　　8．Among the many ______（业余爱好）of his are reading，music and tennis.

　　9．Sue Wood was only nine when her first short story was ______（出版）．

　　10．I have an ______（道歉）to make to you—I'm afraid I opened your letter by mistake.

　　D

　　（2010·陕西高考）

　　1．The car is running at a ______（速度）of eighty kilometers an hour.

　　2．The teacher is glad that everyone in her class is ______（渴望的）to learn.

　　3．Jeff has the ______（习惯）of listening to music while reading.

　　4．Mr.White has been ______（缺席的）from work for days，so he knows nothing about our new plan.

　　5．He tried to ______（解释），but she wouldn't listen.

　　6．The local government is ______（讨论）how to help the poor in the countryside.

　　7．When things aren't going well，my parents always ______（鼓励）me，telling me not to give up.

　　8．Miss Harper closed her eyes and ______（假装）to be asleep.

　　9．We sat chatting for a few ______（分钟）after finishing our meal.

　　10．I have been ______（深深地）impressed by a number of experiences in her life.

　　考向分析

　　从近年的陕西高考题可以看出，单词拼写题呈现以下几个特点。

　　1．所考单词都给出汉语提示

　　陕西近几年高考试题都是给出汉语提示，其特点与全国Ⅱ卷相同。并且汉语提示也相当具体，从汉语提示可以看出所要写的词汇的词性。如：He was wearing a very ______（严肃的）expression and I knew something was wrong（2012·陕西）。因此在平时的练习中，考生应有针对性地做类似的训练。

　　2．以实词为主，多为常见词

　　从所考单词的词性看，历年陕西高考单词拼写词汇主要为实词，即名词、动词、形容词、副词。从考查比例来看，2012年以上四种词类比例为3∶4∶2∶1,2011年为4∶4∶1∶1；2010年为3∶4∶2∶1。从所选词的使用频率来看，全为常用常见词，未曾出现生僻词，而且全来自考纲。在所考查的词汇中有一定数量的初中阶段所学词汇（3到4个），因此，考生应重视常用核心词汇，切勿分散过多时间背诵怪词、难词。

　　3．提供语境，词汇考查灵活

　　单词拼写题中尽管给出汉语提示，但所提供的语境对词汇提出了更为完善和严格的要求。做题时，要根据语境，写出最切合题意、最符合英语表达习惯的单词。

　　答题步骤

　　考生应该在牢记《考试说明》所附词汇表中所列单词的基础上，通过训练运用“三步法”去完成单词拼写题。

　　1．根据语境，确定词义。

　　做题时，考生可先根据汉语提示，把自己所能想到的单词以原形的形式写出来。这样做可以节约时间，同时更重要的是以防阅读句子中的个别难点会影响到发挥。这是成功的关键一步。

　　2．根据单词在句中所充当的成分，确定词性。

　　3．根据语法，搞清须受制约的有关规则，考虑英语惯用法、搭配、常识或构词法等，确定词形。

　　习惯用语和固定搭配在所有词汇中占有很大比例，也是历年高考必考的一项内容，特别是用于单词拼写这一题型中。常见的搭配形式有动词搭配、介词搭配、形容词搭配等。

　　技法指导

　　1．动词形式选择

　　单词拼写题由于其要求只能写一个单词，因此动词在考查时只会有五种可能性：动词原形、第三人称单数、现在分词、过去式和过去分词。若空前出现be则填现在分词或过去分词，现在分词表主动、过去分词表被动。（以­ed，­ing结尾的分词化形容词除外，其­ed形式多修饰人，­ing形式多修饰物）。如：The artist was ______（教育）at a very famous university.（educated，艺术家是被教育）；若前面出现have/has则构成完成时，若前出现不定式符号to则填动词原形。若to为介词则填动词­ing形式；若出现感官、祈使动词则要注意其特点，如：make sb.do sth.；若作谓语则要么填过去式，要么填原形，要么填动词第三人称单数，注意时态暗示和主语的单复数。最后提醒考生注意非谓语动词的使用。

　　2．名词单复数选择

　　名词主要考查单复数，考生做题时，可以根据自己的积累和语境提示判断名词单复数。如：名词前出现冠词a/an则为单数；若前面有a few，many，a number of，one of等则为复数，同时要注意平时积累。如：experience意为“经历”时是可数名词，意为“经验”时是不可数名词，固定搭配make contributions to等。

　　3．形容词、副词选择

　　自2006年陕西省自主命题以来，对于这两类词的考查其实汉语意思已给的非常清楚，“……的”即为形容词，“……地”就填副词。同时注意一些特殊词汇及重点词汇：如deep和deeply同为副词时的区别；friendly，likely为形容词及一些固定搭配。总之，做好题的关键在于记牢词汇。

　　误区警示

　　1．同义单词选择错误

　　由于针对某一汉语意思，考生会想到几个词，但由于对词汇差异掌握不到位，或对一些固定搭配不熟悉，而选错词汇。如：

　　He was ______（深深地）hurt by her words.

　　【错混透析】正确答案为deeply，易错写成deep，只看到汉语提示而未注意deep与deeply的区别。两词都可作副词，但deep表具体，deeply表抽象。

　　2．词性形式变化错误

　　由于缺乏做题技巧，并且对英语句子成分中所用词性掌握不到位而出现错误。如：

　　______（离开）her kid crying there，she went home alone.

　　【错混透析】正确答案为Leaving，易错写成Left。忽略了英语句法的特殊性。she went home alone为主句。前面______（离开）her kid crying there为非谓语动词作状语，leave与she之间是主动关系，故用现在分词。

　　3．特殊词形变化及单词大小写错误

　　在英语句子中，每句的首字母及月份、星期及专有名词的首字母都要求大写，同时一些词形变化特殊的词汇也要特别注意。如：

　　______（一月）is the first month of the year.

　　【错混透析】正确答案为January。易错写成january。

　　4．动词形式错误

　　有些同学做题不会全面分析，只见汉语提示，不通读整个句子，导致动词时态或形式错用。应该注意句中所提供或暗示的时间状语。如：

　　We left the road and ______（爬）the hill towards the wood.

　　【错混透析】正确答案为climbed，易错写成climb。不注意并列连词and连接的是并列谓语，导致失分。今后做题应注意并列连词。

　　（一）

　　1．Where we ______（到达），the villagers gave us a warm welcome.

　　2．All countries，big or small，should be ______（平等的）．

　　3．The hero who died in the big fire was ______（描述）by his colleagues as “unusual”．

　　4．I'm pleased that he gladly ______（接受）our invitation.

　　5．Don't be frightened by the television camera.Just speak ______（自然地）．

　　6．What will the ______（天气）be like tomorrow?

　　7．Some people work better under ______（压力）．

　　8．Some students are ______（不愿意）to attend the classes partly because of the cost.

　　9．I have had the good ______（运气）to work with the brilliant directors.

　　10．If we want to attract more customers，try ______（做广告）in the local paper.

　　（二）

　　1．A beginner's painting can't be ______（比较）to that of an expert.

　　2．Neither the driver nor the ______（乘客）were hurt.

　　3．If it is ______（方便的），please write back to me quickly.

　　4．______（面对）with difficulty，he never loses heart.

　　5．When in an emergency，you should keep ______（冷静）．

　　6．Press this ______（按钮），and the door will open of itself.

　　7．Do you know who will be in ______（负责）of our company?

　　8．Last Friday they ______（野餐）in the forest with their teacher.

　　9．He is ______（身体上地）weak，but mentally strong.

　　10．The police asked ______（过路人）if they had seen the accident.

　　（三）

　　1．As is known，the ant has two ______（胃）．

　　2．Can you tell me some famous ______（诗人）?

　　3．Mother didn't know who to ______（责备）for the broken vase.

　　4．English is ______（广泛地）used in the world.

　　5．That elephant ______（重）6.5 tons.

　　6．There were about 200 people ______（出席）the meeting.

　　7．His dream is to be a ______（音乐家）in the future.

　　8．He is a man with many good ______（品质）．

　　9．We are ______（骄傲）of our great country.

　　10．______（判断）from what he said，he must be a doctor.

　　（四）

　　1．He lay on the grassland and felt the ______（温暖）of the sun.

　　2．______（二月）comes after January.

　　3．They are busy ______（准备）for the coming examination.

　　4．I could hardly ______（认出）him yesterday，because he had changed so much.

　　5．Being asked to recite the text，the boy felt a little ______（紧张的）．

　　6．I want to borrow several ______（杂志）from the library.

　　7．I changed into my sports shoes so that I could walk more ______（舒服地）．

　　8．The guard shouted at the naughty boy with his finger ______（指）at him.

　　9．She likes him，because he is ______（体贴的）towards others.

　　10．A vast amount of the Amazonian rainforest is being ______（破坏）every day.

　　（五）

　　1．They are used to being ______（分成）into groups in their English class.

　　2．KFC has many ______（分店）in China.

　　3．The bird ______（逃脱）being killed and flew away.

　　4．The patient kept ______（咳嗽）all day and night.

　　5．The man sat in front of Jenny，talking ______（兴奋地）for hours.

　　6．More and more foreigners show much ______（兴趣）in Chinese culture.

　　7．He is thinking of taking part in ______（政治）．

　　8．They tried in vain to ______（说服）her to go.

　　9．Answers are given on the ______（对面的）page.

　　10．I'm not very ______（熟悉）with botanical names.

　　参考答案

　　专题七　单词拼写

　　命题调研·明晰考向

　　真题试做

　　A

　　1．pure　2．afford　3．Tuesday　4．serious　5．progress　6．artists

　　7．promised　8．approach　9．imagining　10．confidently

　　B

　　1．foreign　2．pride　3．interrupting　4．nationality　5．modern

　　6．nephew　7．refused　8．bookshelves/bookcases　9．whispering

　　10．cough

　　C

　　1．fresh　2．peace　3．inventing　4．compete　5．October　6．disappear　7．fluently　8．hobbies　9．published　10．apology

　　D

　　1．speed/rate　2．eager　3．habit　4．absent/away　5．explain

　　6．discussing　7．encourage　8.pretended　9．minutes　10．deeply

　　创新模拟·预测演练

　　（一）

　　1．arrived　2．equal　．described　4．accepted　5．naturally

　　6．weather　7．pressure　8．unwilling　9．chance　10．advertising

　　（二）

　　1．compared　2．passengers　3．convenient　4．Faced　5．calm

　　6．button　7．charge　8．picnicked　9．physically　10．passers­by

　　（三）

　　1．stomachs　2．poets　3．blame　4．widely　5．weighs　6．attending　7．musician　8．qualities　9．proud　10．Judging

　　（四）

　　1．warmth　2．February　3．preparing　4．recognize　5．nervous　6．magazines　7．comfortably　8．pointing　9．considerate　10．destroyed

　　（五）

　　1．divided　2．branches　3．escaped　4．coughing　5．excitedly

　　6．interest　7．politics　8．persuade　9．opposite　10．familiar