2016高考英语二轮精编：写作专题 第三部分 范文及针对训练 说明文（精品教案）

　　第三部分

　　高考作文优秀范文及针对训练（配范文）

　　说明文写作

　　重点诠释

　　1．说明文是以说明为主要表达方式，用简洁明了的语言来解释说明事物，阐明事理，从而给读者提供知识的一种文体。

　　2．在高考书面表达中，其主要命题形式为图表式作文，有时也以图画式和提纲式作文来呈现写作材料。

　　3．它要求语言要简明扼要，通俗易懂，说明过程讲究层次性和条理性。

　　4．这种文体通常用第三人称，时态以一般现在时为主。

　　写作典例：

　　根据以下图画，写一篇英语短文，描述今昔通讯方式的变化，以及这些变化给人们生活带来的影响。（广东06）

　　注意：

　　1．词数：100左右

　　2．生词：通讯：communicate (with sb．) vi. communication n．

　　案例分析

　　从材料的呈现方式（两幅图对比）及材料所提供的要求“描述变化及影响”可知，本文应该用说明文体来写作。时态的把握是本文的一大难点，一般情况下，说明文应用一般现在时，但本文描述的是今昔通讯方式的变化，所以在描写过去通讯方式的时候要用一般过去时，例如in the past, people kept in touch with each other mainly by writing letters or using the public telephone 及It used to take several days to hear from each other.在描写过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响时，谓语动词要用现在完成时，例如本文的起始句可用“Great changes have taken place in the way of communication in people's life in recent years”及讲述影响的过渡句“with these changes, people's pace of life has been quickened and people's work has been made more dfficient”. 相对来说，本文用第三人称容易把握。

　　高分范文

　　Great changes have taken place in the way of communication in people's life in recent years.

　　In the past, people kept in touch with each other mainly by writing letters or using the public telephone. But now almost everyone has his own mobile phone.People can communicate with each other almost at any place and at any time. What's more, people have easy access to the Internet, which enables them to send and receive e-mails whenever they like.With these changes, people's pace of life has been quickened and people's work has been made more efficient. It used to take several days to hear from each other, but now it takes only several minutes, even if they are in two different continents.

　　In a word, people have an easier life nowadays.

　　　针对练习

　　1．下表是你根据平时了解所得到的中国高三学生选择高考志愿的信息。请你根据该表用英语写一篇简要介绍，向编辑部反映该情况。

　　注意：

　　1．文章的开头已为你写好。

　　2．词数：100词左右。

　　Chinese senior middle school graduates have different opinions on how to choose their courses and universities.

　　【预测依据】

　　在高考中，图表类写作经常出现。其内容上多为中学生日常生活中熟悉的生活经历，以及社会热点。高考志愿填报问题，是考生、家长、社会等非常关注的一个热门话题，对于该话题的报导以及争论是人们经常耳闻目睹的。

　　【解题指导】

　　本文从体裁上看属于议论文，其命题方式属于图表类。图表类作文多以说明文和议论文为主，要求考生根据所给的图表、数据及标题进行分析、研究，阅读其中的文字和说明，弄清各种信息之间的关系，提炼和确定出文章的中心思想。然后进行分析、概括和归纳。

　　注意：（1）图表和数据内容不一定要全部描述。（2）善于抓住总的规律，趋势，归纳增减率。（3）时态：特定时间用过去时。经常出现的情况或自己的评述用一般现在时。

　　（4）要适当运用一些高级词汇并灵活使用图表类写作常用的经典好句型。

　　【参考范文】

　　Chinese senior middle school graduates have different opinions on how to choose their courses and universities.

　　A survey has been done to study it. We can see from the table that about 35% of the students believe the choice should be based on their own interest. They say interest is the mother of success. Besides, it is a miserable thing to have to spend most of your time studying what you have no interest in.

　　More students （around 45%）, however, insist that main consideration should be given to the needs of the society, for, they argue, not everyone can find the job they like best. What's more, interest can be born and lost.

　　Interestingly, there are about 20% who find it too difficult to make a choice and would rather depend on their parents or teachers to make a decision.

　　【范文点评】

　　该篇文章从总体上来讲，能够把握议论文的特点。语言流畅，能够正确地利用一些较为高级的词语以及一些精彩短语、句型（文中黑体字）。人称使用正确，为第三人称。能够把握主体时态：用一般现在时。因为是经常出现的情况。能够按题目的要求，涵盖所要求的内容，并适当增添了一些相关内容，较好地完成了写作任务，达到了预定的写作目的。

　　2．根据漫画，请以“烟”为题，用英语写一篇短文，描述下面的内容，并就此发表你的评论。

　　要求：1. 文章必须包括描述和评论两部分；根据内容适当发挥，注意行文连贯。

　　2. 词数：100词左右。

　　【预测依据】

　　看图类写作是高考写作的热点之一，具有一定的难度。内容上多为中学生日常生活中熟悉的经历，社会热点，具有一定的交流性、应用性、时代性、教育性。

　　【写作指导】

　　1．要审清写作要求。

　　2．此题只提供了一幅相关的图画信息。通过观察及写作要求，我们可以确定：（1）体裁：夹叙夹议；（2）人称：须用第三人称；（3）时态：可用一般现在时。

　　3．审清图画的主题和梗概：一个年轻人在工厂，嘴里正吸着烟，这时他看到工厂里的一个禁止吸烟的标志牌，而工厂本身也正向大气中排放滚滚浓烟。年轻人顿时觉得困惑不解……由此，作者发表评论：相关部门应当采取措施禁止工厂污染自然环境的行为！

　　4．增加细节，连贯成文，做到层次分明，结构严谨，并准确选用相关词语、句型表达图画内容。

　　【参考范文】

　　Smoke

　　This is a funny and instructive picture. In the picture, a young man is smoking happily in a factory when he sees a sign which means 揘o smoking?on t。年he wall. But he finds that the factory is giving off large quantities of heavy smoke which makes him feel very puzzled, 揥hy does the factory forbid people to smoke while the factory itself emits so much poisonous smoke??eeNowadays, many factories know the danger of smoking to themselves and don't allow people smoking in the factory. However, they don't pay any attention to the danger that they cause to the whole society. And they let out lots of polluted smoke which does great harm to our environment.

　　In my opinion, we could live without most of the industrial products, but we could not survive without nature! Therefore, something must be done to prevent the pollution caused by all factories!

　　【范文点评】

　　本文首先对图片内容进行了简短的介绍，接着发表了作者的简短评论。文章结构严谨，审题准确，语言流畅，过渡自然。文章的得分亮点也较多。如最后一段，一句“In my opinion, we could live without most of industrial products, but we could not survive without nature.”，便不入俗套地点明了要采取相关措施的原因！可谓一语惊人，令人深思！

　　3．下面是一个学生的情况登记表，请用英语将表中所列情况进行全面介绍。

　　姓名 李  刚 性别 男 出生年月 1982.9 籍贯 山东

　　现就读学校 北京外国语大学英语系 职  务 团支部书记

　　兴趣、爱好、特长 体育运动、唱歌、跳舞、口语流利

　　志      向 当一名好翻译

　　学校鉴定 该生多才多艺，出类拔萃

　　主要家庭成员情况简介 父母：教师，工作认真，教学成绩优秀，受人尊敬

　　姐姐：医生，在一家医院工作，远近闻名

　　要求：

　　1.层次要清楚，条理性要强； 2.字数在100~140字。

　　Li Gang, a boy student of 21, is now studying in the English Department of Beijing Foreign Languages University. He likes sports and games, singing and dancing, and can speak English fluently. As a League secretary, he is highly spoken of by the teachers and students and regarded as an outstanding student with great ability.

　　Li Gang is from Shandong Province. His parents are both teachers. They are dearly loved and respected by the students for their wonderful teaching work. Li Gang's elder sister, a famous doctor, works in a big hospital.

　　Li Gang has made up his mind to be a good translator after graduation and serve

　　“the four modernizations”of our country.

　　4。根据下列图示以“The New Grading System in Our School”为题为你校英语报写一篇短文,说明这一举措以及你对学校实施这一举措的认识.

　　要求: 1.词数100字左右, 已给出部分不包括在内。生词: 评分体制grading system 参与participation（n.)

　　The New grading system in Our School

　　In order to help students develop their abilities in all fields, our school now has asked the teachers to make some changes in the grading system. This chart shows how it works.

　　The students' final score will be made up of 5 parts. About 30% of it will come from their test results. The rest of the score is decided by the performances of the students in the following parts: 20% comes from your notes, and another 20% is decided by how you do your homework. If you take an active part in classroom activities, you can get another 20% of the score. Teamwork in class is also important. If you want a higher score, you should be good at working together with your classmates.

　　5．下面的饼状图（pie chat）显示了你对你校学生兴趣爱好的调查结果。请你用英语给English Weekly写一篇短文，报道你的调查结果，并对此结果发表你的看法或建议。字数120词左右。首句已给出（不计入词数）。

　　A recent survey shows what the students of our school like to do in their spare time.

　　In my opinion, our school has made a good decision. This new grading system will certainly help to improve ourselves in all ways.

　　From the pie chat, we can see 53% of the students like sports, so doing sportsis the most popular activity in our school. The second popular activity for students is surfing the Internet and 36 % of the students have interest in it. Only a few students, about 8 percent of them, takereading asa hobby. And even fewer are fond of playing musical instruments.

　　In my point of view, our school should havemore sports facilities builtto satisfy the need ofthe students. Guidance should be given to students on surfing the Internet and ways must be found to arouse students' interests in reading and music.

　　6.联合国教科文组织某考察团正在我国某乡村参观考察。假定你是接待人员,请根据下列提示以发言稿的形式简要介绍这个村的情况：

　　1)大小：近100户人家，约500口人。

　　2)变化：过去很穷，78年后变化很大。人们生活比以前好多了。现已旧貌换新颜。

　　3)教育：原来的学校很小，现已经过改建。新建的教学楼有4层，是村里最美的建筑物。村所有学龄儿童在此免费就读。

　　注意：

　　1）要点齐全，前后连贯。

　　2）词数：100-120之间。

　　Ladies and gentlemen,

　　Welcome to our school ! ①This village is a small onewith/which hasnearly 100 families and about 500 people. It used to be very poor. ② However,it has changed a lot since 1978 ③ and has been developing very fast.④ People here live a much better lifethan before . Now it is taking on a new look.

　　In the past, the school here was very small ⑤ and most children couldn't afford to go to school. ⑥But now it has been rebuilt ⑦ and the newly built teaching building ⑧ which has 4 storeys is the most beautiful one in the village. All the school-age children can study here. ⑨ What's more,they enjoy free education.

　　⑩May you enjoy your stay here / May you have a pleasant time here! Thank you.

　　写作模板——图表式作文

　　It is obvious in the graphic/table that the rate/number/amount of Y has undergone dramatic changes. It has gone up/grown/fallen/dropped considerably in recent years (as X varies). At the point of X1, Y reaches its peak value of …(多少).

　　What is the reason for this change? Mainly there are …(多少) reasons behind the situation reflected in the graphic/table. First of all, …(第一个原因). More importantly, …(第二个原因). Most important of all, …(第三个原因).

　　From the above discussions, we have enough reason to predict what will happen in the near future. The trend described in the graphic/table will continue for quite a long time (if necessary measures are not taken括号里的使用于那些不太好的变化趋势).