2016届高考英语阅读改错提升训练28 财富人生

　　高考28——财富人生

　　（时间：分钟）

　　维A 阅读理解(每题2分，满分8分)

　　(2012·大纲全国卷Ⅰ)Last night I was driving from Harrisburg to Lewisburg，a distance of about eighty miles.It was late.Several times I got stuck behind a slow­moving truck on a narrow road with a solid white line on my left，and I became increasingly impatient.

　　At one point along an open road，I came to a crossing with a traffic light.I was alone on the road by now，but as I drove near the light，it turned red and I made a stop.I looked left，right and behind me.Nothing.Not a car，no suggestion of car lamps，but there I sat，waiting for the light to change，the only human being for at least a mile in any direction.

　　I started wondering why I refused to run the light.I was not afraid of being caught，because there was clearly no policeman around，and there certainly would have been no danger in going through it.

　　Much later that night，the question of why I'd stopped for that light came back to me.I think I stopped because it's part of a contract (契约) we all have with each other.It's not only the law，but it's an agreement we have，and we trust each other to honor it：we don't go through red lights.

　　Trust is our first inclination (倾向)．Doubting others does not seem to be natural to us.The whole construction of our society depends on mutual (相互) trust，not distrust.We do what we say we'll do；we show up when we say we'll show up；and we pay when we say we'll pay.We trust each other in these matters，and we're angry or disappointed with the person or organization that breaks the trust we have in them.

　　I was so proud of myself for stopping for the red light that night.

　　【语篇解读】 漆黑的夜晚，空旷的道路，作者独自等候在红灯前，只为自己内心的那份信任。

　　1．Why did the author get impatient while driving?

　　A．He was lonely on the road.

　　B．He was slowed down by a truck.

　　C．He got tired of driving too long.

　　D．He came across too many traffic lights.

　　答案　B　[考查细节理解。根据第一段后半部分的内容可知，作者因前方有一辆缓慢行驶的卡车而变得不耐烦。]

　　2．What was the author's immediate action when the traffic light turned red?

　　A．Stopping still.

　　B．Driving through it.

　　C．Looking around for other cars.

　　D．Checking out for traffic police.

　　答案　A　[考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“...it turned red and I made a stop”可知，作者的瞬时反应是立刻停车。]

　　3．The event made the author strongly believe that ______.

　　A．traffic rules may be unnecessary

　　B．doubting others is human nature

　　C．patience is important to drivers

　　D．a society needs mutual trust

　　答案　D　[考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段第三句的内容可知，这件事让作者深信社会需要相互信任。]

　　4．Why was the author proud of himself?

　　A．He kept his promise.

　　B．He held back his anger.

　　C．He followed his inclination.

　　D．He made a right decision.

　　答案　D　[考查推理判断。由第二、三段作者在无人的十字路口的左顾右盼及后来的所思所想，再结合最后一段可知，作者在无人的十字路口遵守了交通规则，没有闯红灯，这个决定是正确的，因此，作者为此深感自豪。]

　　维B 完形填空(每题1.5分，满分30分)

　　高考曾用材料：2012大纲全国卷Ⅱ

　　选材相似度：★★★★

　　设题相似度：★★★

　　难度系数：★★★★

　　Like that of her own character，Harry

　　Potter，J.K.Rowling's life is like a fairy tale.Divorced，living on public assistance in a tiny Edinburgh flat with her infant daughter，Rowling

　　__1__ Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone

　　__2__

　　a table in a cafe during her daughter's naps—and it was Harry Potter

　　__3__

　　rescued her.

　　Rowling

　　__4__

　　that she always wanted to write and that the first

　　__5__

　　she actually wrote down，when she was five or six，was a story about a rabbit

　　__6__

　　Rabbit.Many of her favorite

　　__7__

　　center around reading—hearing The Wind in the Willows

　　__8__

　　aloud by her father when she had the measles，enjoying the fantastic adventure stories of E．Nesbit，and her favorite story of all，The Little White Horse.

　　At Exeter University Rowling took her degree in French and

　　__9__ one year studying in Paris.After college she moved to London to

　　__10__

　　as a researcher and bilingual secretary.The best thing about working in an office，she has said，was __11__ up stories on the computer when no one was __12__.During this time，on a particularly long train ride from Manchester to London in the summer of 1990，the idea __13__

　　her of a boy who is a wizard and doesn't know it.He __14__

　　a school for wizardry—she could see him very plainly in her mind.By the time the train

　　__15__

　　into Kings Cross station four hours later，many of the characters and the early stages of the plot were fully

　　__16__

　　in her head.The story took further shape as she continued working on it in

　　__17__ and cafes over her lunch hours.

　　After her marriage to a Portuguese TV journalist ended in divorce，Rowling returned to Britain with her infant daughter and a suitcase full of Harry Potter notes and

　　__18__.She settled in Edinburgh to be near her sister and

　　__19__

　　to finish the book before looking for a teaching job.Wheeling her daughter's carriage around the city to escape their

　　__20__，cold apartment，she would duck into coffee shops to write when the baby fell asleep.In this way she finished the book and started sending it to publishers.

　　Notes：

　　①measle n．麻疹　②bilingual adj.双语的

　　【语篇解读】 Harry Potter是受全世界书迷喜欢的系列小说，可很少有人知道此书的作者J.K.Rowling的命运就像书中人物哈利·波特一样具有传奇色彩。

　　1．A.read

　　B．recited

　　C．wrote

　　D．copied

　　答案　C　[作为一个作家，应该是“写”或“创作”小说。]

　　2．A.on

　　B．in

　　C．around

　　D．at

　　答案　D　[写作时应该是“坐在桌子前”，用at a table。]

　　3．A.what

　　B．that

　　C．which

　　D．who

　　答案　B　[本句采用了强调句型，强调的是主语Harry Potter。]

　　4．A.remembers

　　B．thinks

　　C．reminds

　　D．supposes

　　答案　A　[此处是Rowling对往事的回忆，所以应该选 remembers。]

　　5．A.book

　　B．story

　　C．novel

　　D．fiction

　　答案　B　[下文“was a story about a rabbit __6__ Rabbit”暗示了答案。novel 指一般的小说；fiction多指科幻方面的小说。]

　　6．A.colored

　　B．published

　　C．called

　　D．replaced

　　答案　C　[语境为“关于一只名叫Rabbit的兔子的故事”。]

　　7．A.songs

　　B．sports

　　C．things

　　D．memories

　　答案　D　[此段主要讲述的是Rowling对往事的回忆，这里的意思为“她的许多美好回忆集中在读书上”。]

　　8．A.spoken

　　B．said

　　C．told

　　D．read

　　答案　D　[read aloud意思为“大声朗读”；虽然tell可以表示“讲故事”，但它不与aloud搭配。]

　　9．A.cost

　　B．spared

　　C．took

　　D．spent

　　答案　D　[spend time(in)doing sth为固定结构。]

　　10．A.regard

　　B．consider

　　C．work

　　D．treat

　　答案　C　[虽然四个动词都与as搭配，但此处表示“当研究员和秘书”，所以用work as。]

　　11．A.searching

　　B．reading

　　C．listening

　　D．typing

　　答案　D　[此处表示在上班期间搞业余创作，应该是在电脑上把构思的小说“打出来”。]

　　12．A.noticing

　　B．watching

　　C．observing

　　D．seeing

　　答案　B　[语境为“当没有观察时，她就在电脑上打字”。watch表示“观看，观察，监视”，符合语境；notice表示“无意中注意到”；observe多表示“搞专门研究的人长期地进行某一方面的观察”；see表示“有意或无意中看到”。]

　　13．A.came to

　　B．struck to

　　C．stuck to

　　D．hit on

　　答案　A　[表示“某人产生一个主意”常用an idea comes to sb，an idea strikes sb或sb hits on/upon an idea。]

　　14．A.studies

　　B．attends

　　C．builds

　　D．goes

　　答案　B　[与上学有关的短语为study at/in a school，attend a school，enter a school和go to school。]

　　15．A.entered

　　B．pulled

　　C．reached

　　D．arrived

　　答案　B　[火车进站、出站常用动词“pull into”和“pull out of”。另外，这两个短语还可表示轮船进出码头。]

　　16．A.organized

　　B．taken

　　C．formed

　　D．appeared

　　答案　C　[此处表示故事中的人物和前边的部分已经在她大脑中“形成”。]

　　17．A.theatres

　　B．pubs

　　C．cinemas

　　D．concerts

　　答案　B　[由“over her lunch hours”可知，此处应选pubs(酒吧)。]

　　18．A.chapters

　　B．books

　　C．magazines

　　D．newspapers

　　答案　A　[从上文的“notes”一词和下文的“to finish the book”可知，此处表示那本书的“章节”。]

　　19．A.set about

　　B．set off

　　C．set up

　　D．set out

　　答案　D　[此处表示定居下来以后着手完成她的书。表示“着手干某事”常用set out to do sth和set about doing sth两个短语，由后边的不定式结构推断出选D。set off表示“动身，出发”；set up意为“建立”。]

　　20．A.splendid

　　B．large

　　C．comfortable

　　D．tiny

　　答案　D　[此处意为“离开她们狭小而又寒冷的公寓……”。]

　　维C 阅读理解(每题2分，满分分)

　　高考曾用材料：2012湖南卷A篇

　　选材相似度：★★★★

　　设题相似度：★★★

　　难度系数：★★★

　　When I was 17，I read a quote that went something like: “If you live each day as if it were your last，someday you'll most certainly be right.” It made an impression on me，and since then，for the past 33 years，I have looked in the mirror every morning and asked myself， “If today were the last day of my life，would I want to do what I am about to do today？”

　　Remembering that I'll be dead soon is the most important tool I've ever encountered to help me make the big choices in life.

　　About a year ago I was diagnosed with cancer.The doctors told me this was almost certainly a type of cancer that was incurable，and that I would live no longer than three to six months.My doctor advised me to go home and get my affairs in order，which is doctors' code for preparing yourself to die.

　　I lived with that diagnosis all day.I was completely in despair.Later that evening I had another biopsy and my wife told me that tumor turned out to be curable with surgery.I had the surgery and I'm fine now.

　　This was the closest I've been to facing death.To tell the truth，no one wants to die.And yet death is the destination we all share.No one has ever escaped it.It clears out the old to make room for the new.Right now the new is you，but someday not too long from now，you will gradually become the old and be cleared away.

　　Your time is so limited that you shouldn't waste it repeating someone else's life.Don't be trapped by dogma—which is living with the results of other people's thinking.Don't let the noise of others' opinions drown out your own inner voice.And most important，have the courage to follow your heart.It somehow already knows what you truly want to become.Everything else is secondary.

　　Notes：

　　biopsy n．活组织检查　②tumor n．肿瘤

　　【语篇解读】 这是苹果公司CEO乔布斯在斯坦福大学毕业典礼上演讲的节选部分。在这部分内容中，他诚恳地表达了自己对死亡的看法。

　　1．The doctor advised the author to go home and get his affairs in order because ________.

　　A．he had to rest at home

　　B．his disease couldn't be cured

　　C．his disease was not serious at all

　　D．he had to wait for the result of the test

　　答案　B　[细节理解题。由第三段的“incurable”以及“which is doctors' code for preparing yourself to die”可知，医生认为作者的病无法治愈。]

　　2．How did the author feel after the diagnosis?

　　A．Calm.

　　B．Excited.

　　C．Hopeless.

　　D．Optimistic.

　　答案　C　[细节理解题。由第四段的“I was completely in despair”可知诊断结果出来之后，作者感到很绝望。]

　　3．What does the author think of death?

　　A．He thinks it is nothing to be scared of.

　　B．He thinks it is impossible to avoid.

　　C．He thinks it is not the end of life.

　　D．He thinks it is the beginning of a new life.

　　答案　B　[细节理解题。由第五段可知，作者认为没有人愿意死，但是死亡是我们每个人共同的终点，没有人能够逃脱它。故选B。]

　　4．In the author's opinion，we should ________.

　　A．follow others' advice

　　B．do what we want

　　C．keep a positive attitude towards life

　　D．take exercise and keep healthy

　　答案　B　[推理判断题。最后一段中，作者提到“人们的时间很有限，不要将它们浪费在重复其他人的生活上。不要让其他人喧嚣的观点掩盖你真正的内心的声音。要有勇气去听从直觉和心灵的指示”。由此可知，B项(做我们想做的事情)为最佳选项。]

　　维D 根据短文内容，从下框的A～F选项中选出能概括每一段主题的最佳选项。选项中有一项为多余项。(每题2分，满分10分)

　　Daily habits can affect our well­being.Here are five simple actions that research has shown make people feel good.

　　1.

　　Pause now and then to smell a rose or watch children at play.“Study participants who took time to savor ordinary events that they normally hurried through，or to think back on pleasant moments from their day，showed significant increases in happiness and reductions in depression，”says psychologist Sonja Lyubomirsky.

　　2.

　　People who put money high on their priority list are more at risk for depression，anxiety，and low self­esteem，according to researchers Tim Kasser and Richard Ryan.Their findings hold true across nations and cultures.“The more we seek satisfactions in material goods，the less we find them there，”Ryan says.“The satisfaction has a short half­life—it's very fleeting.” Money­seekers also score lower on tests of vitality and self­actualization.

　　3.

　　“People who struggle for something significant，whether it's learning a new craft or raising moral children，are far happier than those who don't have strong dreams or aspirations，”say Ed Diener and Robert Biswas­Diener.“As humans，we actually require a sense of meaning to thrive.”Harvard's professor，Tal Ben­Shahar，agrees，“Happiness lies at the intersection between pleasure and meaning.Whether at work or at home，the goal is to engage in activities that are both personally significant and enjoyable.”

　　4.

　　People who keep gratitude journals on a weekly basis are healthier，more optimistic，and more likely to make progress toward achieving personal goals，according to author Robert Emmons.Research by Martin Seligman，founder of positive psychology，revealed that people who write “gratitude letters” to someone who made a difference in their lives score higher on happiness，and lower on depression—and the effect lasts for weeks.

　　5.

　　A study by Duke University shows that exercise may be just as effective as drugs in treating depression，without all the side effects and expense.Other research shows that in addition to health benefits，regular exercise offers a sense of accomplishment and opportunity for social interaction，releases feel­good endorphins，and boosts self­esteem.

　　答案　1.C　2.D　3.B　4.E　5.A