2016届高考英语阅读改错提升训练14 历史文化

　　高考14——历史文化

　　（时间：分钟）

　　维A1 阅读理解(每题2分，满分分)

　　高考曾用材料：2012大纲全国卷Ⅱ D篇

　　选材相似度：★★★★

　　设题相似度：★★★

　　难度系数：★★★★

　　The

　　modern

　　British Empire first took shape in the early 17th century，with the British settlement of the eastern colonies of North America，which would later become the original United States，as well as Canada's Maritime provinces，and the colonizations of the smaller islands of the Caribbean such as Trinidad and Tobago，the Bahamas，Barbados，and Jamaica.

　　These sugar plantation islands，where slavery became the basis of the economy，were at first Britain's most important and successful colonies.The American colonies providing tobacco，cotton，and rice in the south and naval material and furs in the north were less financially successful，but had large areas of good agricultural land and attracted far larger numbers of British immigrants.

　　Britain's American empire was slowly expanded by war and colonization.The ever growing American colonies pressed westward in search of new agricultural lands.Conflict arose with the Dutch over trade and empire; First Anglo­Dutch War (1652～1654); Second Anglo­Dutch War (1665～1667); Third Anglo­Dutch War (1672～1674); Britain gained control of New Amsterdam，which was renamed New York，but ceded Suriname.They defeated the French，first expanding their hold over the maritime provinces.Then during the Seven Years War the British defeated the French at the Plains of Abraham and captured all of New France in 1760.This gave Britain control over almost all of North America.Fourth Anglo­Dutch War (1780～1784); Anglo­Dutch Treaty of 1814；Anglo­Dutch Treaty of 1824.

　　In the late eighteenth and early nineteenth century a series of technological advances led to the Industrial Revolution.Britain's position as the world's pre­eminent trader helped fund research and experimentation.The nation was also gifted by some of the world's greatest reserves of coal，the main fuel of the new revolution.

　　Notes：

　　①naval adj.海的　②cede vt.放弃　③treaty n．条约

　　④pre­eminent adj.卓越的；优秀的

　　长短句分析：The American colonies providing tobacco，cotton，and rice in the south and naval material and furs in the north were less financially successful，but had large areas of good agricultural land and attracted far larger numbers of British immigrants.

　　句法点睛：本句中，“providing tobacco，cotton，and rice in the south and naval material and furs in the north”为定语，修饰colonies；but连接两个谓语。

　　句意：美洲的殖民地，南方提供了烟草、棉花、水稻，北方提供了海产品和皮毛，这从经济上不是很成功，但是肥沃的农业用地吸引了大量的英国移民。

　　【语篇解读】 现代大不列颠帝国的雏形开始于17世纪，当时英国占领了现在美国、加拿大临海的一些省份以及北美一些岛屿国家的地方。英国进行了残酷的殖民统治，从当地人手中夺取了大量的土地。南方为英国人提供烟草、棉花和水稻，而北方则提供大量的优质农业用地。经过多年的战争，英国人从法国人手中夺取了土地，并与当地人签署协议，成为合法的土地使用者。这里的煤炭为18世纪晚期和19世纪早期的工业革命提供了能源保证。

　　1．Where did the British first settle when they first came to America in the 17th century?

　　A．Only the United States.

　　B．Not only the United States but also parts of other countries.

　　C．The whole of Canada.

　　D．Small islands.

　　答案　B　[细节理解题。由“the original United States，as well as Canada's Maritime provinces，and the colonizations of the smaller islands of the Caribbean such as Trinidad and Tobago，the Bahamas，Barbados，and Jamaica”可知，当时英国占领的不仅仅是美国，还占领了加拿大的临海省份，以及一些岛屿国家。]

　　2．According to the passage what in America made the British interested most?

　　A．Tobacco，cotton，and rice.

　　B．Naval material and furs.

　　C．A great deal of good farmland.

　　D．Forests.

　　答案　C　[联系第二段中的“naval material and furs in the north were less financially successful，but had large areas of good agricultural land and attracted far larger numbers of British immigrants”可知，英国移民看上的不是海产品和皮毛，而是大量的肥沃土地。]

　　3．What does the underlined word “pressed” mean in the third paragraph?

　　A．Touched.

　　B．Pushed.

　　C．Published.

　　D．Extended.

　　答案　D　[词义猜测题。联系“westward in search of new agricultural lands”可知，这些殖民者向西扩张以寻求更多的土地，因此D项最合适。]

　　4．How many years was it from the first war with Anglo to the end of the last war in history?

　　A．132 years.

　　B．162 years.C．172 years.

　　D．108 years.

　　答案　A　[推理判断题。第一次战争开始于1652年，而最后一次战争结束于1784年，因此得出答案A。]

　　维A2 阅读理解(每题2分，满分8分)

　　高考曾用材料：2012浙江卷B篇

　　选材相似度：★★★★

　　设题相似度：★★★

　　难度系数：★★★★

　　Culture helps human societies survive in changing natural environments.For example，the end of the last Ice Age，beginning

　　about

　　15,000 years ago，brought an enormous challenge to which humans had to adapt.Before this time，large parts of the northern hemisphere were covered in great sheets of ice that contained much of the earth's water.In North America，large animals that roamed the vast tundra provided people with food and materials for clothing and simple shelters.When the earth became warm，large Ice Age animals disappeared，and many land areas were submerged by rising sea levels from melting ice.But people survived.They developed new technologies and learned how to survive on new plant and animal species.Finally some people settled into permanent villages，durable houses and farms.

　　Cultural adaptation has made humans one of the most successful species on the planet.Through history，major developments in technology，medicine，and nutrition have allowed people to reproduce and survive in ever­increasing numbers.The global population has risen from 8 million during the Ice Age to about 6 billion today.

　　However，the successes of culture can also create problems in the long run.Over the last 200 years，people have begun to use large quantities of natural resources and energy and to produce a great amount of material and chemical wastes.The global population now consumes some crucial natural resources—such as petroleum，wood，and mineral ores—faster than nature can produce them.Many scientists believe that in the process of burning fuels and producing wastes，people may be changing the global climate in unpredictable and possibly harmful ways.Thus，the adaptive success of the present­day global culture of production and commerce may be temporary.

　　Notes：

　　tundra n．冰原；苔原　②submerge vt.淹没

　　③crucial adj.关键的　④ore n．矿

　　长短句分析：Many scientists believe that in the process of burning fuels and producing wastes，people may be changing the global climate in unpredictable and possibly harmful ways.

　　句法点睛：这是个主从复合句。Many scientists believe为主句部分，in the process of burning fuels and producing wastes为宾语从句的时间状语，people may be changing the global climate in unpredictable and possibly harmful ways为宾语从句的主干部分。

　　句意：很多科学家认为，在燃料燃烧和产生垃圾的过程中，人们可能正以无法预测的，甚至是有害的方式改变着全球的气候。

　　【语篇解读】 本文为议论文。文章论述了人类在适应自然环境得到了飞速发展的同时，也带来了系列问题：人类的过度发展破环了自然，以至给人类自己带来了灾难。

　　1．What does the first paragraph mainly talk about?

　　A．How the human being survived in the Ice Age.

　　B．What the situation was during the Ice Age.

　　C．What caused the Ice Age to come to an end.

　　D．Why the Ice Age was very important.

　　答案　A　[主旨大意题。虽然冰川融化，人类食物链遭到破坏，但由于人类具有认识和使用新技术的能力而得以存活，并发展状大。]

　　2．The passage doesn't tell the readers ________.

　　A．what caused the earth to become warm

　　B．when the ending of the Ice Age began

　　C．the population of the Ice Age

　　D．the problem of cultural adaptation

　　答案　A　[细节理解题。短文没有论及地球变暖的原因。]

　　3．Which is the problem of cultural adaption?

　　A．A very developed culture came into being.

　　B．Too much species have been endangered.

　　C．The world has become too crowded.

　　D．Human activities have made damage to the balance of nature.

　　答案　D　[细节理解题。人类过量使用自然资源而破坏了生态平衡。]

　　4．In face of the greater challenge，human beings should ________.

　　A．stop developing any longer

　　B．reduce using too much natural resources

　　C．find a way out to stop the warming up of the globe

　　D．save more animals in case they all die out

　　答案　B　[细节理解题。人类过量使用自然资源已经导致了环境的恶化，理智的办法就是减少使用自然资源。]

　　维B 短文改错(每题1.5分，满分15分)

　　下面文中共有10处错误，每句中最多有两处。

　　注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；

　　2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。

　　Angela works at a university as adviser.Students can come and ask her for many problems if they need help or advices.Most of them are worried about their studies and exams.Some of them have problems connect with renting flats，though the biggest problem was loneliness.Universities are excited places but some students find difficult to make friends.They miss their families but feel lost in the new environment.They're upset.Angela's job is to listen to and try to understand whether they are thinking about.And of course she also gives practical advice when she is needed.

　　答案　

　　Angela works at a university as

　　adviser.Students can come and ask her for many problems if they need help or .Most of them are worried about their studies and exams.Some of them have problems

　　with renting flats，though the biggest problem

　　loneliness.Universities are

　　places but some students find

　　difficult to make friends.They miss their families

　　feel lost in the new environment.They're upset.Angela's job is to listen to/ and try to understand

　　they are thinking about.And of course she also gives practical advice when

　　is needed.